Geographers regard landscape as a scientific term, and define it as a kind of surface scene, or a comprehensive natural geographical area, or a kind of unit, such as urban landscape, grassland landscape, forest landscape and so on. Artists regard landscape as the object of expression and reproduction, which is equivalent to landscape architects taking landscape as the setting or background of buildings; Ecologists define landscape as an ecosystem or a system of ecosystems; Tourism experts regard landscape as a kind of resource. More commonly, landscape is equated with street facade, neon lights, landscaping in real estate, sketches and fountains by urban beautification activists and developers. A more literary and broader definition is "a scene that can be expressed in a picture and can be viewed from a certain angle." Especially the natural scenery. "But even if it is the same scene, different people will have different understandings, just like Menich's Ten Versions of the Same Scene (1976): landscape is the nature that people yearn for, landscape is the habitat of human beings, landscape is an artificial craft crystal, landscape is a material system that needs scientific analysis to understand, landscape is a problem that needs to be solved, and landscape can bring wealth. Landscape design and planning, forestry, ecology, geography and other disciplines have different meanings in different disciplines. " Landscape design (also known as landscape architecture) refers to the overall consideration and design of surrounding environmental elements, including natural elements and artificial elements, in the process of architectural design or planning and design. Make the building (group) echo the natural environment, make it more convenient and comfortable to use and improve its overall artistic value. Landscape design includes: exhibition design, artistic landscape design, space prop design and festival atmosphere design. As the object of landscape design, the landscape emphasized in this book refers to the integration of land, space and objects on land. It is the imprint of complex natural processes and human activities on the earth. Landscape is the carrier of many functions (processes), so it can be understood and expressed as follows: landscape: the object of visual aesthetic process; Human settlement: the space and bad environment in human life; Ecosystem: an organic system with structural functions and internal and external relations; Symbol: a language and spiritual space that records human past, expresses hopes and ideals, and relies on identification and sustenance. Landscape architecture is the science and art of landscape analysis, planning, design, transformation, management, protection and restoration. Landscape design is an applied discipline based on a wide range of natural sciences and humanities. Special emphasis is placed on land design, that is, through scientific and reasonable analysis of problems related to land and all human outdoor spaces, design solutions and solutions to problems, and supervise the realization of the design. According to the nature, content and scale of solving problems, landscape design includes landscape planning and landscape design. The former refers to the process of coordinating the relationship between nature and nature on a large scale based on the understanding of nature and human processes. Specifically, it is to arrange the most suitable place for some use purposes and arrange suitable land use in a specific place, and the design of this specific place is landscape design. Landscape design is closely related to architecture, urban planning, environmental art, municipal engineering design and other disciplines, while landscape design focuses on land and human production space (only this is different from architecture). The main difference between landscape design and urban planning in the modern sense is that it is the planning and design of material space, including the planning and design of urban and regional physical space, while urban planning pays more attention to social economy and overall urban development planning. Although the major of urban planning in China is still mainly responsible for the planning and design of urban physical space, this is the result of the backward development of landscape design in China. Because, only a landscape architect who has knowledge of both natural system and social system and knows how to coordinate the relationship between man and nature can design a harmonious city. Different from municipal engineering design, landscape design is better at solving problems in a comprehensive and multi-objective way than in a single-objective way. Of course, the process of comprehensive problem solving depends on the participation of various municipal engineering design majors. The main difference from environmental art (even earth art): the focus of landscape design is to solve problems comprehensively and pay attention to the overall design of a material space. The solution to the problem is based on scientific and rational analysis, rather than relying solely on the artistic inspiration and artistic creation of designers. About Landscape Designers Landscape designers are professionals who take landscape planning and design as their profession. His goal in life is to live in harmony with buildings, cities and all human activities. The title of landscape architect was used informally by olmsted, the father of American landscape design, in 1858, and officially as a professional title in 1863 [8]. Olmsted insisted on using landscape architects instead of landscape gardeners, which was very popular at that time. This is not only the innovation of professional title, but also the extension of professional connotation. The fundamental difference between landscape architects and traditional gardeners (gardeners, corresponding to gardening) and landscape gardeners (or landscape gardeners, corresponding to landscape gardening) is that the landscape design profession is the product of the background of large industry, urbanization and socialization, and it is developed on the basis of modern science and technology (not just experience); What landscape designers should deal with is the complex and comprehensive problem of land complex, not a certain level (such as landscape problems in the sense of visual aesthetics), but the safety, health and sustainability of land, human beings, cities and all life on the ground. In the name of land, human beings and other life, as well as human historical and cultural heritage, he monitored, rationally utilized and designed the land under his feet and the space and objects on it. The development of landscape design specialty is the same as architecture. Landscape design specialty precedes the formation of landscape design, and develops and perfects the theory and method of landscape design on the basis of a large number of landscape designers' practice, which is landscape design. Gardening art in Chinese and western cultures in the agricultural era, geographical concept and land occupation technology in the pre-scientific era (called geomantic omen in China), agricultural and horticultural technology, experience in water conservancy and traffic engineering of different scales, landscape aesthetic art, residential and urban construction technology and concepts, etc. It is a valuable technical and cultural heritage and the source of innovation and development of modern landscape design. However, landscape design can never be equated with gardening art with established connotation and extension, or landscape art, nor can it be equated with gardening. Just as mathematics is the dry goods of arithmetic, acupuncture is not the same as modern medicine in China. Any empirical science or skill originated from the agricultural era has to undergo a process of being thoroughly remoulded with modern science and technology and theoretical methods, so as to better solve the problems in the big industrial era, especially the relationship between man and land brought about by urbanization. As early as 1858, olmsted, the father of American landscape design, recognized this point, and insisted on calling his profession landscape architecture, instead of gardening, which was widely used at that time, thus opening up a broad space for the development of landscape design specialty and discipline, which lasted for more than 100 years. Similarly, the space defined by olmsted for this major and discipline should never be the boundary of the development of landscape design discipline today. As early as the 1960s, Macharg, another leading figure in American landscape design discipline, shouldered the banner of ecological planning in view of the inability of landscape design discipline to deal with urban problems, land use problems and environmental problems at that time, making landscape design discipline once again come to the forefront of saving cities, saving mankind and the earth. Another century and a half have passed, and the deepening and spreading of urbanization, the change of lifestyle brought by information and network technology and the trend of globalization will all pose new problems and challenges, which will require redefining the connotation and extension of landscape design discipline. Sustainable theory, ecological science, information technology, modern art theory and ideological trend will all provide new solutions and countermeasures for new problems and challenges. We don't need old wine in new bottles, let alone new vinegar in old bottles. However, no matter how the discipline develops, some fundamental things of landscape design discipline remain unchanged, that is, the ethics of loving land and nature (heaven and earth), humanistic care (people), respect for local culture and history, and awe, belonging and recognition (God) of the land under our feet. Landscape design started late in China, but developed rapidly in Chinese mainland. Among them, the outstanding contributor is master Yu. In 1995, he received his Ph.D. in design from Harvard University in the United States, and in 1997, he returned to China to set up the Graduate School of Landscape Architecture, and set up two master's degree programs in Peking University. 1998, Beijing Native Landscape and Architecture Planning and Design Institute, a national first-class planning and design unit, was established, and now it has reached an internationally renowned design institute with more than 350 people. Published books 15, and completed a large number of urban and landscape design projects; It promoted the landscape architect to become a profession officially recognized by the state, and promoted the establishment of landscape design discipline in China.