As for launching Xiangling, it is along the back block. Or the king ordered an emergency notice, sometimes going to Baidicheng and going to Jiangling at dusk. During this period, although he took the wind, he didn't get sick.
In spring and summer, the green pool is surging and the reflection is clear. There are many strange cypresses, hanging springs and waterfalls flying in them.
Rong Qing Junmao, it's fun. At the beginning of every sunny day, first frost is in the sky, the forest is cold and quiet, and high apes often whistle, which is a sad thing.
The empty valley echoes and the sadness turns for a long time. So the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge of the Three Gorges in Badong is long, and the apes cry three times!" The Three Gorges is 700 miles, with mountains on both sides and almost no gaps.
Layers of peaks and rocks cover the sky and block the sun. If there were no noon and midnight, we would not see the sun and the moon.
In summer, floods overflow the hills on both sides of the river, and the upper and lower sewers are cut off. Sometimes the emperor has an imperial decree, which must be conveyed quickly. He started from Baidicheng in the morning and arrived at Jiangling, which is 1200 miles away in the evening. Even if he rides a galloping horse and flies in the long wind, it's not that fast.
Spring and winter festivals, white rapids, dancing waves; The green pool reflects the mountains on both sides. On the extremely steep mountain peak, there are many cypresses and waterfalls with strange postures, where the water is clear and the trees are luxuriant, the mountains are steep and the green grass is abundant, which is really interesting.
In Chuqing after the rain or first frost Day, every morning, the Shan Ye in the forest is cold and bleak, and there are often apes singing in the heights, and the sound is continuous and abnormal. The echo echoed in the empty valley and it took a long time to disappear.
So the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong is long, and the apes cry three times." The author Li Daoyuan (about 466-527), who lived in the Northern Wei Dynasty, was born in an official family in Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province, and loved sightseeing when he was a teenager.
Later, when he became an official, he traveled all over the country. Every time he visited places of interest, he also carefully surveyed the topography of the water surface and learned about coastal geography, landforms, soil, climate, people's production and life, and regional changes. He found that the ancient geography book "Water Mirror" lacked accurate records of the ins and outs of large and small rivers. However, due to the changes of the times and the rise and fall of cities, some rivers were diverted and renamed, but they were not supplemented and explained in the book.
Li Daoyuan then personally annotated the water mirror. In order to write notes about water mirrors, he read more than 400 books, consulted all the maps, studied a large number of cultural relics, and personally went to the field to check the records in the books.
Water mirror has 65,438+037 rivers and 65,438+100,000 words. After Li Daoyuan's annotation, the number of river maps increased to 1252, with * * * 300,000 words, 20 times more than the original. The book describes the origin and flow direction of rivers, the physical geography and economic geography of each basin, as well as volcanoes, hot springs and water conservancy projects.
This book is beautiful and vivid, and it can also be said to be a literary work. Because of its great value in the history of China's scientific and cultural development, many scholars in the past dynasties specially studied it and formed "Sydney".
The eloquent Li Daoyuan attacked Yongning Hou first, and the case was reduced to Bo. Li Biao, the assistant commander of the suggestion, wrote a decree in Daoyuan, and cited it as a book to help the suggestion.
Biaoyou is played as a servant, and Daoyuan is relieved of his official position. Jingmingzhong is a Jizhou town with a long history.
The secretariat is very strong and obedient to the queen's father. The west is Guanzhong, and it has not yet reached the state. Daoyuan acted for three years.
The government is harsh, officials are afraid, and traitors flee to other places. After trying to defend Luyang County, Daoyuan issued a statement advocating persuasion.
Zhao said: "Luyang was originally a barbarian, and there was no college student. Listen to it now, so as to be a good man and keep Wen Weng. "
Daoyuan is in the county seat, and the mountain is quite famous. I dare not be a coach. Yan Changzhong, as the secretariat of East Jingzhou, was a powerful politician, as in Jizhou.
The barbarian told me that he had invited Kouzuli, the former secretariat. And sent Daoyuan back to Beijing with 70 garrison soldiers, and the two were relieved of their duties.
After that, He Nanyin. Ming Di changed the towns of Woye, Huai Shuo, Bo Gu, Wuchuan, Fuming, Rouxuan, Huang Huai and Yuyi into states, and its county, county and garrison were named as ancient cities.
Zhao Daoyuan holds the festival and serves as assistant minister of Huangmen. Chiyi and Li Chong, the viceroy, should set up a position and cut their future. Towns will rebel, but they will return in vain.
