(1) The idle rate of leased electric vehicles is much lower than that of private electric vehicles.

(2) The frequency of using rental electric vehicles in Guizhou, Shanxi and Sichuan is obviously higher than the national average.

(3) Guangzhou and Tianjin concentrate on using some leased electric vehicles.

(4) The monthly mileage of rented electric vehicles in Shandong and Tianjin is obviously lower than the national average.

(5) The average power consumption per 100 kilometers of leased electric vehicles in China is12.6 kW h/100 km.

(6) The frequency of bicycle use of rented electric vehicles is 6 times a day on average, which is higher than that of private electric vehicles.

Survey sample introduction:

The sample of this survey is 65,438+0,000 electric private passenger cars and electric rental passenger cars, including BEV and PHEV, randomly selected from 30 regions except Xizang Autonomous Region in March, 1965, respectively, from ten different brands of new energy vehicles. The sample data fields used include: driving days this month, driving times this month, driving times in rush hour this month, driving times on holidays this month, total driving mileage this month, total driving power consumption this month, energy consumption of 100 kilometers this month, and the number of times that a single driving exceeds 60% of the nominal full-charge cruising range this month.

Regional distribution of leased electric vehicles and private electric vehicles

Due to the different levels of economic and cultural development, the acceptance of new energy vehicles in different regions is different, which leads to the strong geographical distribution characteristics of electric vehicles, and the proportion of rented electric vehicles and private electric buses in different regions is not the same. The results show that the regional distribution basically conforms to the characteristics that electric vehicles are mainly concentrated in southeast provinces and cities, and different provinces and regions can be roughly divided into four categories:

Areas dominated by private passenger cars: Anhui, Shanghai, Jiangxi, Henan, Hebei and other areas with developed economy and consumption.

Areas that mainly hire buses: mainly some provinces with developed tourism, such as Fujian, Hainan and Guizhou.

There are many private buses and rented buses: these areas are often coastal provinces with developed economy and early opening up, such as Guangdong Province and Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces.

Areas with few private passenger cars and rented passenger cars: These areas are mostly inland areas, and there are many northeast and Sichuan-Chongqing areas where automobile factories have been established, and the development of electric vehicle market is not sufficient.

Figure 1? Regional distribution of electric vehicles (rental cars in descending order)

Figure 2 Regional distribution of electric vehicles (private cars in descending order)

Among them, in terms of renting electric passenger cars, the number of rented electric cars in Shandong, Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hainan, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin and Guizhou accounted for 92.8% of the total number of vehicles surveyed; In terms of private electric passenger cars, private passenger cars in Anhui, Shandong, Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Hebei and Tianjin account for 92.7% of the survey samples.

Use/Idle of Leased Electric Vehicles and Private Electric Vehicles

The idle rate of renting electric vehicles is very low. As shown in Figure 3, 97.8% of rented electric vehicles have been used for more than 25 days per month. The box chart also shows that the median, upper limit and quarter overlap within 3 1 day, which means that 50% of the surveyed vehicles have been used every day in March; Three quarters of them are located in 30 days, which means that more than 75% of the rented electric vehicles have been used for more than 30 days in a month; The lower limit line is located in 28 days, and the minimum value is 10 days.

Fig. 3 Statistics of the number of days of use of rented electric vehicles in March 2065438+2009.

Private electric vehicles have a high idle rate. As shown in Figure 4, compared with renting electric vehicles, only 6 1.9% of private electric vehicles are used for more than 25 days every month. The block diagram shows that the median number of days for private cars is 29 days, and the number of days for three quarters is 23 days, which is lower than that for renting electric cars. The lower limit line is located at 1 1 day, which is also much lower than the 28 days of renting an electric car; The minimum value is 1 day, which means that some vehicles are idle for almost a whole month.

Figure 4 Statistics of private electric vehicle usage days in March 2065438+2009

On the whole, the idle rate of leased electric vehicles is much lower than that of private electric vehicles. Determined by the commercial operation attributes of leased electric vehicles, high utilization rate is the premise to ensure the profits of enterprises, which is consistent with the general recognition of the industry; However, a considerable number of private electric vehicles were idle for a long time in March, and such a high idle rate seems to be somewhat unexpected.

Usage of Rental Electric Vehicles in Different Regions of China

Because the number of rented electric vehicles in Shandong, Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hainan, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin and Guizhou accounts for 92.8% of the total number of vehicles surveyed, the sample size in other provinces is too small, which has a great impact on the randomness of sampling, so we only analyze the use of rented electric vehicles in this 10 area.

The frequency of using rental electric vehicles in Guizhou, Shanxi and Sichuan is significantly higher than the national average. As shown in Figure 5, from the average usage times, the average usage times of rented electric vehicles in Guizhou, Shanxi and Sichuan provinces are obviously higher than the national average 182 (shown by the black dotted line in the figure), especially in Guizhou, which has reached 264 times, indicating that the rented electric vehicles are used very frequently in this area.

