[Chengdu]

165438+1October 25th (10/October 19) was born in a feudal bureaucratic landlord family in Zhengtongshun Street, the north gate of Chengdu, Sichuan. Li Yaotang, whose real name is Fei Gan, is taken from the first sentence "Gai Gan Tang" in The Book of Songs, Zhao Nan and Gan Tang. From 1928, after he finished writing Death, he began to use the pseudonym "Ba Jin", which has been used ever since.

Originally from Jiaxing, Zhejiang. Great-grandfather Li Jiean moved from Zhejiang to Sichuan as a "screen friend". Great-grandfather Li Zhu has The Only Draft of Drunk Moshan House. Grandpa Li Yong (no. Wan Yun) was also an official and later lived at home. He is the parent of a big family, with five sons and one daughter (sons: Li Daohe, Li Daopu, Li Daoyang, Li Daopei, Li Daohong; Female: Li Daoling). He printed a book "Tang Qiu Mountain Pavilion Poetry" as a gift. Father Li Daohe, a former magistrate of Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province; Sister Chen Shufang.

Ba Jin has two brothers, two sisters, two younger brothers and three younger sisters: the elder brother Li Yaomei (1897- 193 1) and the third brother Li Yaolin (1903-1945); Second sister Li (1898— 19 15) and third sister (1899—1924); Fourteenth brother Li Yaoxun (19 13-) and seventeenth brother Li (stepmother,1917-); The ninth sister Li Qiongru (1909-), the tenth sister (1910-17), and the twelfth sister Li Ruijue (stepmother,19/kloc-0)

The whole extended family consists of nearly 20 elders, more than 30 brothers and sisters, and 40 or 50 male and female servants.

1909 (Xuantongyuan Year in Qing Dynasty)

[Chengdu-Guangyuan] Five years old

Father became the magistrate of Guangyuan county in northern Sichuan and went with his parents. I am studying at home with two brothers and two sisters in Yamen, Guangyuan County. My husband's surname is Liu. Read three-character classics, hundreds of surnames, thousands of words, etc. Memorize China ancient literature, and learn to read the words in "White Elephant Ci" from my mother in the evening. In the study, 60-year-old buddhist nun Jia Fu takes care of her daily life, and 12-year-old girl Xiang Er plays with her.

Big sister (nine sisters) Joan is as good as life.

In 191 (the second year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty)

[Guangyuan] Six years old

Xia (the tenth sister) was born. Move out of the mother's room and be taken care of by the maid, Sister Yang.

1February 26th (165438+ October 25th of the lunar calendar), in order to celebrate my grandfather's birthday, I refused to kowtow because I hated etiquette, and was whipped by my mother for the first time.

About this year, I was puzzled by my father's punishment in court and the kowtow of the prisoner after being punished, and I was also dissatisfied with my mother's order to beat the wet nurse who stole the "Mao" cucumber during the period of the tenth sister's acne. During this period, I initially felt that many things in the world were unreasonable.

About this year, my second uncle Li Daopu and my third uncle Li Daoyang, who were studying in Japan, returned to Sichuan. My second uncle opened a "law firm" at home, and my third uncle is a Nanchong county magistrate.

In 1911 (the third year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty)

[Guangyuan-Chengdu] Seven years old

In the first half of the year, Sister Yang, the maid, died after a long illness, which left a deep impression on her. Later, she wrote a short story, Sister Yang.

My father resigned and went back to Chengdu with his parents. Continuing to study at home, Mr. Long (or Deng) had the idea of a "new party".

In mid-June, the "Road Protection Association" of Sichuan-Han Railway was established, and the road protection struggle in Sichuan reached its climax. By the beginning of July, Chengdu Road Protection Association had held more than ten meetings, and the people's patriotic road protection mood was high. On August 25th, Chengdu went on strike. On September 7th and 8th, Sichuan Governor Zhao Erfeng made a bloody case in Chengdu. Since then, armed uprisings have taken place in various parts of Sichuan.

