The disadvantage is that you must serve in the target area for a certain number of years before you can choose freely.
The orientation system of college entrance examination in previous lives
The distribution of graduates is becoming more and more market-oriented, and it is difficult for the targeted student system to ensure the delivery of talents to difficult areas. Most of the scoring rules are used by criminals, and the parents of candidates are charged huge fees.
■ Core tips
In this year's college entrance examination enrollment, some shady exposures have aroused social concern. Among them, using directional indicators to charge candidates is a major means of profit.
Since the country introduced the directional employment enrollment system in the 1980s, directional enrollment has delivered a large number of talents for hard areas and hard industries. Today, under the background of marketization of education and employment, the original intention of the targeted employment enrollment system has gradually declined, and "targeting" is in danger of becoming a profit-making means for some units and individuals.
Where to go for directional enrollment? The market-oriented graduate distribution mechanism puts forward this problem for the planned enrollment system.
Three years ago, Li Yang (a pseudonym), a candidate from Langfang, entered Beijing Institute of Technology for automatic control undergraduate study with a score of 609, while the admission score for local key undergraduate courses in the college entrance examination was 620.
The reason why he was admitted was that he got an index of directional enrollment. Li Yang's parents are employees of Langfang Oriental Machinery Factory. The former military enterprise Dongfang Factory changed its production, but still retained the national defense professional orientation index.
Three years later, Li Yang had no intention of returning to Langfang at all. His choice direction is either to find a job in Beijing or to take the postgraduate entrance examination.
"The factory benefit is not good, and I can't arrange work when I go back. In the past, there were many laid-off workers in the factory, so you couldn't arrange it. " Li Yang said. As the only orientation student in the class, he doesn't feel that he should be treated differently in employment.
Li Yang's statement has been confirmed by a person in charge of the personnel department of Dongfang Machinery Factory, and more directional students are also facing the same reality.
There are 6 targeted students among 27 students in a third-year class of a chemical engineering major in Beijing Institute of Technology, who come from Liaoning, Hubei, Jiangxi, Inner Mongolia and other places. "Nobody wants to go back." Xiaojin, a targeted student in Liaoyang, Liaoning, said.
On August 19, a person in charge of the graduate distribution department of Langfang Personnel Bureau of Hebei Province introduced that over the years, more than 90% of local targeted students have not been employed according to the agreement.
"Targeted enrollment has evolved into a reason for concern." The above-mentioned official in charge of the distribution of graduates gave a counterexample. In Langfang, popular units such as the Local Taxation Bureau also have targeted indicators, which are taken out for people to go to college, but it is difficult for graduates to get into the Local Taxation Bureau after they come back.
Institutional changes of directional students
For some units with directional indicators, indicators have become special treatment for employees' children, and it is difficult for ordinary candidates to get involved. Due to the scarcity of indicators, candidates from non-directional units and regions try their best to win these indicators, and black intermediaries intervene in this way, which makes the enrollment process full of drawbacks.
During the period of 1989, the State Education Commission issued the Interim Provisions on Directional Enrollment and Directional Employment in Colleges and Universities, which stipulated that "in order to ensure that a certain number of graduates can be obtained in areas and industries with difficult working environment", colleges and universities should implement "Directional Enrollment and Directional Employment" according to a certain proportion of the national enrollment plan.
Among them, the specific hard areas include nine provinces and regions such as Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Guizhou, Tibet, Ningxia and Yunnan, and the hard industries include departments such as national defense and military industry, agriculture and forestry, geology, meteorology and the People's Liberation Army, as well as mining areas, oil fields and labor camps. Universities affiliated to provinces and autonomous regions can face poor areas and hard industries.
However, the second paragraph of Article 11 of the Regulations has had a far-reaching impact since then: the admission scores of directional students are generally the same as those of non-directional students, but those who cannot complete the student source plan can choose within 20 points below the admission scores of directional colleges.
Xiao, a scholar who has studied the reform of the education system for many years and a professor at Southwest University for Nationalities, said that the orientation students began in the late 1980s, when there was frequent talent flow and job-hopping was serious. After the introduction of the directional enrollment regulations, many talents have been sent to some hard and important industries, regions and units.
Director Yang of Personnel Department of Qingyang Chemical Company in Liaoyang introduced that the factory began to select trainees in the 1980s, and most of those who came back before became unit leaders and backbones.
However, there are more and more problems in the implementation of directional enrollment. Some educators pointed out that for some units with directional indicators, indicators have become special treatment for employees' children, and it is difficult for ordinary candidates to get involved. Due to the scarcity of indicators, candidates from non-directional units and regions try their best to win these indicators, and black intermediaries intervene in this way, which makes the enrollment process full of drawbacks.
