In 976 AD, Zhu Dong, the secretariat of Tanzhou, formally established Yuelu Academy near Huang Bao Cave at the foot of Yuelu Mountain. At this time, it is no longer just a humble academy where people can live in a house and have books to read, but a grand academy with 5 lecture halls and 52 dormitories. Shortly after Zhu Dong left Tanzhou, the academy was once neglected because there was no one to support it for a while. But in 999 (the second year of Xianping), lee woon-jae was resurrected after learning about the situation in Tanzhou. Originally a Confucian scholar, he was the son of Pu. I learned a little about his talent when I was young, and then supplemented his official position with his shadow. Wherever he went, he devoted himself to doing practical things for the people. "People like it." After he learned about Tanzhou, he practiced running a school. Under the auspices of Li, Yuelu Academy was quickly restored and expanded. He "got all the old books, lured the green fern and wanted to build the old site." Outside our gate building, the middle-aged lecture hall and library were unveiled, and order was the guest. Carving statues of former teachers and painting seventy-two sages "and" Please Boil Water in the Spring and Autumn Period "made the Academy take shape, forming a charter of the Academy consisting of three parts: giving lectures, collecting books and offering sacrifices. The official quota of the Academy is more than 60 people, except for other scholars, and its reputation has gradually spread in Hunan, Hunan, Heng Yue and other places. Due to the school-running achievements of Yuelu Academy, the imperial court accepted Li's invitation and gave the imperial book to Yuelu Academy as "Interpretation of the Text".
Historical records, Tang Yun, jade and other historical books. Yu Wang in Northern Song Dynasty praised in Tanzhou Yuelu Academy: "Who is Xiaoxiang? This is for Jules. Who's Man Jing? This is Zou Lu ". Compare Yuelu Academy to "Zhu Si" and "Zou Lu" in the hometown of Confucius and Mencius. Tanzhou has been known as "Xiaoxiang Bamboo Silk" since then.
During the Northern Song Dynasty (1008- 10 17), Yuelu Academy entered its heyday in the Northern Song Dynasty. 10 12 (five years in Dazhong Xiangfu), born in Xiangyin, Tanzhou, with the Zhou Dynasty as the head of the mountain. Zhou style is "good at learning and doing, especially good at doing righteousness." Under his auspices, Yuelu Academy has greatly expanded its school scale, and the number of students has increased from more than 60 to "hundreds". Zhou Shi also invited the well-known Liu Shidao to expand the lent house. At that time, Tan Qi took notes, but unfortunately the original notes did not exist, so it is difficult to elaborate on the specific development. 10 15 years (eight years in Dazhong Xiangfu), Song Zhenzong personally summoned Zhou Shi and praised Zhou Shi for promoting learning. Inscribe the plaque of Yuelu Academy. So far, the stone carvings of Yuelu Academy in Ming Dynasty are written by Song Zhenzong. Song Zhenzong felt that he was upright in his study, so he awarded Zhou Shi as the main book of imperial academy and stayed in the court. However, Zhou Shijian refused the request and asked to return to the mountains to teach. Zhenzong was moved by it, but in recognition of his heart of boxing, he was given a pommel horse and books from the imperial palace. Under the leadership of Zhou Shi, Yuelu Academy has made great progress in the number of students and the scale of the academy, becoming one of the four largest academies in the world. There are different opinions about the "four hospitals". Lv Zuqian and Wu Chengzhi said: Songyang, Yuelu, Suiyang and Bailudong. Wang Ying. Lin said: Yuelu, Bailudong and Xiangshan. Fan Chengda said: Culai, Jinshan, Shigu and Yuelu. Ma Duanlin said: Yuelu, Suiyang, Bailudong and Shigu. The ancients have different opinions. We don't have to stick to the words of a certain family. Just pushing Yuelu for each family reflects how unforgettable the ancient literati's impression of Yuelu is. In the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to strengthen ideological autocracy, revitalize the declining official schools and broaden the ways of selecting scholars in the imperial examination, the court launched four campaigns to promote learning. Under the impact of the official school movement, academies around the country were destroyed, some were abandoned, and some were changed to official schools. Similarly, Yuelu Academy is doomed. 1097 (the fourth year of Shaosheng), the court ordered the abandonment of Yuelu Academy and changed it to a drum casting field. At the critical moment when Yuelu Academy faced the threat of survival, Zhu Fu, the captain of Xiangyin, risked his life and could not resist the imperial edict on the grounds that the township school was indestructible. Although Zhu Di spoke lightly, due to the reputation of Yuelu Academy, the court had to give up and Yuelu Academy was spared. Yuelu was not silent in the official school-running movement, but was included in the educational reform system of "Tanzhou Three Schools" and became the highest institution on Jinghu South Road.