10 year 10 month, Wuchang Uprising broke out.

1 1 On 22nd, Chongqing became independent and established the Shu military government. On the 27th, Chengdu became independent, and the Sichuan military government in Dahan was established. Make a big flag at home.

1February 8 (Lunar calendar1October 18), an army mutiny occurred in Chengdu, causing chaos in the city. Father and eldest brother stayed at home, while mother took other children to take refuge in grandma's house and went home the next day. On the 22nd, Zhao Erfeng was killed by the military government. This news made Long (Deng? ) Mr. Wang is happy and has been the talk of adults at home for many days. All the men in the family cut off their braids. On the 29th, Sun Yat-sen was elected interim president in Nanjing.

19 12 years (the first year of the Republic of China)

Chengdu is eight years old.

1 year 1 month, Sun Yat-sen became the President of the Republic of China. Make five-color flags at home.

/kloc-February, the Qing emperor Puyi abdicated. My grandfather was sad because of the revolution, but my father didn't express any opinions, and my second and third uncles were disillusioned.

This year, eldest brother went to middle school.

Since this year, I have often participated in parties and games between my eldest brother and my sisters and cousins, kicking shuttlecock, patting the ball, throwing pictures of the Grand View Garden and having all kinds of alcoholic drinks. He also organized a new troupe with his third brother, Lin Yao, and other brothers to play a supporting role; They write their own scripts, copy tickets to others and perform in the bamboo forest at home. He often goes to the theater or watches Sichuan Opera and Beijing Opera at home. During this period, influenced by my family, I became familiar with the characters and plots in A Dream of Red Mansions.

About this year, my second sister fell ill, and my mother invited a foreign female doctor from Shen Si Temple Hospital to come home for treatment. The first time I met a foreigner, I was deeply impressed.

19 13 years (two years of the Republic of China) I was nine years old.

The eldest brother (fourteenth brother) Yao Xun was born.

19 14 years, ten years old (three years of the Republic of China)

[Chengdu]

In July (lunar calendar), my mother died and was buried in Mopanshan, a suburb of Chengdu. Since then, I have deeply felt the sadness of children without mothers. His mother's teaching of "loving everyone" had a great influence on Ba Jin, and later he called his mother his "first husband".

With my mother's permission, I often stayed with those "servants" after I returned to Chengdu, and my friendship with them continued until I left Chengdu. Among these people, they have gained a belief in justice and a straightforward personality close to the original. The sedan chair bearer Lao Zhou taught him to be sincere and impressed him the most, and later called him his "second gentleman".

He was eleven years old in 1915 (four years of the Republic of China)

[Chengdu]

15 years 1 month (lunar calendar 65438+February 1), the second sister Yao Zhen died of lung disease.

This year, my father married his stepmother (Deng Jingsui)

I was twelve years old in 1916 (five years of the Republic of China)

[Chengdu]

Yao Mei, the eldest brother, graduated from middle school, got married by his family and worked as a clerk in Chengdu Commercial Market Co., Ltd.

Stepmother gave birth to three sisters (twelve sisters) Jui-chueh.

About this year, my sixth uncle Li Daohong, my second brother Li Yaolin and my cousin Pu Jiyun jointly copied the novel magazine "Ten Days", and nine issues were published in three months. Ba Jin was the first subscriber. He is not interested in the same sad novels, but he admires their painstaking efforts in running magazines.

In 1917 (six years of the Republic of China), he was thirteen years old.

[Chengdu]

Chen Yunzhen (Xiao Shan),/kloc-0, was born in Yingfengqiao, Yinxian County, Zhejiang Province.

In spring, street fighting took place in Chengdu, and the Sichuan-Yunnan army fought fiercely for seven days. During this period, two sons of the second uncle died of illness one after another. Ba Jin and his third brother also suffer from laryngitis. As soon as the war stopped, my father Li Daohe died of illness. After his father died, he felt more empty and sought comfort from books. He read many classical novels, such as Yue Zhuan, Shi Gong An, Gong Peng Case and Water Margin.

