1, Shanxi University

Long before the U.S. government agreed to set up a "preparatory school for studying in the United States" with boxer indemnity, boxer indemnity had been used for higher education in China. 190 1 In September, the Qing government and the representatives of the eight countries signed the "Xin Chou Treaty" which humiliated the country. ?

As stipulated in the "Xin Chou Treaty", the Qing government compensated the six "injured countries" of Russia, Germany, France, Britain, the United States, Japan, Italy, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Sweden and Norway for their military expenses and losses of 450 million taels of silver, namely "boxer indemnity". Timothy richard, an English missionary in Shanxi, actively planned and used some boxer indemnity to establish Shanxi University Hall.

2. Tsinghua University

China and the United States agreed that the foreign affairs department of the Qing government was responsible for establishing an American training school in Beijing. Thus, in June of 1909, the office of tourism aesthetics was established in Beijing, which was the embryonic form of Tsinghua University.

1In August, 909, the Ministry of Interior gave the royal garden of Tsinghua Campus to the Academic Affairs Office, which took the first batch of students from Shi Jia Hutong, recruited 47 students from 630 candidates, and went to the United States in June, 5438+00.

This is the origin of students studying in the United States later. In August, 19 10, the second recruitment. More than 400 people took the exam, and finally 70 people were admitted.

Among the second batch of students studying in the United States, a famous Hu Shi came out later. He won the 55th place that year. In the same list, there are later linguist Zhao Yuanren and meteorologist Zhu Kezhen.

Extended data:

affect

This kind of economic sanctions with plunder as its content left deep national pain to the indemnitors. First, during the period from 1895 to 19 13, there were 549 factories and mines set up by China state capital, of which the capital was between 1 10,000 yuan and 5 million yuan.

Only 17. But until boxer indemnity finally reduced or stopped paying, China paid more than 652.37 million taels of silver over the years, equivalent to nearly 654.38 billion taels of silver. By measuring this and that, we can see to what extent the vitality of the national economy has been suppressed under the huge capital flow loss.

Secondly, according to the surveys of various countries at that time, China's annual fiscal revenue was1.200 million taels, while its expenditure was1.1.200 million taels, which forced China to turn external pressure into internal pressure.

Every year, the compensation is allocated to provinces, provinces to counties, and counties to all kinds of people. As a result, everyone in China society has suffered from boxer indemnity's sufferings, because the old taxes are heavier and the new taxes are more.

One result of this is to make people hate foreign powers even more; Another result is that the struggle against taxes has become one of the main contents of the uprising. In the last decade of the late Qing Dynasty, they contributed to the further intensification of social contradictions.

It prepared some realistic conditions for the fierce attack of Wuchang Uprising. These two results show that the transformation from economy to politics has influenced the society and contributed to the establishment of semi-colonial system and the deepening of semi-colonial degree.

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