At the beginning of Xiaochang, Liang sent generals to attack Yangzhou, and Yuan Mu rebelled in Pengcheng. Zhao Daoyuan kept the festival, served as a servant, took photos of Taiwan officials, saved the armies, and shot Li Ping's story according to the servant.
Liang Jun went to Yang Guo, but failed. There are many gains from the recovery of Daoyuan.
After the suggestion, lieutenant. Tao Element is called Meng Yan, and Quan Hao is afraid of it.
But it can't be corrected, and its reputation is even worse. Alice and Ruyue have a good relationship and often sleep together.
And the election of state officials is mostly because of reading. I often sleep in seclusion and return to my home. Daoyuan came to see me secretly, took my thoughts and sent me to prison.
Queen Yue Qiling, please read your mind and forgive me. Daoyuan did his best because he was satisfied with it.
At that time, the secretariat of Yongzhou was slightly exposed, and the assistant minister and Chengyang Wang was jealous of Daoyuan, and was sent as a close friend ambassador on the grounds of satirizing the court. Bao was worried about Daoyuan's self-interest and sent a physician to surround Daoyuan at the Yinpan Post Station.
The pavilion is on the mountain and often eats wells under the mountain. Now we are surrounded. Without water, we can't cross the well more than ten feet.
The water bent as hard as it could, and the thief climbed over the wall and went in. Daoyuan and his brother Daoque were both killed.
Knife scolds thieves, sharp death. Baoyu sent his father and son to Chang 'an East.
Things were peaceful, and the funeral was also given to Shangshu of the official department, the secretariat of Jizhou and the Duke of Anding County. Daoyuan was eager to learn and read strange books, and wrote 40 volumes of Water Mirror, with 0/3 articles in this journal/kloc.
It is also a "seven hires", and all articles are in the world. However, brothers don't get along and are too jealous. On this occasion, the Yangtze River continues to flow eastward, passing through Wuxia Gorge.
Wuxia Gorge was dug by Du Yu when he sent someone to talk. Guo Zhongchan said: "According to the geography of Hanshu, Wushan is in the southwest of Wushan County, but now Wushan is in the east of Wushan County, probably because the location of the county is not fixed!" The Yangtze River passes through Wuxia Gorge, flows eastward, and passes through the newly collapsed beach.
This mountain collapsed once in the 12th year of Han Yongyuan and once again in the 2nd year of Shanxi Taiyuan. When it collapsed, the water flowed back more than a hundred miles, causing waves dozens of feet high.
At present, some stones on the beach are round and some are square, and there are many others like this. They all rolled down from the collapsed cliff, which made the swift river more swift, so it was called the new collapse beach. Compared with other peaks, the other collapsed cliffs are still towering.
The newly collapsed beach extends downward for more than ten miles.
2. The mainstay of Du Mu's translation of classical Chinese (Ming) Du Mu's mainstay [1] (Ming) Du Mu's mainstay is on the Yellow River five miles east of Shaanxi.
It is named because it looks like a pillar. "Gong Yu" means that the East is dominant [2], that is.
May, Daoshan, will meet the constitutional festival and drink between words [3], eager to swim with it, so that things can not be done. 10, I went back to Shaanxi, Duan Junyou was in front of me and decided to go.
Yi Mao Yan Jun, the state magistrate, ordered Zhou students Xiong Fu and Zhang Chongmian to take lunch 20 miles away from the state, and then 20 miles downstream to gather in Tianjin for 10 miles to Sanmen. Three people [4], the middle is called the God Gate, the south is called the Ghost Gate, and the north gate is called the People Gate.
At first, it was a boulder, as flat as a rock. I thought the river was flooded, so I cut it into three. In the meantime, the voice was as excited as thunder.
The gate of hell is particularly sinister. It's rare to be called a ghost when a raft enters, so it's appropriate. The width of the three doors is about twenty feet.
Its fifty paces in the northeast are the mainstay. Worship about three zhangs, and count the weeks.
According to legend, there is an inscription by Emperor Taizong, which no longer exists today. Cai's Biography of Books is based on three doors [5], and Zhou Zhi is also called Sanmen Mountain: they have never been to their place in person, so this is a fallacy.
According to "Sui Shu", after seven years of great cause, the pillar of landslide plunged into the river and went against the current for dozens of miles. Pillars, now towering into the sky, there is no civil engineering, and the river is only three doors wide. Did Xi collapse, destroy the river and branch it back dozens of miles away? Cover the mountains on both sides of the river, which is called collapse at that time. People think it is a column and a stone book [6].
