Abstract: The western development in American history has achieved great success, but it is difficult to evaluate the western development in China history (before 1949).
The development of the western region in American history arose under capitalist conditions, while the development of the western region in China history was carried out within the framework of feudal system. beautiful
The western development in the history of China is the necessity of economic development, while the western development in the history of China is mostly for political purposes. Western Development in American History
The western development in China's history belongs to the category of small-scale peasant economy. Therefore, the outcome of western development in China and the United States is also very different.
Same.
[Keywords:] China; United States; Western development
Both China and the United States have vast "western" territories, which are historically
A large-scale "western development" movement has arisen, but China and the United States
There are many differences in the "western development". History of the United States
The development of the western region has achieved great success in the world, and the "western region" in China's history
It is difficult for the Ministry of Development to make such an evaluation. In a sense, China and the United States.
The "Western Development" in China's history is still comparable. In American history,
The western development model has typical capitalist characteristics, while the history of China
The "western development" in the world has a strong feudal nature and is of great significance to both China and the United States.
The real significance of the comparative study of "western development" in history lies in
Therefore, through the comparative analysis of the reasons for its success or failure, some laws are revealed.
Things, so as to better serve reality.
At present, the academic circles in China are talking about the western development of China and the United States.
Quite a lot. As far as the western development of the United States is concerned, we should learn its politics.
The experience at the policy level, more importantly, should study its institutional background.
We should have a deep understanding of this problem. In ...
As far as the "western development" in China's history is concerned, it is of course necessary to understand the dynasties.
Generation of the basic historical facts, but more importantly, there should be a systematic concept.
We must examine and grasp it as a whole, so as to explore its essential characteristics.
The "Western Development" in the history of China has its particularity.
Uniqueness should be discussed from the aspects of system and culture.
one
The western development of the United States is carried out under capitalist conditions.
Dominated by the laws of capitalist economy.
There is a reason why the "westward movement" in the United States rose at the end of 18.
Yes 1776 ——1783 The American War of Independence overthrew British colonization.
Rule, won the national independence, won the "frontier" and economic power for the United States.
Westward advancement has created favorable preconditions. 1787 US Federal Constitution
The law formally established democracy and political power and stipulated the capitalist system.
Degree, and then provide institutional guarantee for the future development of the western region.
We can't ignore the works of 1787 constitution when studying the development of the western United States.
Therefore, the constitution of 1787 embodies the American people's pursuit of democracy and freedom.
The concept of independence and equality, it has strong attraction and cohesion, it
It ensured the long-term stability of American political situation, thus creating a new situation of western development.
Created a good political environment. In particular, despite the United States
China is a new country established on the basis of colony, and its capital owner.
Righteousness is also transplanted from Europe, but there is more capitalism in the United States.
Europe is not so feudal, which is the uniqueness of the development of the western United States.
It is also one of the main reasons for its rapid development.
The western development of the United States occurred and developed with the industrial revolution.
Exhibition. On the one hand, the industrial revolution provided a powerful impetus for the development of the western region.
On the other hand, it also provides an effective tool and grasper for the western development.
Duan. Taking railways as an example, American railway construction developed rapidly in the19th century.
By the end of 19, the total length of American railways ranked first in the world. United States of America
Our railway has become the main artery connecting east and west, which has promoted reunification.
The formation of the big market has effectively promoted the economic development of the western region. iron
The road itself is the product of the industrial revolution, so in a sense,
Without the industrial revolution, it would be difficult for the United States to achieve such great development in the west.
Achievement. 〔 1〕
Another important event that has an important impact on the development of the western United States.
This is a civil war. During the civil war, the federal government in order to mobilize people
The people took part in the war against the rebellion in the south and successively introduced a series of preferential policies.
Measures to develop the western region. After the war, slaves in southern plantations
The abolition of the system, the liberation of a large number of labor forces, the northern free economic system
It can be widely promoted throughout the country, and more importantly, the realization of the civil war.
The unification of the country has enhanced the authority of the federal government and ensured the implementation of policies.
The smooth implementation of the law.
/kloc-the great success of the development of the western United States in the 0 th and 9 th centuries also benefited from
Its unique natural and geographical conditions. The western United States has an excellent geographical position.
Vietnam is rich in natural resources, and almost no country in the world can match it.
Compared with America. Abundant natural resources constitute a huge economic development.
The potential and favorable surrounding environment enabled the United States to gather in the19th century.
Focus on developing the western economy.
The activities of "developing the frontier" in the history of China were carried out under the feudal system.
The background and framework obey and serve the feudal ruling order.
The level of interest and requirements.
The most typical feature of feudal system is centralization.
Under the rule of the system, the central government is aware of the local reality from politics, economy to culture.
Strict control, the people have almost no freedom and autonomy, and also
No democratic rights. Under this system, human nature is suppressed,
Distorted, people's creativity is difficult to play, and the whole society lacks vitality.
There can be no great economic development.
The centralized rule in feudal society also bred corruption, bureaucracy,
Formalism and a series of incurable diseases and tumors eventually led to the whole
Serious social injustice and inefficiency, disparity between the rich and the poor, class contradictions.
Intensified, political turmoil. Another twin brother of feudal society is
It is dominated by the rule of man, which is higher than the rule of law. It is not a system that binds people, but
It is people who change the system at will, and there are too many human factors. Due to the lack of a
Fair and stable political environment, lack of institutional and legal protection, economy
Developmental behavior is difficult to last.
