Wang Yangming's knowledge all his life comes from practice.
When he was young, he trusted Zhu's theoretical system very much and practiced it step by step according to Zhu's ideological theory. But his failure with his friends made him realize that Zhu's theory was not perfect, so he constantly revised Zhu's theory and put forward his own theoretical system.
About "Wu Ge"
Wang Yangming believes that "Wu Ge" is an inner singer, from the inside out. He taught that "things" are things and "where meaning lies", so "things are things, and meaningful things must have their own things, and meaningful things are called things." (Wang Shouren "University Question") and "The master of the body is the heart; What the heart sends out is meaning; The ontology of meaning is knowledge; Meaning is a thing. Happiness lies in the parent, that is, the parent is one thing; It means to be a gentleman, that is, a gentleman is a thing ... so some people say that there is no reason outside, and there is nothing outside. " (Wang Shouren's "Internship")
This kind of "Wu Ge" keeps the mind noumenon in a pure state all the time, and makes the noumenon in a pure state of goodness and innocence, which is called "stop at the best" in The University, and the value of "Wu Ge" is classified as "stop at the best".
The above "meaning" can be understood as intention, direction and idea. When people are thinking, their intentions will have intentional objects, but what Wang values is not intentional objects, but the idea of pointing to intentional objects.
Let's take the marriage between men and women as an example. When both men and women are planning to get married, they have an idea at this time. This concept is the concept of action, which can dominate people's behavior. Therefore, it can be interpreted as: when there is intention, the concept should be kept pure and kind, and the behavior issued by the concept will be pure, kind and evil.
In Wang Yangming's eyes, "meaning" and "behavior" are inevitably related. When the goodness of ideas is pushed to the extreme, it will inevitably lead to the goodness of behavior. Therefore, he attaches great importance to the budding ideas at present, and the process of correcting them must be based on thinking kung fu.
That is, people should not only expand their existing good feelings, but also get rid of and correct evil thoughts.
In addition, Wang Yangming also insisted that people have good knowledge and ability, and people can naturally know right and wrong, good and evil. He said: "The right person is also right, just because he is wrong." Those who are right and wrong are also called evil. That's right. Let's hear it. "(Wang Shouren's" University Question ") So:" The style of things, such as Mencius' "style" of "big personality and big mind", that is, in addition to the unhealthy heart, take the whole body as the right. But the idea is to get rid of all grievances, that is, to maintain justice or remain poor. Heaven is' Mingde' and poverty is' Mingde'. " (Wang Shouren's Biography) means to interpret things as business and heart.
In Wang Yangming's eyes, it is to get rid of evil and return to good, and to get rid of people's conscience of wanting to save righteousness.
About "Zhi Zhi"
Wang Yangming's understanding of "knowledge" is different from that of his predecessors. He believes that "knowledge" is "conscience" and "knowledge" is "to conscience".
He said: "The heart will naturally know, the father will naturally know filial piety, the younger brother will naturally know brothers, and the son will naturally know compassion when he enters the well. This is conscience, seek fortune for oneself is not fake. " (Biography of Wang Shouren) He further clearly pointed out that conscience is the heart of right and wrong. He said: "Conscience is just a heart of right and wrong, right and wrong are just likes and dislikes, so we have to do evil to do right and wrong, but if we don't do it, everything will change." (Wang Shouren's "Internship")
It can be seen that Wang believes that conscience is just an innate moral value judgment standard.
Yes, it is the most just. Wang Yangming said: "To the person, to also, like a cloud caused by sorrow." Yi says "the meaning of knowledge", and those who know "knowledge" know; Those who are' supreme' are also. Those who' know the clouds' do not enrich their knowledge, which makes my heart and conscience deaf. "(Wang Shouren" University Question ")
"Knowledge" means "conscience", which follows the conscience and extends it to things. He said: "The so-called governor has made my conscience do things. Conscience in the heart is the so-called justice. If things are important to my conscience, then everything is important. " (Wang Shouren's "Internship")
To sum up, there is no difference between Wang Yangming's thought of "learning from others" and "learning from others".