1 Training objective and mode of safety engineering specialty
The goal of specialty training is the foundation of specialty construction and all teaching activities, and it is also the ultimate goal of talent training. When determining the training goal of safety engineering specialty; We should not only consider the complexity and diversity of safety science, but also the actual situation of colleges and universities, and combine the new requirements of socialist market economy for talents.
A remarkable feature of contemporary science and technology is the unity of highly differentiated disciplines and highly integrated disciplines. Safety science has absorbed the nutrition of natural science, social science, system science, behavioral science and other basic sciences since its birth, thus gradually forming its own discipline system. Therefore, when determining the training goal, we can neither violate the general law of contemporary scientific and technological development, nor be divorced from the development level of society, economy, culture and science and technology. At the same time, we should consider the new requirements of the socialist market economy for talents. Specifically, it is to implement a general education that emphasizes foundation, broad caliber, light specialty and practice. This kind of general education is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: first, it is necessary to have strong basic knowledge in knowledge structure; Second, in terms of skills, it is necessary to have the practical ability to engage in theoretical research and deal with safety issues; Third, in moral education, we should have the professional ethics of seeking truth from facts, being brave in innovation and devoting ourselves to the cause of safety.
Nowadays, with the rapid development of society and science and technology, the concept of university education has undergone fundamental changes. It is not only a process of acquiring knowledge, but more importantly, it enables the educated to acquire the quality of independent learning and self-development while laying a solid foundation. As Einstein pointed out, cultivating the ability of independent thinking and independent judgment should always be the first priority, rather than the acquisition of professional knowledge. Although science is developing and society is progressing, as long as we have strong basic theories and skills, supplemented by a certain depth of professional knowledge, we can adapt to various changes in society. Many scientists, famous scholars and engineering experts can achieve brilliant achievements, not because they have learned all the knowledge they need for future work at the stage of academic education, but because they have mastered solid basic theories and conducted strict basic training, which has laid a good foundation for their future development. Basic theory is also of great significance in engineering practice. For example, when solving the problems of coal mine gas outburst, dam leakage, land salinization, deep burial of nuclear waste, urban garbage landfill, salt mine solution mining and so on. It is often difficult to solve problems with existing engineering experience, which requires finding answers from basic disciplines such as seepage mechanics. If the basic theory is well mastered, the problem can be solved, which will often bring breakthrough progress in this field. So basic theory is the cornerstone of students' future development. While emphasizing the importance of basic theory, we should also pay attention to the expansion of students' knowledge. Due to the diversity of safety issues, and the fact that students' graduation assignment is self-employment and two-way choice, there are various employers involved in safety major. In order to give students more opportunities and choices after graduation, they must have extensive knowledge to meet the needs of market economy.
With a solid theoretical foundation and extensive knowledge, we should also pay attention to the cultivation of students' basic skills and practical work ability, that is, in the stage of university education, we should pay attention to cultivating students' ability to solve practical problems. Therefore, it is necessary to increase students' practical teaching links as much as possible, such as setting up various experiments, internships and designs, and paying attention to the effectiveness of practical teaching. Through these practical teaching, students can further deepen their understanding of theoretical knowledge, understand the specific problems in practical engineering, and learn how to apply the theory they have learned flexibly to practice, and gradually cultivate their ability to solve practical problems. In addition to cultivating students' knowledge, skills and practical work ability, moral education can not be ignored. In moral education, we should avoid empty preaching and emphasize the love of safety and the cultivation of professional ethics, so that students can realize that only by doing their jobs well can they have a future, instead of changing their minds with the tide. At the same time, it is necessary to cultivate students' strong sense of responsibility and legal awareness. Graduates majoring in safety engineering are often responsible for their future work, which is inseparable from safety laws and regulations. Only when they are in school can they form the habit of being responsible and observing rules and disciplines, avoid making mistakes and really do a good job in safety in the future.
