Spring Festival travel rush craze is defined as:
With Spring Festival travel rush as the boundary, the national transportation peak with special transportation arrangements made by the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Communications and the Civil Aviation Administration on the basis of 15 days before the festival, 25 days after the festival and ***40 days (with slightly different starting and ending times each year) is called Spring Festival travel rush Peak.
During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, the Ministry of Railways implemented special operation charts and added a large number of temporary passenger cars. According to the survey, Spring Festival travel rush peak has been recorded by the Ministry of Railways since 1954, but the passenger flow is far from the present, with an average daily passenger flow of 730,000 and a peak passenger flow of 900,000, which lasts for 15 days before and after the Spring Festival. After 80s, a large number of migrant workers went out, and Spring Festival travel rush craze became a social hotspot. Every year in Spring Festival travel rush, railway transportation is the top priority. The Ministry of Railways adopts three sets of capacity schemes: basic scheme, preparatory scheme and emergency scheme to deal with normal passenger flow, peak passenger flow and sudden passenger flow respectively.
Key areas and routes of Spring Festival travel rush peak
The key areas before the Spring Festival are usually Beijing and Guangzhou.
The key areas after the holiday are generally Chengdu, Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanchang, Hefei, Fuyang and other places.
The main trunk lines of Spring Festival travel rush Peak include: Beijing-Guangzhou Line, Beijing-Kowloon Line, Beijing-Shanghai Line, Jingha Line, Longhai Line, Lanxin Line, Shanghai-Hangzhou Line, Zhejiang-Jiangxi Line, Liujiao Line, Xiangyu Line, Baocheng Line, Xiang Qian Line, Guizhou-Guangxi Line and Sichuan-Guizhou Line.
The strategy of rushing to transport railway in Spring Festival travel rush.
In order to achieve the goal of "ensuring safety, meeting key points, being stable and orderly, and providing good service", the overall strategy of the national railway in Spring Festival travel rush is "customer-oriented, both passenger and freight win-win; South passenger and north goods, South Locomotive and North Transfer; Overall arrangement, the key points must be guaranteed; Stop properly and prepare for emergency; Vehicles tap the potential, short stop and long stay; There is a flow, no flow stops. "
Memorabilia of railway price increase during Spring Festival travel rush
Since the early 1990s, the former State Planning Commission and other departments have carried out a series of partial reforms on railway fares. During the period of Spring Festival travel rush 1993, the floating fare increase will be implemented for passengers entering and leaving Guangdong Province by train.
During Spring Festival travel rush in 2000, the fares of some railway trains increased. In the past, the peak passenger flow in front of Spring Festival travel rush mostly appeared in the first 9 to 3 days of Spring Festival travel rush. After the fare increase, the peak passenger flow in Spring Festival travel rush was three days earlier and three days later.
In 200 1 year, it is estimated that the number of passengers sent by Spring Festival travel rush Railway will reach1340,000. Before Spring Festival travel rush, the Ministry of Railways officially decided to implement a fare floating scheme for some trains and periods with tight capacity.
On June 8, 2006, Qiao Zhanxiang, a lawyer of Hebei Sanhe Times Law Firm, applied to the Ministry of Railways for administrative reconsideration, questioning the administrative behavior of the Ministry of Railways in implementing the fare increase of some passenger trains during Spring Festival travel rush in 2006. The lawsuit ended in Qiao Zhanxiang losing the case.
On June 65438+1October 65438+February 2002, the first railway price hearing in the history of China was held in Beijing. Thirty-three delegates reviewed the proposal put forward by the Ministry of Railways, and most delegates agreed in principle to implement government-guided prices for some passenger trains.
On June 27th, 2002, 65438, the former State Planning Commission issued the Notice of the State Planning Commission on Promulgating the Implementation Plan of Government-guided Prices for Some Passenger Trains, which authorized the Ministry of Railways to raise the fares within a certain range, but it did not exclude the two legal obligations of the Ministry of Railways to report to the State Council for approval and apply for a hearing.
During the period of Spring Festival travel rush in 2003, the railway fares rose sharply, among which the hard seat fares rose by 15% and the berth tickets rose by 20%. There was no hearing on the price increase of Spring Festival travel rush Railway this time, which attracted many voices of doubt in the society. The Ministry of Railways explained that this is because "the conclusions reached by holding the hearing can be applied for a long time in similar situations".
During Spring Festival travel rush in 2004 and 2005, the increase of railway fares was the same as that in 2003. There was no hearing before the price increase.
At the National "Two Sessions" in 2005, Wang Xiang, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, submitted a proposal to cancel the illegal fare increase of railway Spring Festival travel rush, pointing out that the fare increase of railway Spring Festival travel rush is double illegal: it violates the Price Law and the Consumer Protection Law. The railway department wants to regulate the passenger flow, but the passenger flow has not decreased because of the price increase.
