20 13 the remains of Richard iii, the top ten archaeological discoveries in the world (Leicester, England)
Skeletal scoliosis is one of the reasons why archaeologists think it is the remains of Charles III.
Source: Leicester University.
20 12 September, the Archaeological Team (ULAS) of the University of Leicester, England found a human remains under a parking lot. The unearthed site, battle scars and deformed spine of this remains all seem to indicate that it is Charles III (1483? In place 1485). But the evidence is still insufficient. Richard, captain of the archaeological team? Richard Buckley responded:? We will certainly use appropriate scientific means to prove this. ? Therefore, these remains have also been tested, including radiocarbon dating, stable isotope analysis and bone morphology examination.
All the test results are consistent with the historical records. Finally, comparing the results with the direct blood relatives of Richard III, the problem was finally solved. Buckley announced:? There is no doubt that we can confirm that this is Richard III. ?
But soon after the identity of the remains was confirmed, another archaeological team announced that they had accurately located the Bosworth oil field. Richard ushered in the end of his life here. The newly determined battlefield position is one mile away from the original position. The unearthed cultural relics include a large number of weapons, shells and armor, as well as a silver badge. This badge probably belongs to a knight in Richard.
Whether in the mouth of historians or in Shakespeare's works, Richard III's body and mind are very distorted. But in the past 500 years, he has never received such attention as today. ? Of course, we can't make any judgment on his character. Buckley said,? Although this is what everyone wants to know most. ?
20 13 Ten Archaeological Discoveries of Homo erectus Skull (Magnesi, Georgia)
Archaeologists unearthed five ancient human skulls in Magnesi, Georgia.
Archaeologists unearthed five ancient human skulls in Magnesi, Georgia, and the last one was unearthed in 2005.
These five skulls indicate that there may be great differences between different individuals of Homo erectus.
Because of this discovery, scientists may consider re-dividing ancient humans from 180 to1500 thousand years ago.
Source: National Museum of Georgia
Archaeologists excavated an ancient human skull dating back to 654.38+800,000 years in Magnissi, Georgia. Paleoanthropologists have discovered that this skull may have rewritten the racial division of ancient humans. This is the fifth skull discovered by archaeologists in this 100 square foot area, which was unearthed in 2005. Although the shapes of these five skulls are quite different, scientists believe that they all belong to Homo erectus, the earliest ancient humans who migrated from Africa.
Finally, the skull was found. The skull is very small, only half the average size of modern people, while its face is relatively large. Christopher, a paleoanthropologist at the University of Zurich, Switzerland? Rykov pointed out that if the skull and facial bones were found in different regions, they would probably be classified into different races according to the current classification standards. There are also great differences between these five skulls, which shows that the appearance difference between individuals of Homo erectus is greater than many scientists think at present.
The history of these homo erectus skulls is about 150 to1800,000 years. According to Rykov, they may belong to the same race according to their shape and size. He explained that people always thought that the fossils unearthed in Africa before (also belonging to this period) belonged to homo habilis, H. rudolfensis and Homo ergaster. Maybe we should reconsider and classify them as Homo erectus.
20 13 History of Ancient Roman Architecture (Gabe, Italy)
In the ancient city of Gabe, outside Rome, archaeologists discovered the earliest large-scale masonry relics in ancient Rome.
In the ancient city of Gabe, outside Rome, archaeologists discovered the earliest large-scale masonry relics in ancient Rome.
Source: Anna Gallone/Gabii Project.
The ancient city of Gabe is located 1 1 mile east of Rome. Archaeologists from the University of Michigan excavated a large building complex here, which represents the earliest achievement of Roman memorial buildings. Its history can be traced back to the 4th century BC to the 3rd century BC, which is longer than most large buildings in Rome. This masonry building has a three-story ladder structure with a total area of 22,000 square feet (2,044 square meters), which is similar to the size of an ancient block. In addition, exquisite colonnades and murals, floors painted with geometric patterns and gorgeous stairs are perfectly integrated into the extraordinary design of this building. Because the excavation work has not been completed, we are not sure whether the building is a public facility or a private courtyard.
Marcelo, the head of the Gabe project? Marcelo Mogueta believes that regardless of the appraisal results, this building is unprecedented in the archaeological history of Dou Shi and Rome. As we all know, Rome and the Republic of China are famous for opposing the wind of luxury. If this is a private residence, its scale will be far behind any aristocratic mansion in Italy at that time, even more magnificent than Pompeii or Rome.
Mogota said that wooden load-bearing columns or other perishable materials were also used in public buildings at that time. So what? If we can confirm that this is a public facility, we will open a new chapter in the history of architecture. The discovery of Gabe architecture may greatly promote the emergence of civil society memorial buildings. ?
20 13 one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in the world. Is Kawara Tsutomu a feminist empire? (Warme Castillo, Peru)
Archaeologists found the remains of several Wali Empresses in a well-preserved tomb in the pre-Inca culture of Wali, Peru.
Archaeologists found the remains of several Wali Empresses in a well-preserved tomb in the pre-Inca culture of Wali, Peru.