After the death of his father, the eldest brother provoked the burden of life in the eldest room and endured it in order to cope with the hatred and attacks in other rooms, and the contradiction between the extended family intensified.

The stepmother gave birth to a second brother (seventeenth brother), Yao Ji (posthumous child).

Third brother Lin Yao went to middle school to study. The second sister (the tenth sister) died of illness.

Starting this year, I will study English with my cousin Xiang, who is studying in Chengdu International Studies University. It is helpful to my cousin for the initial development of Ba Jin's intelligence.

19 18 years (seven years of the Republic of China), I was fourteen years old.

[Chengdu]

He entered the English tutorial school of Chengdu YMCA in autumn, and stopped studying in January due to illness. He continued to study with his cousin Xiang at home for two years. During this period, I directly read david copperfield by Dickens and Treasure Island by Stevenson for the first time in English. The first-person narration of these two books taught him a lot.

I was fifteen years old in 1919 (eight years of the Republic of China)

[Chengdu]

After the May 4th Movement broke out, new thoughts flooded into Sichuan. Eldest brother bought New Youth and Weekly Review from Huayang Bookstore, the only bookstore selling new books and newspapers in Chengdu, and later saved 100 yuan to buy new books and newspapers there. Ba Jin was able to read many new publications published in Beijing and Shanghai, such as New Youth, Weekly Review, Weekly Review, Young China People, Youth World and Peking University Student Weekly, as well as publications published in Chengdu, such as Sunday, Student Tide and Wakefield. He eagerly accepts all kinds of new ideas and often gets together with his brothers and sisters.

This year, I studied Japanese with two uncles studying in Japan, and I was very interested.

1920 (nine years of the Republic of China) was sixteen years old.

[Chengdu]

/kloc-in February of 0/9 (the lunar calendar is no longer 65438+February 30th), my grandfather passed away. Because grandpa died, my sister-in-law moved out of town to have a baby. After my grandfather died, the disputes and struggles within the extended family intensified, leading to more tragedies.

From the second half of the year, I was very excited when I read the Chinese translation of Kropotkin's "Tell the Teenager". I wrote to Chen Duxiu of New Youth Club, which reprinted the book, asking for guidance, but I didn't receive a reply. Later, I read the Chinese translation of Liao's play It's Early, and was deeply moved. Emma goldman, a Russian anarchist in exile in the United States, published in the first episode of Record of Real Social Freedom published by Peking University Real Society, made him realize the essence of anarchy for the first time and began to have a clear belief in joining the social revolution. Later, Goldman was called "spiritual mother".

In September, my third brother Yao Lin and I were admitted to Chengdu International Studies University. From cram school to preparatory course and undergraduate course, I studied in school for two and a half years.

In winter, Chengdu academic circles launched a petition and collective strike against warlord Liu Cunhou, and Ba Jin also participated. This is his first time to participate in social struggle.

Yao Mei, the eldest brother in winter, sometimes suffers from mental disorder because of stimulation at home.

Starting this year, I began to learn Esperanto from students of Chengdu Normal School and Koreans, and soon stopped.

In 1921 (ten years of the Republic of China), I was seventeen years old.

[Chengdu]

On February 20th, Chengdu Half-Moon Talk was published in the first issue of 2005. 14. I read the gist and outline of "Suitable for Society", and I was very interested. I wrote to the editorial department for half a month and asked to join. Three days later, the editor visited and said that the first club was in Chongqing; After that, I took part in the work of "Half-monthly Talk" magazine. Wu Xianyou, a young friend of the editorial department, taught Ba Jin the spirit of "self-reliance", and later Ba Jin called him his "third gentleman".

1 April, half-monthly talk 17 published how to build a truly free and equal society, which is the first article published so far. His name was listed in the No.1 17 issue of Semimonthly Talk magazine, Records of Members of Our Society: Bi Gan.

