Sun Guangnai is a lovely antique. Said he was an antique because he was a veteran of the three dynasties in the late Qing dynasty; He is cute because he is not a stubborn old man. To a certain extent, on some issues, his thoughts can keep pace with the times and play a very good role. Nai, male, 1827, from Shouxian County, Anhui Province. He successfully passed the imperial examination. 24 years old, first in the imperial examination. However, there were so many strong players at that time that it was impossible to decide who should be the No.1 scholar, so Emperor Xianfeng had to decide and conduct an interview. When Sun Guang was inspected, the emperor asked him to write a couplet to praise the Qing Dynasty. Sun Guang naicai agile, easily wrote:
Hundreds of millions of years devoted to rope, Shun Tianxin, Kang Minyi, and his body, watching his actions, his family all over Kyushu, Daodi Weixi as Yao Shun;
Over the past 200 years, it has been full of vitality, brilliant achievements, great achievements, upright and upright, flat in the wild, covered with colorful clouds, and the sun, moon and stars shine brilliantly.
This couplet skillfully writes Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng, and flatters home. However, it can be seen from this pair of couplets that Sun Guang's ability to control China's square characters has reached perfection. When Emperor Xianfeng was happy, Sun Guang became the top scholar. Since then, Nai's career has flourished. From 1878, Sun Guang Nye worked as a teacher for Emperor Guangxu for 20 years. The old gentleman's ideas are not rigid. He agreed with Kang Youwei's thought and behavior of political reform, and participated in the reform and political reform of "strengthening the society". During the period of 1898, Sun Guang served as the official minister, co-organizer and minister of educational administration of the university, and was responsible for the establishment of Shi Jing University Hall. He believes that foreigners "have schools all over the country", so "their power has gone overseas", which is quite profound.
The mission of Sun Guang Shi Jing University Hall is: "Middle school is the mainstay, supplemented by western learning;" Middle school is the body and western learning is the use; If the middle school is not prepared, it is necessary to make up for western learning; If you get lost in middle school, you should use western learning to return; Western learning is included in middle schools, and western learning cannot override middle schools. " At that time, Sun Guang was 72 years old, and it was not easy to realize the important position of western learning.
After determining the above-mentioned school-running objectives, Sun Guang has also determined a series of reasonable and persistent school-running policies, such as "taking discipline as learning", "strictly teaching and learning", "carefully compiling teaching materials", "carefully selecting students" and "matching learning with application". Empress Dowager Cixi stifled the reform, killing and dismissing the officials involved in the reform, but she was lenient with Sun Guang, which was related to his tactfulness and prudence in being an official. Sun Guangnai also wrote a pair of couplets. The first part is "If you want to learn, ask if you want to know", and the second part is "Keep your mouth shut". The bottom line of these eight words is to be an official, so that Sun Guang Nye did not capsize in the political storm, and Shi Jing University Hall was preserved, probably related to the first president Sun Guang Nye (then called "Minister of Management"). However, surrounded by diehard forces, Sun Guang's life was not easy, so he made a bold retreat, took a long vacation and retired.
Sun Guang Nye was the president of Shi Jing University for only 380 days. Shortly after he left his post, a major event happened when Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, and the Imperial University Hall was almost paralyzed. 1902, Zhang Baixi was appointed as "Minister of Management". He was actually the second president of Shi Jing University Hall.
Zhang Baixi (1847— 1907), a native of Changsha, Hunan Province, was a scholar in 1874. This official is quite different from Sun Guang's personality. In modern language, he is a real "temperament middleman", suitable for being an official, but not suitable for being an official. The 60th birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi 1894. From the Forbidden City to the Summer Palace, she set up colorful sheds everywhere, planting flowers and having fun, which was extravagant and wasteful. All flatterers attach great importance to it. Cecilia Cheung, on the other hand, dared to beat Emperor Guangxu and opposed this birthday celebration, wasting people and money. It can be seen that he is an upright and dare to speak.
From 65438 to 0900, Zhang Baixi was sent to England as an "envoy", which made him have a deep understanding of the backwardness of China and the development of western countries. To change this gap, only by developing education and cultivating talents. In order to hire the head teacher of Shi Jing University, Zhang Baixi, after many investigations, thinks that this position belongs to Wu Rulun, the leader of Tongcheng School. Wu Rulun was born in 1840. He was a scholar in Tongzhi period and an admirer of Zeng Guofan, and was called "one of the four sons of Zengmen". Faced with Cecilia Cheung's employment, Wu Rulun refused to hire him on the grounds that he was "too old to learn". To this end, regardless of his position as a high-ranking official, Cecilia Cheung couldn't afford to kneel before Wu Rulun, saying, "I seek advice for the whole country. When I am a national student, my husband can't get out, such as China?" Cecilia Cheung is more sincere than Liu Bei's trip to Shanzhai. Wu Rulun was moved and had to apply. Cecilia Cheung made great contributions to the reform of the official system, finance, abolishing the imperial examination system, hosting the Imperial University, and establishing the Medical Translation Institute. However, it was difficult to accommodate Geng Jie in the officialdom, and Cecilia Cheung was finally excluded, so that the hall of Shi Jing University was in chaos.
1979, Gu Jiegang recalled the situation in Peking University in the article "Mr. Cai Yuanpei and the May Fourth Movement": "Most students are bureaucrats and children of big landlords, and some students spend 5,000 silver dollars a year; Of course, there are not many such rich children, only about two or three. As for people who spend thousands of dollars a year, there are at least dozens. People like me who can only get two or three hundred silver dollars a year from home to go to school are poor students. There is no place in the school. Some rich children, holding pages, playing mahjong and eating Hua San, play famous roles and have no interest in reading. At that time, there was a bad phenomenon in Peking University: some rich teachers and students took rickshaws to "Eight Hutong" (Hanjiatan area outside Heping Gate) after dinner. Therefore, the bad phenomenon that "two houses and one hall" are the best customers of brothels ("two houses" refers to the Senate and the House of Representatives, and "one hall" refers to Shi Jing University Hall) has been preserved since the late Qing Dynasty. At that time, there was a bad atmosphere among students, that is, "making ten brothers." "What is' ten brothers'? That is, ten like-minded students become sworn brothers. After graduation, everyone goes to be an official. Whoever has a big official, the other nine will be his section chief and secretary, which is tight. " Happiness is shared. "If this official is bought from a warlord or a big bureaucrat, then the drilling fee will be divided among ten people."
Among these uneducated teachers, there are not only China people, but also many foreigners. It was not until 19 17 that Cai Yuanpei became the president of Peking University that this cigar smoking situation was fundamentally improved.