There are also rich funerary objects in the tomb, such as drinking cups carved from alabaster and pottery bottles dating back to 1 200.
Source: Patrycja Przadka Giersz
In the center of Castillo, Ouham, northern Peru, milosz? Gilds, together with the joint archaeological team of Warsaw University and Catholic University of Peru, excavated a group of Wali tombs, in which three or four Wali queens were buried. Along with them, 40 aristocratic women buried in a sitting position, 7 martyrs scattered among them, and 1300 artifacts, including earrings usually worn only by male nobles, and knitting tools made of gold and silver.
Gilder said? This is the first time that we have found a grave full of valuables related to Wali women. ? He said that archaeologists also found textiles made of cotton yarn and camel hair in the tomb. In the view of Wali people, they are more valuable sacrifices than gold. Gilder estimated that the history of this mausoleum can be traced back to 750 AD. The remains of male nobles were also found in the mausoleum, but the mausoleum was much smaller. These tombs may help us understand the status of upper-class women in the valley.
20 13' dead bodies' among the top ten archaeological discoveries in the world (Leish, Ireland)
Archaeologists found a suntanned body in a swamp in Cuthell. It has a history of about 4000 years and is the oldest tanned corpse in Europe.
Archaeologists found a suntanned body in a swamp in Cuthell. It has a history of about 4000 years and is the oldest tanned corpse in Europe.
Source: Emmon Kelly
Archaeologists found an ancient corpse in a peat swamp in Cachere. They were all surprised by the carbon 14 dating method. So this is well preserved? Cuthell? This is the oldest bronzed corpse in Europe, 600 years earlier than what was previously called the oldest bronzed corpse. Who lived in the early bronze age (about 2 000 BC)? Cuthell? , apparently died of violence. CT scan showed that he had two spinal fractures, one arm fracture, and many marks of being cut by an axe on his back. Emmon, an archaeologist at the National Museum of Ireland? Emmon Kelly thinks? Cuthell? According to the burial place (the border of the area at that time) and the injuries, he died in a sacrificial ceremony. This also shows that the practice of offering sacrifices to young men (religious ceremonies related to regional sovereignty and autonomy) was not only prevalent in the Iron Age (500 BC to 400 AD). Before that, 1 500 years ago, it had already risen.
Tanning refers to burying the corpse in acidic soil or peat swamp rich in humic acid and tannin. Due to decalcification and anticorrosion of tannic acid and humic acid, corruption stopped developing, skin tanned, muscle and other tissue proteins gradually dissolved, the body was highly reduced, bones and teeth were decalcified and softened, and their weight was reduced, making them soft and easy to bend. This preserved corpse is called peat tanning. You can keep traces of violence at that time.
20 13 The oldest rock painting in North America among the top ten archaeological discoveries in the world (Winnimaka Lake, Nevada, USA)
These rock paintings have a history of at least 10,000 years and are the oldest rock paintings in North America.
These rocks were submerged under the surface of Lake Winnimaca in Nevada, and a layer of carbonate minerals was formed on the surface.
The analysis of minerals shows that these rock paintings have a history of at least 10,000 years and are the oldest rock paintings in North America.
Source: Larry Benson
Early Indians are generally regarded as pioneers of exploration and excellent mammoth hunters. Recently, the dating results of geometric rock paintings at the bottom of Lake Winnimuka in Nevada show that they are still excellent artists!
University of Colorado paleontologist Larry? Larry Benson led the research team and successfully dated the carbonate mineral layer on the surface of rock paintings. The results show that these artworks were created at least 10,000 years ago, but were later submerged by the rising lake and covered with carbonate. Benson said,? We knew these rock paintings were old, but we didn't expect them to be so old. ? According to Benson, early Indians carved these patterns as early as15,000 years ago.
What do these Indian artists want to express? We don't know yet. It seems that some rock paintings are clouds and lightning, some are diamonds, and some may represent trees. No matter what these rock paintings want to express, the Paiute tribe of Pyramid Lake (which has jurisdiction over Lake Winnimaka) still regards them as sacred.
20 13 redrawing of Khmer empire (siem reap, Cambodia)
The researchers used primary surveillance radar to investigate the temples of Angkor Wat in northwest Cambodia. The results show that under the lush forest, there is a chessboard-like ancient city that extends beyond the moat.
Recently, researchers conducted a primary surveillance radar survey of Angkor Wat temple in northwest Cambodia.
The results show that under the lush forest, there is a chessboard-like ancient city that extends beyond the moat.
Source: Damian Evans, University of Sydney.
Archaeologists used aerial laser remote sensing technology to discover the ancient city of Angkor hidden under it through the forest, and gained a new understanding of the central area of the Khmer Empire. In the past, scholars thought that Khmer cities were surrounded by city walls or moats, forming a checkerboard layout.
Damian, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Sydney? Damian Evans led the research team, using lidar technology, and found that the urban planning scope of Angkor far exceeded the moat. As the picture shows, we can find evidence of urbanization on both sides of the moat of Angkor Wat. So/kloc-The area of Angkor Wat, the capital of Khmer in the 0/2nd century, is actually three times as large as what we knew before. As shown in the figure, the officially planned urban area is more than 13 square miles, far exceeding the 3.5 square miles surrounded by the city wall. This urban area includes Angkor Wat, which is 1 mile away from the city center and 100 years earlier than the history of Angkor itself.