In May, I took part in the May Day commemoration and took to the streets for the first time, distributing leaflets advocating "social revolution".

Participate in the organization of the secret group "military society" with anarchist tendencies and publish the declaration of the military society. They run publications, newsletters, distribute leaflets, print books and hold secret meetings. From then on, he began to call himself an anarchist.

In July, the 24th issue of Half Moon was published in 15, and was banned for publishing an article against the warlord government's ban on women's haircuts.

Qiu participated in the editing of the monthly magazine Police Group. After the publication of the first issue, due to a dispute with the original organizer of Police Corps, the original bimonthly jointly issued a statement and left the magazine collectively, and the publication of Police Corps also stopped.

In 1922 (eleven years of the Republic of China), I was eighteen.

[Chengdu]

In the first half of the year, he participated in the establishment of the weekly magazine "Voice of the People" sponsored by Chengdu Anarchist League, presided over the editorial affairs, and set up a communication room in his own home, printing 1000 copies. After the first issue was published, it was banned from sale by the police department, but it was still semi-publicly issued; Since then, various methods have been used to deal with the interference and restrictions of police inspectors. There are ten issues of this magazine. During this period, I met Yuan, one of the editors of Student Tide. Yuan also believed in anarchism at that time, and later became party member, who was killed by warlords in Sichuan 1928.

On July 2 1 day, the new poem "The Cry of the Abused" (* *12) was published in the 44th issue of Literature Xunkan (edited by Zheng Zhenduo), which was his earliest published literary work. This year and the following year, he published nine new poems, twenty poems and an essay in the magazines of Literary Training and Women, which were his earliest literary works.

On August 23rd, I wrote to the editor of Literature Xunkan, expressing my dissatisfaction with the literature of Yuanyang Butterfly School. This letter, signed by Li Yigan, contains the "Communication" column of the 49th issue of Literature Xunkan on September 1 1, and also publishes the editor's reply in the same column to express his approval.

In 1923 (12 years of the Republic of China), I was nineteen years old.

[Chengdu-Shanghai-Nanjing]

In April, Third Sister Cai Yao got married and attended the wedding.

In May, my third brother Lin Yao and I left Chengdu to go to Chongqing by wooden boat, and from Chongqing to Shanghai along the Yangtze River. At this time, I got the help of my eldest brother and the permission of my stepmother. The reasons for leaving Sichuan are: first, I am eager to break through the cage of feudal families and devote myself to a new broad world; On the other hand, because he didn't have a high school diploma, he was changed into an auditor by a foreign university and lost his qualification to obtain a school diploma.

Fall into Shanghai Nanyang Middle School.

I went to Nanjing at the end of the year and lived at No.21Shi Yu Street, Beimenqiao. Enter the cram school of the senior high school affiliated to Southeast University.

I was twenty years old in 1924 (thirteen years of the Republic of China).

Nanjing

In May, in the third issue of Guangzhou Zhenshe magazine Spring Thunder, he published a poem "Mourning Orange Zong Yi" and "Great Martyr-Showing the Spirit of Comrade Daishan Rongjun".

In autumn, I completed a half-year cram school in the senior high school affiliated to Southeast University and entered the third grade of the school.

After receiving my eldest brother's letter, I learned that my third sister Cai Yao died in childbirth.

From this year to 1925, I studied Esperanto seriously after school, bought books from Shanghai Esperanto Bookstore and began to translate articles according to Esperanto.

I went back to Jiaxing, Zhejiang twice this year and stayed at home with an uncle who is still a private school teacher in his 80s.

This year, nearly ten translations have been published.

I was twenty-one years old in 1925 (fourteen years of the Republic of China)

[Nanjing-Beijing-Shanghai]

At the beginning of the year, introduced by my friend Qin Baopu, I began to write to emma goldman and received a reply.

After the May 30th massacre in Shanghai in June, Nanjing students launched solidarity activities, and Ba Jin also participated. This life was later written into the novella Death Day.