At the turn of the Song Dynasty, Yuelu Academy was looted by the war, leaving "only the ashes of the war" and becoming a wasteland. Yuelu Academy was rebuilt on 1 165 (the first year of Avenue). It was Liu Yong, then the envoy of Hunan Anfu, who shouldered the heavy responsibility of rebuilding Yuelu Mountain. Liu Xun is also a Confucian scholar, who paid attention to Confucianism and Taoism all his life. After learning about Tanzhou, he attached great importance to the development of culture and education, "building schools, traveling gracefully and thinking about it". He appointed Yamy, a county professor, to preside over the reconstruction of Yuelu Mountain. After less than a year's efforts, the academy not only restored its old view, but also expanded it, increasing the number of houses to 50. "Xiao Sheng is in the temple, painting seventy sons, and adding a library to the north." In particular, the employment of Lu Yue, a famous Neo-Confucianism scholar, further consolidated the educational and academic status of Yuelu Academy in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Bishop Zhang Yuelu, a group of heroes suddenly arrived, and there were thousands of people, from scholars to southeast provinces, so that "horse drinking will exhaust the pool and stop the road", which is unprecedented in Yuelu history. Zhu, another Dali scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, heard about Wu Feng (Hu Hong) written by Zhang Deheng, and made a special trip to Yuelu, where he held a world-famous "Zhu Lecture", which promoted the exchange between Fujian studies and Hunan studies, and the influence of Yuelu Academy was deeper and wider. As Yuan agent Wu Cheng said in Rebuilding Yuelu Academy: "From now on Yuelu is called Yuelu, not the former Yuelu! The land is heavy and there are many people. "
After the lecture given by Bishop Zhang and Zhu, another tall-footed tiger of Hu Hong lived in 1 167 (Road 5).
Bishop Lu Yue came to Yuelu to give lectures in 1 188 (the 15th year of Xichun), which kept an active academic atmosphere in Yuelu Academy for a long time. During Chen Fuliang's lecture in Yuelu Mountain, Hunan Anfu made Pan Chou rebuild the academy again, "Guangerzhai will benefit ten people". Guqi, a professor of Chinese studies, has a close relationship with Ren Shan, and hired Zhang Gaozu and Wu Lie as deans. 1 194 (five years), Zhu was appointed as Hunan Anfu ambassador and came to Tanzhou for the second time. After his rectification, Yuelu Academy once again entered a prosperous period. 1222 (in the 15th year of Jiading), the famous Neo-Confucianism scholar Zhen accompanied Hunan Anfu to the embassy, and made a special trip to Yuelu Academy as the chief priests of Zhu Dong, Liu Yong. 1 146 (in the sixth year of Chun), Yuelu Academy was re-granted and "Tanzhou Three Schools" was restored. 1253 (the first year of Bao's reign), Wu, the deputy ambassador of Hunan Province, hired Ouyang Shoudao, a famous philosopher in Jizhou, as the deputy head of the mountain, and began to talk about "inventing Meng Zhengxin's theory and inheriting the three saints" and vigorously promoted Neo-Confucianism. Zhang, Zhang Shu and his nephew Zhang Zhongshu also give lectures here. Yuelu spread the theory that the country helps the world and advocated the style of study of ethical practice, which lasted until the last moment when Yuan soldiers attacked Changsha in 1275 and the academy was destroyed. Yuelu Academy was founded in the early years of Northern Song Dynasty. In the sixth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (973), Zhu Dong took Shangshu as the secretariat of Tanzhou. In view of the numerous temples under Huang Bao Cave in Yuelu Mountain in Changsha and the quiet environment, he accepted Liu Ao's suggestion and founded Yuelu Academy on the basis of the original monastery. The newly established college is divided into five lecture halls and fifty-two dormitories, in which the lecture hall is the place where teachers give lectures and the lent hall is the place where students usually study and stay. The pattern of Yuelu Academy has a lecture hall in the middle and a series of houses in the east and west, which has been passed down to this day. In the second year of Song Taizong