2 professional characteristics of safety engineering
The biggest feature of safety science is its complexity and diversity, which is reflected in the construction of safety engineering specialty, that is, different institutions have their own characteristics. Typical examples are industry safety relying on a certain industry or technology, such as China University of Mining and Technology and Xi 'an University of Science and Technology, which were originally affiliated to the Ministry of Coal Industry and have national key disciplines, mainly focusing on mining safety; China University of Science and Technology, which owns the State Key Laboratory, focuses on fire safety, while many colleges and universities focus on chemical safety, building safety, traffic safety and computer information safety. How to stand out from many colleges and universities, make the safety engineering specialty unique, and make the safety engineering specialty invincible in the fierce talent market competition is an important issue that has to be considered in the specialty construction. However, if a major wants to run well and run its own characteristics, it is mainly restricted by two factors: first, the needs of society; Secondly, the school's own school conditions, that is, the overall background of the school and the actual situation of the professional teaching and research office (or research institute), can provide what kind of software and hardware conditions for the growth and cultivation of professional talents. In addition, it is necessary to combine the short-term talent demand of society and the long-term professional development to make a more accurate prediction of current and future talents. Only in this way can we ensure the relative stability of the specialty and the corresponding teaching staff.
Judging from the social demand for safety talents, over the past 20 years of reform and opening up, China's economic construction has made unprecedented achievements, people's material and cultural level has been greatly improved, and people's lifestyle and quality of life have undergone fundamental changes. After solving the basic problem of food and clothing, people pay more attention to their own health and safety, and put forward higher requirements for production safety, life safety and environmental safety. Secondly, with the deepening of China's political system reform, the functions of the government have also changed accordingly. The government no longer interferes with the specific business activities of enterprises, but uses policies and regulations to adjust and macro-control through the market. On June 29th, 2002, the 28th plenary session of the 9th the NPC Standing Committee was deliberated and passed, and the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Work Safety was promulgated on June 29th, 2002 +065438+ 10/0, which is the highest legal document on work safety in China. This Law is applicable to all state-owned and collective enterprises and institutions, joint-stock enterprises, Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative ventures, foreign-funded enterprises, partnerships and sole proprietorship enterprises engaged in production and business activities. Article 19 of this law clearly stipulates that mines, construction units and units that produce, manage and store dangerous goods shall set up safety management institutions or be equipped with full-time safety production management personnel. Other production and business operation entities with more than 300 employees shall also set up safety management institutions or be equipped with full-time safety management personnel, while those with less than 300 employees shall be equipped with full-time or part-time safety management personnel, or entrust engineers and technicians with relevant professional and technical qualifications as stipulated by the state to provide safety management services. The promulgation of the Law on Work Safety provides a legal basis for the work safety and management in China. At the same time, with the acceleration of democratization in China, the transparency of news and public opinion has been further improved. Serious accidents that were previously considered not to be made public for some political reasons are no longer sealed as top secret documents, but are made public to the public in time and tracked. The publicity of this news has intensified people's concern about security issues. However, due to historical reasons and the influence of people's ideas, many enterprises and institutions have not yet equipped corresponding safety management personnel or set up safety management departments in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Safety Production Law, which undoubtedly provides a broad world for students majoring in safety engineering to display their talents. Therefore, students majoring in safety will become an indispensable and important force to do a good job in safety production and safety management in enterprises and institutions for a long time to come.
However, it is not enough to have the above-mentioned external environment in order to really cultivate safety engineering professionals who can adapt to the socialist market economy. We should also proceed from the actual situation of the school, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, give full play to our own advantages, and let this major have its own characteristics. China is a big country with boilers, pressure vessels, pressure pipelines and special equipment. According to incomplete statistics, there are 506,500 boilers, 0/22.84 million fixed pressure vessels, 0/8,000 tank cars, 66/0/2,000 gas cylinders, 0/7,000 long-distance pipelines and 200,000 intensive pipelines in China. The city has 35,000 kilometers of urban pipelines and 57,000 kilometers of heating pipelines. In addition, there are many large-scale lifting equipment, elevators, aerial ropeways and other special equipment. The manufacture, installation, operation and maintenance of these devices are inseparable from the participation of safety engineers and technicians, but there are few safety engineering majors dedicated to such devices nationwide at present. China Ji Liang University belongs to the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine. After decades of development, the school has outstanding advantages in measurement technology and testing, and has achieved a large number of related scientific research results. A considerable part of these achievements are related to inspection and testing technology, and the safe production, operation and management of boilers, pressure vessels, pressure pipelines and special equipment are inseparable from inspection and testing technology. In view of the above analysis and considering the internal and external conditions of the school, the development direction of safety engineering specialty in this school is the safety of boilers, pressure vessels, pressure pipes and special equipment, so as to give full play to the existing advantages of running a school and gradually form its own characteristics.