I graduated from the Middle School Attached to Southeast University in August, and then went to Beijing to prepare for the examination of Peking University. In Beijing, I met Shen Ruqiu, a Korean youth in exile who had been contacted by letters, and was introduced by Shen to live in Tongxing apartment on the Beijiang River. I lived in Beijing for about half a month because I didn't enter the examination room because of tuberculosis. I was comforted by watching Lu Xun's Scream in the apartment. Later, I returned to Shanghai to recuperate.

Third brother Lin Yao went to Soochow University in Suzhou to study.

In September, he participated in the establishment of the semi-monthly magazine People, an anarchist publication. Sixteen promoters * * * are: Zhenheng, Jianmin, Zhongjiu, Miki, Peixin, Huilin, Yigan, Zen Forest, Lv Qian, Sophie, Yibo, Ruqiu, Genyin, Jianbo, simple embrace and inferiority.

About 20 translations and papers have been published this year.

I was twenty-two years old in 1926 (fifteen years of the Republic of China)

[Shanghai]

I lived in Li Kangyi, Kangti Road, Shanghai, and then moved to Malang Road in French Concession to live with my friends until I left Shanghai for France in January of the following year.

1 month, in memory of the workers' leaders and Huang Pang who were killed by the warlord government, he wrote this poem four years after Huang Pang's death.

/kloc-from October to March, he wrote articles in newspapers and periodicals such as Current Affairs News, Xueguang and Flood, criticizing Guo Moruo on the theory of national subjugation.

In April, The History of the May 1st Movement was published. This booklet is the first single-line book published so far.

In the first half of the year, I corresponded with Graf, the publisher and anarchist of New Century in Paris, France.

1 1 month, I finished translating Kropotkin's Shortcut to Bread.

Learn Japanese with my friend Wei Huilin this year. Read Stepniak's Japanese version of Underground Russia.

More than 20 political papers have been published this year.

1927 (Republic of China 16), I am 23 years old.

[Shanghai-Paris-Shado-Giri]

1 month 15, Wei Huilin left Shanghai for France on the French mail ship Anger, with nine China students on board. I went to France to study economics, further study anarchism theory and investigate social movements in Europe. France was not only the birthplace of anarchism, but also the refuge of political exiles in Europe at that time.

On the way to Paris, I wrote thirty-eight travel notes.

Arrived in Marseille on February 18. /kloc-Arrive in Paris on 0/9, check in at No.5 Blainville Street Hotel, and then check in at Forte Street Hotel in Tourne.

I often go for a walk in Luxembourg in the morning and study French at night school affiliated to the French Cultural Association. Soon, the news of family bankruptcy came, and I stopped my formal study.

In March, in order to get rid of loneliness, I wrote the first to fourth chapters of Death.

In April, Anarchism and Realistic Problems, co-authored with Yi Jun and Hui Lin, was published by Shanghai People's Society. This book was written in French and sent back to Shanghai for printing. It mainly discusses the relationship between China's first revolutionary civil war and anarchism. 1930 was banned by the Kuomintang government in February on the charge of "inciting the army".

In May, Li Shizeng's classical Chinese translation Prison and Escape (by Kropotkin) was published by Guangzhou Innovation Publishing House. The book has 52 pages, and the original translation of the last page 12 is lost. The publishing house asked Ba Jin to supplement the translation.

This month, I participated in the rescue activities of Fan Zaidi and Sakai, and wrote to Fan Zaidi in prison. Fansal, an Italian anarchist in exile in the United States, was framed by the American authorities for robbery and murder and sentenced to death. At that time, it became a big event in Europe and America, and France, romain rolland and Einstein all took part in the rescue, forming an international rescue activity.

At the beginning of July, I received a reply from Fan Zaidi and Shu. In June 1 1, I wrote my second letter to Fan. In the next few days, I excitedly wrote the eleventh chapter of "Death", "The Time of Vowing and Dedication".