This discovery provides evidence for Angkor's theory of decline and fall. The Khmer empire developed too fast, and its financial resources could not make ends meet. Evans explained:? The urban structure of Angkor is very similar to that of big cities in the 20th century. It was large and sparsely populated, but there were no cars at that time. In such a city, the population is generally concentrated in the city center, while the population density in the surrounding areas is very low.
20 13 one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in the world. Colonial cannibals (Jamestown, Virginia)
Colonial cannibals (Jamestown, Virginia)
Archaeologists found the skull of a girl aged 14 in Jamestown, Virginia, USA.
Four knife marks on the skull are clearly visible. These traces can prove the colonization of the New World (America).
The story of cannibalism in the process is not fiction.
Jamestown is the first permanent colony in the New World. Archaeologists found six records describing the cannibalism of colonists in those years. During the severe winter from 1609 to 16 10, 300 colonists faced extreme famine. Former Jamestown Mayor George? George Percy wrote in 1625:? All the surplus grain was dug up to find the body to eat. ?
William? Kelso is an archaeologist with the Virginia Cultural Protection Association. He has been engaged in archaeological excavations in Jamestown since 1994. Kelso didn't believe Percy's appalling description. Until this spring, his team found the skull of this 14-year-old girl in a garbage dump, with obvious traces of slaughter. This dump is a place where desperate colonists store food, including the bodies of horses and domestic dogs. The girl's name is Jane now (that is, anonymous). Archaeologists initially thought that she was an upper-class aristocrat among the colonists, but the lead content in her bones was very low. Rich people in Jamestown use tin plates to hold food, so they all have lead poisoning to some extent.
Jane's remains are the first physical evidence of cannibalism in American colonial history. ? There is no doubt that cannibalism did happen. This shows how desperate the colony was at that time. ? Kelso said.
20 13 The oldest port city among the top ten archaeological discoveries in the world (Egyptian Wa Dalyell Jalf)
Near the Red Sea, archaeologists discovered the earliest ports and papyrus in Egypt.
Near the Red Sea, archaeologists discovered the earliest ports and papyrus in Egypt.
Wadi el-Jarf is miles from Suez 1 10, near the Red Sea. After opening the underground storage room deep into the bedrock, archaeologists accidentally found fragments of ships, ropes and pottery. Their history can be traced back to the fourth dynasty under Pharaoh Khufu. In Greek, Khufu is also called Cheops. From 255 1 year to 2528, he built great pyramid of giza.
Stones engraved with the name of hops and limestone slabs are stacked together to form an L-shaped pier, which extends from the land to the bottom of the water. This limestone anchor, which once belonged to a huge ship, proves that Egypt imported brass and stones from Sinai Peninsula and transported them to the Nile Valley. The leader of this expedition, Pierre, an Egyptian scientist at Paris University Sorbonne? Pierre Talete said? We know that there were many inland ports in ancient Egypt, but the WaDalyell-Jalf Wharf was built 1 0,000 years earlier than the earliest known similar building. ?
Among hundreds of fragments, Taret and his colleagues also found 10 complete papyrus in Zhang Baocun. They are the earliest papyrus found in Egypt, but they are difficult to recover. On one of the fragments, there is a diary of an ancient kingdom official named Mailer, who participated in the construction of the Great Pyramid. Taret said that although this sedge diary rarely describes the details of the actual construction of the pyramid, it is? Accurately recorded the daily work at that time. ?
20 13 Top Ten Archaeological Discovery Animal Partners in the World (Stolper, UK, cambria, San Diego, California)
Animal Friends (Stolper, cambria, San Diego, California)
This year, at least three kinds of animals have provided valuable help for archaeological activities. They are: a) a badger who accidentally broke into the tomb of an ancient warrior;
B) Helping archaeologists dig up unearthable cultural relics from ancient Roman fortifications; C) A dolphin carrying a rare Howell torpedo was found in the Pacific Ocean.
Sources: Felix beermann, Allen Anzac, David Cotaland.
It is never easy for humans with long legs to work in the fields, but some cave-dwelling animals are born experts in digging holes. These hairy friends have provided valuable help to archaeologists at the excavation sites of two sites in Europe. Nine 900-year-old tombs were discovered in northern Germany, and their owners included a luxurious warrior. Archaeologist Felix? Beermann took over the subsequent tomb excavation, he said? If it weren't for this irrigation, we might not even know the existence of this tomb, let alone dig it. ?
In Cumbria, England, the cave mole dug up many treasures from the underground of whitley Castle in the 2nd century, which gave us a better understanding of the life of the ancient Romans. Before that, whitley Castle was excavated only twice. Now it has become a heritage site, and human archaeologists can no longer explore here.
Seeing friends on the land show their talents, specially trained mine-detecting dolphins are not to be outdone. They found a Howell torpedo off the coast of San Diego in the19th century. The US Navy produced 50 Howell torpedoes, and only two were found before.