From the specific situation, since the Qin Dynasty, China's dynasties have been in the middle.
Centralization and autocratic rule continued to strengthen and reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty.
The point is. This pyramid-shaped political body with long-term super control
There are two serious consequences: one is that the economy is subordinate to politics, and the other is official.
Commercial joint monopoly economy. In this environment, there is no relationship between people.
Equal status, no level playing field and no free trade.
Conditions, people's enthusiasm for production is not high, and economic development lacks internal motivation.
Force, the development of the western region is also difficult to have greater improvement.
The author believes that the key to the success or failure of western development lies in institutional innovation.
Because the system determines the mode and road of western development, it is problematic.
Not at all. Of course, foreign experience can only be used for reference, not completely.
Dynamic, because the national conditions of China and the United States are very different, but in any case,
We should never ignore the profound lessons of history.
two
China and the United States have different motives and purposes for developing the western region. Americans
The development of the western region is carried out from the bottom up, with spontaneity, mass and
Profit-seeking is driven by human freedom and wealth, capital and profit.
The pursuit of it has strong vitality and durability.
From a deeper perspective, the western development of the United States is capitalist development.
The inevitable result. Capitalism has had a strong expansion since its birth.
Zhang Hang, this is determined by the nature of capital and developed by itself.
Need, the essence of capital is to realize value-added. From the concrete at that time
As far as the current situation is concerned, the western United States has a vast virgin land and a very rich self.
However, resources are a paradise for capital appreciation.
From a cultural point of view, the United States is a restless country.
A country that dares to take risks and make progress. Americans
Oppose conservatism and complacency, dare to accept challenges and be good at creating new challenges.
Life; They have a strong desire to conquer and curiosity, and they are reasonable.
Yes, in pursuit of wealth and freedom, they are indomitable and indomitable.
This energetic national spirit provides inexhaustible resources for the westward movement.
Spiritual motivation. 〔3〕
From a policy point of view, the federal government of the United States in order to solve financial problems.
Income, expand territory, develop the western economy, and launch a series of concessions.
Policies, these policies have become the most powerful booster for the development of the western region.
In the history of China, western development was mostly carried out from top to bottom.
For military and political purposes of border defense. 〔4〕
Due to the important strategic position of the border areas, feudal kings of past dynasties
North Korea and local governments attach great importance to the development and utilization of the frontier, but this
Development is not only an economic behavior, but also a military test.
Worried. In short, the "western development model" in the history of China is basically
A "military-driven" rather than "economic-driven" model, its policies
The formulation mainly focuses on "preparing the border" and "guaranteeing the border".
The above western development model determines the western region in China's history.
Development cannot follow objective economic laws, and economic development activities are inevitable.
It is predatory, destructive and unsustainable. When the central government is consolidated,
When the rulers are more enlightened, development activities may make great progress, but
That is, once the political situation or policies of the central government change, this development activity will be terminated and terminated.
Fruit development activities not only failed to achieve any results, but caused labor.
The waste of resources and the deterioration of ecological environment have caused serious problems.
Good result.
"Western Development" and the backward feudal economy in China's history
Contact and development activities are not the objective necessity of economic development, nor are they people.
Voluntary profit-seeking behavior, the people have great passivity. Therefore, West
Ministry development lacks internal motivation, and it is even more difficult to persevere.
three
The western development of the United States is based on commodity economy.
Yes, the market mechanism is the main way of resource allocation. Capitalist classics
Economy is a developed commodity economy, and the biggest feature of commodity economy is everything.
Economic activities are related to the market, which is the main body of resource allocation.
Form. Market mechanism, as the main way of resource allocation, is in a specific
In this period and condition, the rational flow and high efficiency of production factors can be realized.
Form, in most of the western development, the United States was in free capital.
In the socialist stage, the state mainly increases economic life through policy means.
With guidance, regulation and encouragement, the intensity and scope of government intervention are also there.
Limited, resource allocation mainly depends on the market. (5) From the actual effect.
Look, the market allocation of resources in the development of the western region of the United States is very suitable.
The national conditions of the United States have greatly mobilized the production of people and enterprises.
Polarity will bring capital and technology, manpower and talents from Eastern Europe and Europe.
Quickly combined with the rich natural resources in the west, forming a huge
Productivity has made the western development a great success.
The western development in China's history belongs to the category of small-scale peasant economy.
Lack of commodity economy factors. As an important economic activity in feudal society
Dynamically, the western development in China's history is not mainly related to the market.
But to meet the needs of border guards, which is self-sufficient.
Moreover, in the history of our country, the main means of western development are manpower and livestock.
Guided by force, it is very primitive and backward; Development content is mainly agricultural development,
Very single. In the history of China, many factors have determined the development of the western region.
It is difficult to get out of the cycle of low cycle unsustainable. 〔6〕
Feudal society is the institutional root of small-scale peasant economy. Small-scale peasant economy is not
Not only at the institutional level, but also at the cultural level.
Long-term feudal autocratic rule has caused people's ideological complacency.
Rigid and conservative, content with the status quo, lack of pioneering spirit. This kind of small farmer
Thought and small-scale peasant consciousness have seriously restricted economic development and "western development"
"Law" lacks strong spiritual motivation.
In short, the reasons for the success or failure of the "western development" in Chinese and American history
It is very complicated, but the most fundamental thing is the development model determined by the system.
Different from the development path, [7] the United States and the capitalist western development
And industrialization, China's western development and feudalism.
Agriculture and economy are linked, and their outcomes are naturally quite different.
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