In early summer, due to the deterioration of my health, I moved to Shadogan, a small town on the banks of the Mullen River, about100km east of Paris, to recuperate, and lived in Lafontaine Middle School to study French. At the same time, I translated Kropotkin's The Origin and Development of Ethics according to the English version (referring to the Japanese version of Kenji Uchiyama). In the process of translation, I read the works of Aristotle, Plato, Spinoza, Schopenhauer and the Bible. At this time, I also systematically studied the French Revolution and read a lot of historical materials and works, such as The Party History of gironde (written by Lamartin) and The French Revolution (L? Madelen), four French women (Dobson), the history of the Great Revolution (J? M Schiller), "1789? The French Revolution in 804 (W? Blos) and so on. He attached great importance to the role of the people in the French Revolution and highly praised bourgeois revolutionaries such as Mara.

He began to write biographies of Russian populist female revolutionaries, such as Sophia and Princess Gonul, and later compiled a book "Ten Russian Heroines".

During this period, I learned some news about the "April 12th" counter-revolutionary coup in China. I published some short comments on the domestic political situation in Equality (an anarchist publication edited by Zhong Shi, an overseas Chinese in San Francisco, USA), criticized reactionary politicians such as the Kuomintang, and announced that I would break off relations with Revolutionary Weekly (founded by Li Shizeng), an anarchist publication advocating "party cleaning".

In Shado in early August? Hey, hey, hey, hey, hey! I wrote a reply on March 23. On the afternoon of 24th, I learned from the newspaper that Van Zaidi and Sack were burned to death by the electric chair in Charleston prison in Boston, Massachusetts at midnight on 22nd. They excitedly wrote letters and sent them around all day asking about the US government. In the next few days, I wrote several pieces of "death" in succession.

1 1 On August 8th, I finished translating Fan Zaidi's autobiography.

A Brief Introduction to Bread (by Kropotkin) is published by Shanghai Free Bookstore, which is his first independent translation.

More than 20 political articles have been published this year.

I was twenty-four years old in 1928 (seventeen years of the Republic of China)

[Shado-Giri-Paris-Marseille-Shanghai]

1 month, translated Goldman's "Ibsen's Four Social Plays" and "Strindberg's Three Plays on Women's Issues".

On February 5th, I received the English version of herzen's Past and Random Thoughts (translated by Mrs. Kang Garnett) from T.H. Kiel, editor-in-chief of Freedom magazine in London, USA.

The Compendium of Krupotkin Theory (berkman et al.) edited by Shanghai Free Bookstore.

The Tragic History of the Soviet Revolution (by berkman) translated in March was published by Shanghai Free Bookstore.

The Road to Revolution translated in April was published by Shanghai Free Bookstore.

After the translation of the first volume of Kropotkin's The Origin and Development of Ethics was completed, it was published in September of the same year, entitled Philosophy of Life: Its Origin and Development.

In May, I was misunderstood and attacked by some anarchists because of the cooperation with the Kuomintang on anarchism and practical issues after the "April 12" coup, so I wrote a book "Answering irrelevant questions" as a self-defense.

Xia received a letter from his eldest brother, more deeply aware of the serious ideological differences between himself and his eldest brother, and decided to finish Death, so that his eldest brother could know more about his way of being.

In August, after half a month, at the beginning of the month, 21 chapters of the book Death were sorted out and written, and copied in five hard paper exercise books. Send the manuscript to Sophie Zhou, who works in Mingkai Bookstore in Shanghai, and plan to print it at her own expense. In this manuscript, the pen name is Ba Jin for the first time. After posting the manuscript, I returned to Paris from Shadogiri.

In September, Trotsky's paper "On Tolstoy" was translated, also signed by Ba Jin, sent back to Shanghai, and published in the 25th issue of Oriental Magazine 18. Because this article was published nearly three months earlier than Death, it was first published in newspapers and periodicals under the signature of Ma Jin.

