Myanmar is located in the southeast of Asia and the west of Indochina Peninsula. The north and northeast are bordered by China, Tibet and Yunnan. The border between China and Myanmar is about 2 185 km, of which the Yunnan-Myanmar section is 1997 km. Laos and Thailand are adjacent to the east, and the length of the Myanmar-Thailand border is 1799 km and 238 km respectively. The west borders India and Bangladesh; It borders the Andaman Sea in the south and the Bay of Bengal in the southwest, with a total coastline of 2,655 kilometers.

Second, the climate characteristics

Myanmar has a tropical monsoon climate. Most of its territory is tropical south of the Tropic of Cancer, and a small part is subtropical north of the Tropic of Cancer. The mountains and plateaus around the eastern, northern and western parts of Myanmar are like a barrier, which blocks the cold air from the Asian continent from going south in winter, while the warm and humid air flow from the Indian Ocean can be unimpeded in the south because there are no mountains to block it. Myanmar has a good ecological environment and few natural disasters.

There is little change in temperature in Myanmar throughout the year, and the average temperature in Leng Yue (65438+1October) is 20℃-25℃. The average temperature in the hottest months (April and May) is 25℃-30℃. The temperature is not high all year round.

There is abundant rainfall, which is mainly concentrated in June, July and August when the southwest monsoon prevails, followed by May, September and June, with 5438+ 10. The annual rainfall in most areas is more than 4000mm, and the rain shadow area in the middle is less than 1000mm, which is an arid area in Myanmar. The rainfall in May-65438+10 accounts for about 90%-95% of the annual rainfall. Due to the influence of monsoon, Myanmar can be divided into hot season (March to mid-May), rainy season (mid-May to 65438+1October) and cool season (165438+1October to February of the following year).

Three. natural resource

1, mineral resources

Myanmar is rich in mineral resources, including oil, natural gas, tungsten, tin, lead, silver, nickel, antimony, gold, iron, chromium and jade.

Oil is one of the important economic resources in Myanmar. It is mainly distributed in Ren 'angyang, Shaobu, Xingu, Ren 'anjia, Lanyo, Minbu, Palanyon, Yodaya, Dandai, Bidaobin, Renmaan, Yingdao, Yanbiao (Langli Island) and the southern islands of Sittwe in the middle and lower reaches of the Irrawaddy River. According to the energy assessment report of Asian Development Bank, there are 104 oil and gas exploration blocks in Myanmar, including 53 inland exploration blocks and 5 offshore exploration blocks. According to the measurement results, there are about 65.438+0.6 billion barrels of oil and 20. 1. 1 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.

2. Forest resources

Myanmar is one of the countries with the widest forest distribution in the world. During the period of 1994, the total forest area in Myanmar (including 43% closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and 30% sparse forests) was 34.42 million hm2, accounting for about 5 1% of the total land area, and the forest coverage rate was about 52.3%.

Myanmar is rich in forest resources. By the mid-1990s, 65,438+0,347 tall tree species, 7,465,438+0 small trees, 65,438+0,696 shrubs, 96 bamboo plants, 36 lianas and 8,465,438+0 flower plants had been discovered. Of the 2088 tree species, 85 are used for wood production for various purposes.

The forest coverage rate in 20 10 is 4 1%, mainly distributed in the north, west and south. The mountains in central Bo Gu are the main producing areas of teak. There are 2300 kinds of forests in Myanmar, including 1200 kinds of trees. 60% of teak reserves in the world and 75% of teak in the international market are produced in Myanmar. Rich in ebony, shrubs, chicken wings, iron plows, rosewood, rosewood and other hardwoods and precious hardwoods, the potential annual output of hardwoods is about 6.5438+0.3 million tons. In addition, Myanmar is rich in bamboo and rattan resources. There are 97 species of bamboo, covering an area of 9,630 square kilometers, mainly distributed in Rakhine State and central Myanmar. There are 32 species of rattan, with an annual output of about 76 million, mainly distributed in Kachin and Shan States. There are vines and red vines, and there are only a few exits.

3. Water resources

There are many rivers in Myanmar. The main rivers are Irrawaddy River, salween River, Qindun River and Mekong River, with tributaries all over the country. The Irrawaddy River, salween and Mekong River all originate in China. Irrawaddy River is the largest river in Myanmar, with a drainage area of 430,000 square kilometers, abundant water and gentle flow. From north to south, it flows through six provinces including Kachin State, Mandalay and Yangon, and finally flows into the Indian Ocean from Yangon, with a total length of 2,200 kilometers and a total drop of 4,768 meters. The average ratio of the whole river has dropped to 2. 13‰, and the average discharge at the estuary is 13. Salween is the second longest river in Myanmar, starting from Luxi, Yunnan, and entering Myanmar. 1.660 km in Myanmar, with a drainage area of about 205,000 square kilometers. It passed through Shan State, Karen State, Karen State and Mon State, and finally fell into the Indian Ocean from Motama Bay. Mekong River enters Myanmar from Xishuangbanna and mainly flows through the borders of Shan State, Myanmar, Laos and Thailand.