In 2002, the Hubei Provincial Admissions Office suddenly adjusted the orientation policy, stipulating that candidates will no longer sign agreements with orientation units, and orientation volunteers only need to be stamped with the official seal of the county (city, district) recruitment office, and orientation indicators will be placed in the province to compete according to scores.
This move caused a rebound of directional units in the province. At that time, WISCO, Hubei Telecom Company and other units 10 cancelled 409 orientation indicators, and some candidates were forced to fill in the orientation form again.
According to local media reports, the Hubei Provincial Admissions Office was quite tough at that time: directional enrollment institutions "can turn directional plans into non-directional ones if they have opinions, but they can't transfer them out of our province".
According to a staff member of the Provincial Admissions Office, in 2003, Hubei Province further introduced the New Deal, stipulating that provincial universities should not arrange targeted employment enrollment plans in the province, nor accept targeted employment enrollment plans of provincial universities in other provinces. This is actually to prevent directional enrollment in the province. Only universities affiliated to the central ministries and commissions can put the targeted employment enrollment plan into Hubei Province.
In the same year, the Ministry of Education adjusted the targeted employment enrollment policy, and the scope of targeted enrollment was adjusted to all candidates in the province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government).
In this regard, some directional units withdrew from the directional indicators of universities directly under the state ministries and commissions, and only retained the indicators in the province.
Qingyang Chemical Company mentioned earlier withdrew from the first-class undergraduate orientation and retained the second-class undergraduate orientation index.
Throughout this year's targeted enrollment policies in many provinces and regions, the practice of targeted enrollment and targeted employment in the province has been retained. A person involved in enrollment said that this is also the reason why some units still retain two directional enrollment indicators.
At the same time, some universities directly under national ministries and commissions have also reduced or cancelled targeted enrollment plans. A staff member of the Admissions Office of China Renmin University confirmed that the school had cancelled the directional enrollment plan. Beijing Forestry University also canceled the general directional enrollment plan and only accepted the directional enrollment plan for national defense students and the directional training plan for ethnic minority areas.
The hypothesis of the door of convenience
Strictly speaking, directional enrollment is also admitted according to the ranking of results. However, due to the opaque operation process, it may become a way for some lawless elements or collectives to extort money from candidates. Many candidates and parents don't understand the rules at all, and they have to pay money to get the admission notice.
However, while the directional enrollment method is shrinking, the directional distribution system is also facing challenges, and its origin is to stipulate that 20 points will be reduced for admission.
On August 23rd, a person in charge of the Admissions Office of a famous university in Beijing, who did not want to be named, told the reporter that many directional students in his school entered the school through various connections. In practice, directional enrollment has seriously violated the original intention of sending talents to industries in difficult areas and has become a way for schools or individuals to make money.
"20 minutes of space has opened the door for some people." The person in charge said.
In his view, the current problems in the process of directional enrollment are mainly based on the assumption of charging candidates for directional enrollment. The so-called hypothetical orientation means that candidates use certain relationships to obtain targeted enrollment indicators, but after graduation, candidates do not work in targeted areas or departments.
"This needs to dredge the relationship between three aspects. The first is the school admissions office, the second is the admissions office, and the third is the targeted area or department. " The person in charge said that there may also be such a situation, that is, three companies unite to sell the directional indicators, and then the three companies are divided into; Or the school admissions office or the competent admissions office and the targeted areas or departments jointly sign a false orientation agreement with the candidates, which is actually selling indicators and charging fees. This phenomenon is very common in local colleges and universities.
He also explained that strictly speaking, directional enrollment is also admitted according to the ranking of results. However, due to the opaque operation process, it may become a way for some lawless elements or collectives to extort money from candidates. Many candidates and parents don't understand the rules at all, and they have to pay money to get the admission notice.
"In directional enrollment, as long as the score is above the control score, what you play is relationship and money." The insider thinks what he said is an open secret.
There is evidence that the admissions departments at all levels are not completely unaware of this secret.
In July, 2003, the Admissions Office of Shanxi Province issued an urgent notice, saying that the Shanxi Recruitment Center had recently investigated and dealt with an intermediary agency that used the directional plan for personal gain, and the relevant colleges and universities adjusted the directional plan, requiring the majority of candidates and parents to be alert to black intermediaries.
Almost at the same time, the Admissions Office of Guizhou Province also issued a notice prohibiting "intermediaries" from participating in directional enrollment, and no school or unit may use directional enrollment to charge candidates.
However, the Ministry of Education's 2002 Regulations on Enrollment of Ordinary Colleges and Universities pointed out that candidates should sign and perform agreements with targeted employment units that meet relevant regulations, and resolutely stop charging candidates if they undertake or use targeted employment enrollment plans.
Xue Hui Jr. analyzed that directional enrollment is reasonable, but "incredible system deformation" has turned it into a way for individuals or collectives to make money, and limited educational resources have become a tight commodity where scarce goods can survive.