1October 17 Go through the formalities for returning to China. I arrived in Marseille in June, 5438+08, and stayed for 12 days because of the seamen's strike. I stayed in a beautiful hotel by the sea in Marseille, during which I read The Lugong-magal Family by Zola. Leave Marseille for home by boat on 30th. On the boat, I came up with the idea of writing a novel about family life, and I put forward the title "Spring Dream".

This year, I translated Liao's plays in Paris the night before (it was still early), but the translation was lost on the way back to Shanghai.

During my stay in France, I often communicated with my friends in Esperanto.

During my stay in France, I met Goldman and berkman. Berkman, a Russian anarchist, joined the United States after exile in Western Europe.

/kloc-return to Shanghai in early February. At the invitation of my friend Sophie, I lived in esperanto association, 75 Red Star Plaza for half a month.

This month, a translation of The Life of a Fisherman (Fan Zaidi's autobiography) was published.

This year, I wrote some articles about Russian social movements and revolutionary figures, which were sorted in 1935 and included in the book History of Russian Social Movements.

This year, more than 20 papers and translations have been published.

I was twenty-five years old in 1929 (eighteen years of the Republic of China)

[Shanghai]

1 month moved from hongxingfang to baoguangli 14, Baoshan road, Zhabei, and stayed on the first floor. He left at the end of1932,65438+10 and lived for three years. Here, I created Home, Fog, New Life (first draft) and translated works such as Autumn Spring.

This month, the novella Death began to be serialized in Novel Monthly, which was completed in April, causing repercussions in the literary world. It was Ye Shengtao, editor of Novel Monthly, who decided to publish Death. The publication of Death made Ba Jin embark on the road of literary creation.

This month, I joined the Shanghai Esperanto Society (No.:3 17) as a teacher of Shanghai Esperanto Correspondence School. Later, he was elected as the executive director of the Shanghai Esperanto Society, and did not leave the Esperanto movement until the beginning of 1932. Many articles and works have been translated according to Esperanto, the most important of which are the script Passerby Flowers (by Armitage, Italy), Death of Dandong (by Tolstoy, Soviet Union), Dance of the Skull (by Shirin Akita, Japan) and novella Autumn Spring (by Yuli Baki, Hungary).

A translation of On the Guillotine was published this month.

This month, I started editing the free bookstore founded by anarchists, and edited five issues of Free Monthly under the name of "Mara". Free Bookstore mainly publishes Kropotkin's works. Due to the disagreement between Zhu and Ba Jin, the head of the bookstore, and the economic loss caused by Zhu's gambling, the bookstore closed the following year.

In April, he published an article in the fourth issue of the first volume of Free Monthly, criticizing Qian Xing's evaluation of Tolstoy.

In May, proudhon's Philosophy of Life was translated and published (Kropotkin). This month, I finished translating the second volume of Kropotkin's The Origin and Development of Ethics.

In spring and summer, I met Ma Zongrong, a translator, in Sofia, Baoguang, and his fiancee Luo Shimi (Shu Luo) in late September.

/kloc-in June of 0/4, he wrote "An Interpretation of Shashevsky's Philosophy of Life", which systematically discussed Kropotkin's moral outlook.

In July, my eldest brother Yao Mei came to Shanghai from Chengdu and lived for about a month. During the chat, Ba Jin mentioned the idea of writing "Dream of Spring", which was supported by his eldest brother. Third brother Lin Yao is studying in Beiping and yenching university.

This month, a translation of Philosophy of Life: Origin and Development (Part II) was published.

In August, the book was translated into Stepnyak and published.

The first novella, Death in October, was edited by Weiming Society and published by Ming Kai Bookstore. 1934 This book was banned from selling by the Kuomintang authorities.

At the end of the year, I wrote my first short story, The Landlord.

This year, after Tosov translated Kropotkin's My Autobiography, he asked Feng Zikai to write a book name.

This year, more than 40 translations and articles have been published. Among them, Madeleine's Investigation, Party Soul and Fire Willow and Investigation of Dark Forces are his earliest literary criticism articles.