The use of rental electric vehicles has strong regional differences. As shown in Figure 5, from the distribution of usage times, except for Guangdong and Tianjin, the usage times of rental electric vehicles in most areas are concentrated in March. The frequency density curve in Guangdong Province has two peaks, while the distribution in Tianjin has many extremes (the monthly usage of a few vehicles is much higher than that of other vehicles in this area).

Fig. 5 Analysis of the Use Times of Rental Electric Vehicles in March

The monthly mileage of rented electric vehicles in Shandong and Tianjin is obviously lower than the national average. As shown in Figure 6, from the average level, the mileage of Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang are all higher than the national average of 38,000 kilometers (shown by the black dotted line in the figure), while the average mileage of Shandong and Tianjin is obviously lower than the national average, and Shanxi and Sichuan are close to the average.

The monthly mileage distribution of rented electric vehicles in Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang is extremely uneven. As shown in Figure 6, in terms of mileage distribution, most provinces, such as Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, etc., except Guizhou, Shandong and Shanxi, are relatively concentrated and basically maintained at around 45,000 km,1.3,000 km and 34,000 km. There are great differences in mileage distribution.

Figure 6? Analysis of March mileage of rental electric vehicles in various regions

The average power consumption per 100 kilometers of leased electric vehicles in China is12.6 kw h/100 km. As shown in Figure 7, except for Fujian and Zhejiang, the average energy consumption per 100 kilometers is close to the median. The energy consumption of rented electric vehicles in Guangdong, Hainan and Jiangsu is around the national average of 12.6kWh, with the average values of 13.5kWh, 16kWh and 14.7kWh respectively. The distribution of energy consumption per 100 kilometers in Fujian presents two obvious peaks, which are located at 1 1.5 kWh and 16.5 kWh respectively. Guizhou and Shaanxi are concentrated near the national average; There are many extreme values in Sichuan and Tianjin, but they are generally near the average.

Figure 7? Analysis on Energy Consumption of Leased Electric Vehicles in March in Different Regions

The total energy consumption of renting electric vehicles in southeast China is high. As shown in Figure 8, in terms of total energy consumption, the average total energy consumption of Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan and Jiangsu is significantly higher than the national average of 492 kWh, reaching 650 kWh, 709 kWh, 768 kWh and 647 kWh respectively. Except for Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Hainan, the distribution of energy consumption in March is relatively concentrated; The median values of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangsu are less than their average values, and there is a big difference, and the density distribution presents two obvious peaks.

Fig. 8 Analysis of total energy consumption of electric vehicle rental in various regions in March

The frequency of bicycle use of rented electric vehicles is 6 times per day, which is higher than that of private electric vehicles. In terms of the number of trips, as shown in Figure 9, private electric vehicles traveled 148 times per bicycle on average in March, that is, 5 times a day for 30 days a month. In contrast, as shown in Figure 5, the average number of trips for renting electric vehicles in March was 182, that is, 6 trips per day.

Figure 9? Analysis on the Use Times of Private Electric Vehicles in Different Regions in March

Summary:

Rental electric vehicles are mainly used for long-term rental, time-sharing and other urban instant travel services, and are typical operating vehicles. We must improve the revenue and profit of leasing enterprises by improving the bicycle utilization rate of the fleet. In the above analysis, the utilization rate of rental electric vehicles is much higher than that of private electric vehicles, which effectively verifies the high-frequency usage characteristics of electric operating vehicles in the rental field.

Further breakdown of fleet operations across the country can also reveal some interesting phenomena. For example, the "total energy consumption" and "energy consumption per 100 kilometers" indicators of the rental electric vehicle fleet in Hainan Province rank first in the country, followed by Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangsu. The above cities are located in the southeast of China, and the temperature in March is higher than that in other provinces. Based on this, it should be preliminarily speculated that the main reason for this difference is the extra energy consumption caused by frequent use of air conditioners by automobiles. Of course, vehicle energy consumption is also related to many factors such as season, road conditions and driving habits. At present, it is impossible to conduct in-depth research based on the above data.

Taking Guizhou Province as an example, compared with other provinces, firstly, it has the national average electricity consumption of 100 kilometers; Second, the frequency and mileage of the fleet ranked first; The third is to concentrate the use frequency, mileage and energy consumption of all vehicles. What should be reflected behind this is the strong fleet scheduling and operation ability of local electric car rental enterprises in Guizhou. However, based on the above survey data, the specific details of fleet scheduling and operation are unknown, but at least we can find "excellent students" in the field of scheduling and operation for electric car rental enterprises all over the country through comparison, so as to set the promotion goal of fleet operation for our own enterprises in terms of bicycle utilization rate and bicycle energy consumption.

Figure | Network and related screenshots

About the author: Guo Jiahui, Ph.D. student of Tongji University.

This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.