Who will restrict the directional issuance?
"Only files can restrict them. Now many graduates don't care about files and accounts. If he doesn't want to report it, he won't. What can we do with him? "
The bigger challenge is that due to the market-oriented trend of talent flow, the targeted student system can no longer guarantee the original intention of sending talents to difficult areas.
"There are always targeted students who come to the Admissions Office to consult the consequences of breach of contract. We don't know what the consequences are because there are no supporting measures." A staff member of the Admissions Office of Beijing Forestry University said.
According to the staff of Tsinghua University Admissions Office, when targeted students are employed, they usually work in targeted areas or targeted departments according to the agreement signed by both parties. However, there is also a possibility that due to special circumstances, targeted areas or departments no longer need targeted students, and targeted students can choose their own jobs. If the targeted student refuses to work in the targeted area or department, the targeted student must return all the scholarships, pay tuition and miscellaneous fees, and pay part of the training fees to the school.
It is a fact that paying tuition and training fees cannot fundamentally limit the distribution of targeted students.
"It is nothing more than a fine of 3,000 yuan, not to mention that if you don't go back, the unit will agree." Xiaojin of Beijing Institute of Technology said that tuition fees are paid by himself, and there is no targeted scholarship. At the same time, because the unit didn't pay the fee to the school, even if the unit didn't agree, the school wouldn't send him back.
Liu Qingguo, director of Liaoyang Graduate Distribution Office, said that even if the Graduate Distribution Office wanted to act according to principles, they lacked the means to restrict graduates. "Only files can restrict them. Now many graduates don't care about files and accounts. If he doesn't want to report it, he won't. What can we do with him? "
Liu Qingguo said that the original intention of directional enrollment is good, but the effect is not so good, which is contradictory to the current mechanism of self-employment. "What shall we do? We are also thinking. "
Subsidies instead of orientation?
Hu Xingdou believes that the state should attract talents to the west by giving strong support and providing subsidies, rather than solving the problem through targeted employment.
Undeniably, there are still some difficult areas and important industries that need targeted enrollment to meet the demand for talents. Recruiting national defense students is the task assigned by the state to major universities in the past two years. The reporter saw a list of tasks for recruiting national defense students in Beijing universities. Tsinghua, Peking University and other major universities have places for national defense students.
After Beijing Forestry University canceled the general directional enrollment, it accepted the directional enrollment task of ethnic minorities and national defense students assigned by the state. This year, Beijing Forestry University must recruit 40 Tibet-oriented students for national candidates.
"This task is difficult to complete." Last year, Beijing Forestry University failed to complete the task of orienting Tibetan students, because candidates did not want to go to remote areas, and the time limit stipulated in the orientation agreement was as long as 15 years. Some students who have applied for directional volunteers have the psychology of going to college first.
Xiao Yu, a 20-year-old student, is now a sophomore at a university in Beijing. Last year, his college admission score in Sichuan was 5 18, and he scored more than 480 points. According to the regulations of the school, the admission score of directional students in Sichuan Province can be reduced by 40 points on the basis of 5 18 points.
"I want to work in Tibet after graduation. In principle, my working experience is not less than 15 years. " He said that because his home is in the countryside and he is eager to jump out of the agricultural gate, it is unlikely that he will go to school at public expense for another year, so he has to agree to work in Tibet after graduation.
"I don't want to go, even want to break the contract." He said, first make some money, and then default will have money to pay liquidated damages.
For this directional quota, he vaguely knew that his parents were in a little trouble, but he said that he knew nothing about the specific situation.
Beijing Forestry University accepted the task of recruiting national defense students because it is aimed at unpopular industries such as forest armed police. Although the state stipulates to enjoy directional scholarships, it also makes students dissatisfied. The above-mentioned staff concluded, "It used to be opaque, but now it is transparent, which is troublesome."
However, the enrollment of national defense students in other universities is "overcrowded".
Judging from the scores of national defense students in Tsinghua University, some provinces are above the unified recruitment line in Tsinghua, and some areas are 5-6 points lower than the unified recruitment score line. An admissions officer said that the national defense major can be said to be a popular major now, and there are scholarships, so it is inevitable that candidates will flock to it.
Hu Xingdou, a famous scholar and professor of Beijing Institute of Technology, bluntly said that the directional enrollment system should be completely abolished.
"Its historical role can be completely solved by other methods."
Hu Xingdou believes that the state should attract talents to the west by giving strong support and providing subsidies, rather than solving the problem through targeted employment. The same is true for special industries. If the government improves the treatment of talents in these special industries, these industries can still attract talents.
Scholar Xiao also believes that on the whole, directional enrollment is the product of planned economy, and it is not suitable to fix people in a specific unit at present. In this case, the future development and changes of directional enrollment should be carefully considered.
References:
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