3 safety engineering professional knowledge structure and curriculum system
According to the system structure of safety science, the training goal of safety engineering specialty and the rapid development of today's society, the curriculum system of safety engineering specialty should be elastic module structure. All courses are basically composed of four modules: public courses, basic courses and professional basic courses, professional courses and elective courses. Among them, public courses and basic courses are set according to the general requirements of engineering specialty of the Ministry of Education. Professional basic course is the basic course of safety major and the premise of further study of professional courses. Elective courses are to broaden students' knowledge and make targeted choices according to their future employment direction. The above modules are as follows:
The first module is public courses: political course, legal foundation, foreign language, advanced mathematics, probability theory and mathematical statistics, linear algebra, college physics, modern management foundation, computer software engineering, etc.
The second module basic courses and professional basic courses: engineering graphics, mechanical design basis, engineering mechanics (theoretical mechanics and material mechanics), elastic mechanics, plastic mechanics, fracture mechanics, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, chemical engineering principles (including fluid mechanics), engineering thermodynamics and heat transfer, electrotechnics, microcomputer principles and applications, safety detection technology principles, combustion and explosion, safety management and regulations, safety environment assessment, etc.
The third module is specialized courses: safety system engineering, boiler and pressure vessel safety technology, safety psychology, pressure pipeline operation and monitoring, fire and explosion prevention technology, industrial ventilation and dust prevention, harm and control of physical factors, safety ergonomics, industrial anti-virus technology, chemical machinery and equipment, etc.
Elective courses of the fourth module: automatic control principle, thermal equipment and system, environmental protection technology and equipment, process system safety analysis, CAD technology, scientific English, professional English, lectures on new safety technologies, etc.
In the above curriculum system, the importance of basic subjects such as mathematics, mechanics, chemistry and electricity is emphasized, because the safe operation and accident analysis of boilers, pipelines, containers and special equipment are inseparable from the above basic knowledge. The principle of safety detection technology mainly teaches the basic principles of instruments used in safety detection, while the detection methods are taught in specific professional courses. In addition, because management and regulations are becoming more and more important in the practice of safety work, three courses related to this are set up, namely legal basis, modern management basis and safety management and regulations, which can complement each other. Through study, students are trained to have strong legal awareness and master the basic knowledge of modern safety management. In addition to the above-mentioned theoretical study, there are special safety professional experiments, metalworking practice, electronic practice, production practice, graduation practice and other practical links inside and outside the school, as well as various course designs and graduation designs (papers) to enhance students' perceptual knowledge and comprehensive application of theoretical knowledge and create conditions for students to adapt to their jobs as soon as possible after graduation.
4 conclusion
According to Maslow's theory of human needs, human needs for safety are the most basic needs after food and clothing. With the progress of science and technology and the development of socialist market economy, people's material and cultural level will be further improved, and people will pay more and more attention to their own life safety. Security will surely become the theme of 2 1 century. As an institution of higher learning that trains safety professionals, it has a long way to go. On the basis of discussing the training objectives, personnel training mode, professional characteristics and other related issues of safety engineering specialty, combined with the specific situation of Ji Liang University in China, the curriculum system of safety engineering specialty in this school is formulated. I hope that some basic ideas put forward in this paper can have certain reference value for the construction of safety engineering specialty in other universities. (