Mencius said, "It is better to believe in books than to have no books." Yes! Note: [1] pillar: a pillar, located in the north of Shan County, Henan Province and the southeast of Pinglu County, Shanxi Province.
In Teli Yellow River, it is shaped like a pillar, which is the so-called "mainstay". [2] "Gong Yu": An article contained in "Shangshu" contains "Guide the river, ... east to the bottom column".
[3]: The representative of Jian Junshu in Ming Dynasty. [4] Sanmen: Sanmenxia, east of Shaanxi County and west of the mainstay.
There are two stone islands in the river, which divide the river into three roads, forming the three Gorges of Manmen, Shenmen and Guimen. Among them, the people's gate is wide and can pass through the boat; The gate of hell is the narrowest, and the current is so fast that ships dare not enter.
Sanmenxia Reservoir was built here. [5] Chua's Biography: refers to the Song God of Wealth's Biography of Shangshu.
Shanggong: the bottom pillar analyzes the city, as for the palace. Cai Shen's note: "The bottom pillar flows in the middle of the river, such as a pillar, which is now Sanmen Mountain in Shaanxi Province."
[6] Stone: refers to the author. Du Mu (1459— 1525) was a writer in the Ming Dynasty.
The word Xuan Jing is from Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province. In the twelfth year of Hongzhi, he was a scholar, in charge of the Ministry of Industry, a doctor in the Ministry of Industry, and an official in Shao Qing.
He is the author of "Journey to the West", "Flowers Like Brocade", "Southern Good Poetry" and "Southern Good Poetry". Bumu's "Pillar" is not so much a travelogue as a prose about pillars.
There are only three natural paragraphs in the full text. The first paragraph is about talking to yourself, and desire and determination are the mainstay. The second paragraph is about the process of traveling the mainstay: starting from Shaanxi, going along the river to Sanmen, observing Sanmen and seeing the mainstay. The third paragraph refutes the fallacy of the mainstay in traditional books and communications by personal investigation. This is really a good travel book.
However, if we read the original text carefully and chew slowly, we will find that Du Mu's investigation of the mainstay is meticulous and powerful in explaining and distinguishing books and spreading fallacies. This is the core and essence of this paper.
This may also be the reason why Bumu chose the mainstay as the topic of this article, rather than the wandering mainstay or the travel notes of the mainstay. Ancient tourists visited the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, not only for sightseeing, but also for investigation and collecting wind.
This article is a vivid manifestation of this point. From the whole content and layout, the column is also unique.
The first two sentences show that the mainstay is in the "Yellow River", 50 miles away from Shaanxi, and the name of "mainstay" is because of its "shape like a pillar". The word "shaped like a stone pillar" here explains the origin of the name of the stone pillar, but more importantly, it paves the way for the investigation of the stone pillar in the next two natural paragraphs.
This is the beauty of the article layout. For example, in the second paragraph of nature, Bu Mu wrote "Three Gates" with heavy pen and ink, including the geographical location, name and origin, the situation during the waterway and so on.
This seems to be contrary to the topic of pillar, but it is not. Describe Sanmen in detail, one is to explain that the position of the mainstay is in Sanmen "fifty paces northeast", and the other is to make it in sharp contrast with the mainstay, which shows that Sanmen is neither a mainstay nor a mainstay.
In the first paragraph, it has been pointed out that the column is "shaped like a column", but what about the three doors? It was a huge stone at first, but it was as flat as a rock. Although I am "chiseled into three", "flat as a rock" will not change, will it? Obviously, "flat as a rock" does not mean "shaped like a cylinder".
What about the mainstay of Sanmen's "Fifty Steps to the Northeast"? "Worship about three zhangs, weeks several zhangs", obviously "shaped like a column". This shows the author's good intentions.
For another example, in the third natural paragraph, Du Mu's fallacy of distinguishing books and biography still firmly grasped the feature that the mainstay is "shaped like a pillar" to distinguish and refute it. The authors of Shu Zhuan and Zhou Zhi are mainly three, because they have never been there in person.
Obviously, if you go on a field trip in person, you will know at a glance which is "flat as a rock" and which is "shaped like a stone pillar", and there will be no fallacy. Similarly, there will be no absurd record of "crossing the river" when a pillar collapses in Sui Shu.
The third aspect of the article Zhuzi is that Bumu visited Sanmen and Zhuzi, which not only enriched the records about Zhuzi in Gong Yu, but also corrected the fallacies in Shu Zhuan, Zhou Zhi and especially Sui Shu. More importantly, it explains the relationship between learning book knowledge and learning in practice reasonably and incisively, and confirms Mencius' famous saying: "It is better to believe books without books."