Xianping (999), Li Yun was appointed as the secretariat of Tanzhou. On the one hand, he continued to expand the scale of the academy, adding libraries and "auditorium" (also known as "Confucius Hall"), and "sculpting ten philosophers and painting seventy-two sages"; On the one hand, actively strive for the court's support for Yuelu's learning, so as to promote the greater development of the academy. In the fourth year of Xianping (100 1), the imperial court presented books to Yuelu Academy for the first time, including Confucian classics such as Shuowen Jiezi, Yijing, Shiji, Jade and Tang Yun. There were more than 60 students in the college at that time. Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu has been in office for five years (10 12). After Zhou Shi, a scholar, took charge of Yuelu Academy as the head of the mountain, the academy developed rapidly, and the enrollment increased to 100. Zhou Shi himself was summoned and encouraged by Song Zhenzong. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Yuelu Academy reached its peak. Zhang Wei, a famous Neo-Confucianism scholar, presided over Yuelu Academy. His guiding ideology of running a school is to oppose the study of benefiting the people through the imperial examination and to cultivate talents who preach, teach and solve doubts. In teaching, the principles of "step by step", "learning and thinking", "integration of knowledge and practice" and "careful thinking and careful selection" are put forward. In academic research, it emphasizes "preaching", "seeking benevolence" and "following fate". A number of outstanding students such as Wu Lie, Zhao Fang, You Jiuyan and Chen Qi have been trained, and most scholars of Huxiang School have also studied in Yuelu Academy. For a time, a large number of scholars came to the academy to study science, and some even "hate not graduating from Hunan." At that time, Yuelu Academy became a famous base for spreading science in China. In the seventh year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 180), after Zhang Qian's death, Zhu, Zhen and others also showed great enthusiasm for opening Yuelu Academy and spreading Neo-Confucianism. Zhu also presented the Bailudong Academy Regulations to Yuelu Academy.
From the Yuan and Ming Dynasties to the early Qing Dynasty, Yuelu Academy was burned down twice because of the war. Although it was rebuilt and repaired later, it did not return to its original appearance. Early Qing dynasty. The college was banned. After Kangxi, due to the recognition of Neo-Confucianism, the academy policy was relaxed. In the 26th year of Kangxi (1687), the tablet of Xueda Tiandao, an imperial book, was sent to Yuelu Mountain along with the Thirteen Classics, the Twenty-first History and the lecture notes on Confucian Classics. In the ninth year of Qianlong (1744), the tablet of Daonan Zhengmai was sent to Yuelu Mountain, and Yuelu Academy was revived. After the revival, the Foot Academy gradually evolved from a private academy to a government-run academy, except for the repeated expansion of the hostel. With the rise of textual research in Ganjia, Yuelu Academy is often presided over by a famous sinologist who is engaged in the study of Confucian classics, and the research content has also changed from Neo-Confucianism to textual research of Confucian classics, especially during his stay in Wang Wenqing main academy. Since then, director Ren Shan of Luodian has "only studied classics to inspire and seduce backwardness". During the Daoguang period, Governor Wu Rongguang added a "Xiangshui School Classroom" in Yuelu Academy, focusing on Sinology. The last head of Yuelu Academy was Wang Xianqian, a famous Confucian scholar in Hunan in the late Qing Dynasty.
In the Qing Dynasty, Yuelu Academy gathered a generation of learned and respected masters, and trained famous Hunan scholars such as Wang Fuzhi, Tao Shu, Wei Yuan, Zuo, Hu Linyi, Zeng Guofan, Li, Tang, Shen Zhou and Yang Changji. In the 29th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1903), Yuelu Academy, which lasted for nearly a thousand years, was officially changed to higher education in Hunan. Since its establishment, Yuelu Academy has been famous for running schools and spreading academic culture.