2) Abbreviation symbols, physical and chemical properties and chemical reactions of amino acids, the concept, form and characteristics of protein molecular structure, the steps of protein primary structure determination, the physical and chemical properties of protein, the methods of separation, purification and purity identification, the denaturation of protein, and the relationship between protein structure and function;

3) Composition, structure and properties of nucleotides, chemical composition and classification of nucleic acids, concepts and characteristics of primary, secondary and tertiary structures of DNA and RNA, extreme proof of biological function of DNA, classification and biological function of RNA, physical and chemical properties of nucleic acids, principles and methods of nucleic acid sequence determination;

4) The concept of enzyme, its naming and classification, its structure and activity, its action mechanism, its preparation and activity determination, its reaction kinetics (derivation of Michaelis equation), factors affecting its reaction, allozyme and solid.

Basic concepts and applications of immobilized enzyme, isoenzyme, antibody enzyme and ribozyme;

5) Classification and properties of vitamins, active forms and physiological functions of various vitamins, active groups and catalytic modes of coenzyme (auxiliary group), classification of hormones, chemical essence of hormones, synthesis and secretion of hormones, structures and functions of common hormones (thyroxine, adrenaline, insulin, glucagon), and mechanism of action of hormones;