Fourth, culture.

1, religion

Sangha is respected throughout Myanmar. Hinayana Buddhism was introduced to Myanmar in the third century BC, and became a common belief of Myanmar residents in the eleventh century BC, which continues to this day. At that time, Anulutuo followed the advice of the monk Arhat, ruled out the Ali Sect, and decided to make Hinayana Buddhism the state religion.

In Myanmar, boys generally have to shave their heads, which is considered a virtue, so that there will be successors in the Buddhist cause. It is an honor for children to become "adults" and be respected by society. There are generally three forms for children to shave: a single family to shave; Several families banded together to shave their children; Shave children's heads in government departments, streets, schools or markets.

2. Language

Burmese belongs to the Tibetan-Burmese language family under the Sino-Tibetan language family. Residents make a living by farming; Ancient culture was deeply influenced by Indian culture in religion, literature and political system. Represented by the Bagan Dynasty, it was built at the beginning of 1 1 century, with Bagan as its capital. The art of sculpture and painting is quite developed by setting up administrative agencies and enacting laws; And replaced Pali and Sanskrit with self-created Burmese, which became the official text of the scriptures. Pagoda architecture is represented by Jiusujigang Pagoda.

Step 3 prescribe diet

Myanmar is rich in rice, and the people take rice as their staple food. For breakfast, we often eat "Mohenka", coconut noodles, coconut porridge, cold noodles, cold rice noodles and various cakes and snacks made of glutinous rice, coconut and sugar.

Burmese people have the habit of drinking morning tea. People drink coffee, milk tea and eat snacks in teahouses. Such as buttered bread, jam, cheese, meat buns, fried dough sticks and oil cakes, but also like to drink fish fillet soup, duck porridge and so on.

Burmese people are frugal in diet. Fish and shrimp paste, peppers, boiled beans and pickled cabbage leaf soup are often used to accompany meals. Burmese cuisine pays attention to oil, spicy, fragrant, fresh, sour and salty. Macro-adjustment methods mainly include frying, roasting, frying and cooling. Fried food is easy to store,

Cold salad does not need to be heated, and it can also dispel the heat. Myanmar is close to the sea, with many rivers and rich fish and shrimp, which is easy to catch. There are many foods made of fish and shrimp in Myanmar. Burmese people like to pickle bamboo shoots into sour bamboo shoots and fry them with other vegetables and meat, which is delicious.

The tastes of Burmese people are sour, spicy, light and not greasy, similar to those of China and Sichuan. Chili oil is usually needed on the table. I like to eat chicken, duck, fish, shrimp, shrimp sauce and fish sauce, and I like curry, which is slightly sweet, and it is best to mix it with tomatoes. Besides eating ordinary vegetables, people also like to cook with fruits. For example, sliced mango, with bean powder, shrimp, shrimp sauce, onion and fried pepper seeds, tastes sour, salty, spicy and fresh.

4. Custom

Burmese people don't have surnames, so they usually put an article in front of their names to show their gender, age, identity and status. Young men call themselves "looks" (meaning younger brother) to show modesty. They call themselves "looks" to the younger generation or teenagers, "Guo" to their peers or brothers, and "Wu" to their elders or people in position. For example, a person named Angji is called Angji, and with the change of age and status, he is called Angji, Guo Angji or Wu Angji.

Myanmar women, whether married or not, usually add "horse" before their names to show modesty. It is also called "Ma" (meaning girl) for the younger generation or peers, and "Du" (meaning aunt, aunt, aunt) for the elders or people with status. If there is a woman named Dan Min, people can call her Ma Danmin or Du Danmin according to her age and social status. She calls herself Ma Danmin.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) famous tourist attractions

Shwedagon Pagoda 1

Shwedagon Pagoda is the most representative scenic spot in Yangon, with a height of110m. It is located on a hill in the city and its surface is plated with 72 tons of gold. The top of the tower is inlaid with nearly 3000 carats of precious stones. The whole building complex is magnificent, dazzling under the sunlight. Legend has it that there are two brothers, a businessman who has preserved eight Buddha's hairs and built it with a history of 2500 years.

2. Gandaoji Royal Taihu Lake

Among the tall acacia and palm trees, the Royal Great Lake is embedded in the center of Yangon like a green emerald, and the golden pagoda stands on the hill in the west of the lake. To the east of the lake is the beautiful Callaway Palace, and Hubei is the tree-lined Aung San Park. The lakeside is surrounded by wooden corridors, which is a good place for walking and enjoying the beautiful scenery of the lakeside. Hubei has a wide teak platform, which is an excellent place to overlook and photograph the Shwedagon Pagoda and Callaway Palace. Here, you can also watch the beautiful sunrise and intoxicating sunset reflected in the lake.

3. Mosaic lake

Located in the north of Yangon, the lake is wide and clear. The lake is covered with trees, green grass and flowers, and there are many parks by the lake. It is not only a place for citizens to rest, but also a popular choice for couples to fall in love.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Myanmar