Once the patient is complicated with cataract, besides actively treating the primary disease, the lens and fundus should be examined regularly so as to take further treatment measures. The treatment and operation of complex cataract is more difficult than senile cataract, and the prognosis is poor, so it is more important to prevent the occurrence of complex cataract.
Weight control can prevent cataracts
A new study found that when suffering from cataracts, the size of the lens can be different, which may lead to blindness. Experts in weight and eating disorders at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia point out that this is even worse news for obese people.
Since 1982, scientists have followed up 20,000 male doctors to study whether the occurrence of cataract is related to weight gain. By analyzing the health questionnaire filled out every year and measuring the body mass index (BMI), it is found that the BMI exceeds 27? The incidence of cataract in 8 doctors was 30% higher than that in doctors whose body mass index was lower than 22.
However, the body mass index can't distinguish between apple-shaped people with fat waist and pear-shaped people with fat hips. The former is at greater risk of heart disease and other diseases than the latter. This may be due to the endocrine changes caused by abdominal fat, so American clinicians calculated the ratio of abdomen to buttocks. They found that among overweight people, the risk of cataract faced by apple-shaped people is 30% higher than that of pear-shaped people.
The research team also proved that when people have a high concentration of C- reactive protein, they will face a correspondingly increased risk of cataract. Other studies have also pointed out that those who are overweight will produce excessive C-reactive protein, which is a risk factor for heart disease. Obesity can also cause other diseases, such as diabetes or hyperglycemia, and promote the formation of cataracts.
What is puzzling is the relationship between cataract and height. Scientists at Harvard University have found that no matter how fat a person is, people over 6 feet are at least 25% more likely to develop cataracts than people under 5 feet 7 inches. Experts believe that only by limiting calories can we reduce the risk of cataract. Scientists predict that if losing weight can prolong the occurrence time of cataract 10 years, the number of people who need clinical surgery will be reduced by 50%.
Avoid and control the onset of cataract.
There is a convex lens in people's eyes, which is called lens in medicine. Ming Che, like water, is crystal clear, soft and elastic, and it is easy to change the curvature of the surface, so it can bend the light entering the eyes and make the image of the fundus clear.
The main component of the lens is protein, and protein is easily influenced by the outside world, such as the egg white turns white when heated. Lens degeneration, mainly from transparency to opacity, is called cataract in medicine, which is the main eye disease that causes blindness and is particularly harmful to the vision of the elderly. The preventive measures vary according to the etiology and pathology, and can be divided into congenital and acquired types according to the etiology. Acquired cataract can be divided into senile, complex and traumatic, so the prevention methods are different.
Congenital cataract is mainly caused by heredity and maternal pregnancy. Common patients include maternal nutrition or metabolic disorder during pregnancy, virus infection, drug poisoning and so on. If the mother is infected with rubella within 2 months, the incidence of rubella cataract in her children can reach 10%, and the mother can reach 50% after 3 months of infection. Therefore, during pregnancy, especially in the embryonic eye formation stage of the first three months, mothers should avoid diseases such as colds, fever, rubella and urticaria, and do not use drugs casually, so as not to affect the fetus. Prohibition of consanguineous marriage can effectively prevent the occurrence of hereditary congenital cataract.
The incidence of senile cataract is very high. According to statistics, the incidence rate of 50-60 years old is 60-70%, and it can reach 80% over 70 years old. It is usually binocular disease, which is mostly caused by physiological aging, disorder of lens nutrition and metabolism, genetic factors and natural conditions of living environment. In addition, the lack of vitamin C, the change of the PH value of the lens and the infiltration of some toxic substances into the lens can all cause protein degeneration of the lens. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, the formation and development of senile cataract are related to yin deficiency. Yin deficiency includes deficiency of essence, blood and body fluid, which will make the lens lose nutrition and become turbid. Epidemiological investigation in China shows that the incidence of cataract in plateau and south China is much higher than that in plain and north China. This is because too much ultraviolet radiation affects the redox process of the lens and promotes its protein degeneration. In view of the above factors, preventive measures should be taken. For example, pay attention to aftercare in life, eat less cock, fried chicken and other foods that dispel wind and help fire and hurt yin, and eat more vegetables and fruits and foods with high vitamin C and E contents.
Complex cataract is caused by systemic diseases or eye diseases. Systemic diseases caused by endocrine disorders are most likely to be complicated with cataracts. Diabetes and hypothyroidism, which are common in clinic, are the most typical examples. Inflammation or other pathological reactions occur in the tissues around the lens, and its metabolites can affect the normal metabolism of the lens and make the lens capsule turbid. The primary diseases that cause complicated cataract include keratitis, uveitis, glaucoma, high myopia, choroiditis, retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal detachment and so on. Therefore, the prevention of complicated cataract mainly lies in the prevention of systemic diseases and eye diseases related to cataract. It is necessary to make a clear diagnosis as soon as possible after illness and carry out timely and effective treatment. If you have diabetes, you should carefully control your diet and keep your blood sugar within the normal range as much as possible. Suffering from chronic uveitis, we should actively find the cause, completely control the inflammation, adhere to treatment, prevent recurrence and avoid adverse effects on lens metabolism.
Traumatic cataract is mostly caused by eye trauma. Such as penetrating injury of eyeball, rupture of lens capsule, infiltration of aqueous humor into lens, cortical protein turbidity, etc. Eye contusion, through aqueous humor conduction, external force acts on the lens, causing capsule rupture and degeneration, or lens fiber rupture and turbidity. Electroconvulsive cataracts, radioactive cataracts and some toxic cataracts can also be classified as traumatic cataracts. Prevention methods should start with children, and educate children not to play with sharp weapons, toys that are easy to hurt their eyes, and fireworks to avoid eye trauma. Once an eye injury occurs, it should be sent to the hospital in time. Adults should always pay attention to protecting their eyes in their work and life. Machinists and smelters should pay attention to safe operation and wear protective glasses to avoid all kinds of mechanical and radioactive damage to eyes. Technicians who have been in contact with or engaged in microwave work for a long time should wear anti-microwave glasses.