After the end of Spring Festival travel rush in 2006, according to the statistics of Spring Festival travel rush Railway Rushing Office of the Ministry of Railways, the number of passengers transported by Spring Festival travel rush Railway that year was 65.438+0.49 billion, a record high. The hope of the Ministry of Railways to ease the peak pressure of passenger flow in Spring Festival travel rush by raising prices has not been realized.
At the National "Two Sessions" in 2006, Ji Jishan, a deputy to the National People's Congress, said: The craze in Spring Festival travel rush is rising year by year, and the thunder cannot stop it. Spring Festival travel rush has been raising prices for six years. Why is there no restriction on passenger flow? At the initial hearing, it was hard not to think that the railway sector was a "cover" for monopoly.
On June 5438+1October 10, 2007, Wang Yongping, spokesman of the Ministry of Railways of China, announced that from this year, the railway ticket price will no longer be subject to the floating system during Spring Festival travel rush.
Spring Festival travel rush craze in the eyes of scholars
Many experts and scholars believe that there are a series of deep-seated factors behind the climax of Spring Festival travel rush, such as the big problems of social development in China, the local concept of China people, the dual structure of urban and rural areas, the allocation of resources, the obstacles of household registration and so on.
1. Spring Festival travel rush craze is inevitable for resource allocation (Associate Professor, School of Economics, Zhejiang University)
In our Spring Festival travel rush craze, transportation capacity, existing resource allocation and social development are all aggravating the difficulty of going home. A large number of farmers who go out to work have to return home for the Spring Festival at the same time, and the passenger transport market has triggered a series of crises because demand far exceeds supply. So many people go home in one place at once, which will definitely bring some problems. There are a large number of low-quality surplus laborers in rural areas of China. Although this part of the labor force can be called economic resources in theory, it is a large number of cheap labor force, but in fact, because there are not many suitable jobs in the local area, they have been unemployed for a long time and can only go out to work far from their hometown. And those farmers who have not left home and can't earn money at home have been on the verge of poverty for a long time and become hidden dangers of social crisis.
In addition, China's regional economic imbalance has also led to this population flow. For example, if migrant workers in Anhui can earn the same money by doing the same job in Hefei and Hangzhou, why do they come to Hangzhou again? With the development of society, the coordinated economic development between the east and the west can evacuate people, the mode of transportation has changed, and the tide of returning home in Spring Festival travel rush can be alleviated.
Second, Spring Festival travel rush will eventually become a historical term (Professor of Sociology, Zhejiang University).
Every country has a floating population, but in China, the purpose of floating population is to make a living. To solve a series of problems such as Spring Festival travel rush fever, it is necessary to integrate the floating population into the local society.
Migrant workers who have worked in Hangzhou for three or four years have the same job and are doing the same job. They are still migrant workers. The reason is the hukou barrier. If the hukou problem is solved, the place where they work will really become the place where they live, and the regular tide of migrant workers will be alleviated. For example, Americans, from the local area to the capital new york, can have a viable family to settle down, and there will be no similar problems at all.
The local governments in foreign countries, especially in developed countries, have a common belief and common behavior, that is, the foreign population can only be welcomed, not restricted, and can only be treated equally with the locals without discrimination. Because, the inflow and return of people from all over the world shows that the region has a good investment environment, rapid economic development, high government efficiency and is at the forefront of regional competition; On the other hand, it is also the fundamental guarantee to adjust the supply and demand of local labor force, curb the rise of local wage costs and promote the further development of local economy. It is against common sense to restrict and hinder the inflow of population, and it is not what wise people do.
If hukou and treatment are not a problem, although China people have a strong local concept, they don't have to go back to their hometown every year after living in the city for a long time.
Third, from the free flow of labor force to the free migration of population (researcher, Institute of Economics, China Academy of Social Sciences)
Spring Festival travel rush is not a routine of the transportation industry, and it is not a static system, but it is a last resort under the existing institutional arrangements. As far as Spring Festival travel rush is concerned, as far as Spring Festival travel rush is concerned, it is impossible to ease the Spring Festival travel rush issue. It is even less helpful for migrant workers to bring their families for the New Year and stay in the local area with high salaries.
First of all, once migrant workers are allowed to move into cities and developed areas to settle down and get married, many people will not go back to their hometown for the New Year, and the Spring Festival travel rush peak problem will disappear. Secondly, if the population is allowed to move freely, the existing series of unequal policies for migrant workers, including household registration, employment, social security, education, etc., will be difficult to survive and implement, and the urbanization process will be accelerated. This is a great driving force for China's long-term economic growth in the future. Third, many social security conditions that exist because of migrant workers will be greatly improved. More importantly, allowing the population to move freely and the above changes will accelerate the process of social democratization in China. This may be a big problem that China must face in social transformation.