Here, Bumu emphasizes not only books, but also realism. Books must be read, but they should be read critically.
Books are the accumulation of valuable experience of predecessors and one of the ways for human beings to acquire knowledge from generation to generation. But you can't study hard and eat books. When reading, ask more questions about why.
At the same time, we should pay attention to practice, test book knowledge in practice, and enrich and develop book knowledge. This is the correct way to read.
This view of Du Mu is also applicable to today's scholars. In addition, concise language is also an important feature of the column.
For example, the phrase "because it looks like a pillar, it is named" plays a leading role in the whole article. Only "according to legend, there is an inscription by Emperor Taizong, which no longer exists today", which shows the meticulous investigation.
And "leap".
Who can help me translate the classical Chinese "mainstay" and "Yanzi Chunqiu": "I have tried my best to help the river from the monarch, and I have left my position to become a mainstay." The mainstay is located in the rapids below Sanmenxia Dam. The ferryman on the Yellow River is also called "Come towards me", which is about 30 kilometers away from the city. In winter, when the water is shallow, it is more than two feet above the water surface; In the flood season, it only shows a spire, which seems to be swallowed up by the flood immediately, which is extremely thrilling. For thousands of years, regardless of storms or stormy waves, it has always turned the tide and stood proudly in the Yellow River, as an angry lion, strong and fearless, and has been hailed as a symbol of the Chinese national spirit since ancient times. In 638 AD, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, came here and wrote a poem "Looking up at the stone pillars, looking north at Longmen, the vast ruins, and the vast Changchun", and ordered the minister Wei Zhi to stay in the shadow of the stone pillars. Liu Gongquan, a famous calligrapher, also wrote a long poem for it, including "a lonely peak floating in the water, a pillar floating in the sky." Withstand three dangers, the root is connected with nine bends. The column is abrupt and the waves are ups and downs.
According to legend, the mainstay is the pillar of the town river left by Dayu when he was in charge of water control, and it is also the embodiment of an old ferryman of the Yellow River. A long time ago, an old ferryman led several cargo ships downstream and sailed to the mouth of Shenmen River. Suddenly, the weather changed suddenly, the wind continued and the rain poured down. In a flash, the canyon was filled with white waves and fog. I couldn't see the clear water and I couldn't tell the direction. The old ferryman sailed the boat through the Divine Gate and saw that the boat was about to be pushed to the rocks by the wind and waves. The old ferryman shouted, "Take the helm and come to me". He jumped into the waves. The boatmen didn't know what was going on, but they heard someone shouting "Come towards me, come towards me". It turned out that the old ferryman was standing in the middle of the rapids to guide the ship. The boatmen drove ahead and were about to pull him aboard when a wave pushed the boat downstream and left the dangerous place. The boatmen tied the boat downstream and went back to find the old ferryman. He saw himself turned into a stone island, holding his head high in the rapids, guiding the passing ships. Therefore, people call this stone island-"the mainstay" or "come to me".
4. Du Mu's translation of "Pillar", as long as it is translated, how can there be a situation in which the river is blocked and the river flows back dozens of miles? Probably because there are mountains on both sides of the river, some people think it may collapse, so everyone calls it the mainstay. It is in Dongwuli, Shaanxi, and now it stands high in the middle of the river, with no soil or trees on it. And the river is only as wide as Sanmen and Zhang Chongmian following me. The north gate is a human gate, and the south gate is a ghost gate. In the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the level is like a mainstay. The river was flooded at that time.
Because it looks like a pillar, it is named as a pillar. According to Yu Gong, I had lunch 20 miles away from the state, with a radius of about several feet.
According to legend, there is an inscription by Emperor Taizong.
Cai's book biography is mainly based on three doors, and Zhou Zhi also thinks that Sanmen Mountain is the main one, which is better than no book, and its sound is like thunder. The gate of hell is particularly sinister. It only takes one boat to enter and rarely escapes, so it is called a ghost.
Fifty paces in the northeast is the mainstay. It is about three feet high.
They should be a big rock at first, when they hold a party. /kloc-in October, I returned to Shaanxi, and Duan Wenji had been there before me.
All three doors are very wide, about twenty feet wide. Now they are all gone, and they have been carved into three pieces by Yu. The water trip, I decided to go, and historians recorded it as history.
Mencius said, "Believe in books. In 2008, Yan Ruhuan, a student, asked Xiong to open the kettle and talked to him about the scenery here.
I really wanted to see it at that time, but I didn't go because of a business trip. In May, when passing through Shaanxi, I met Duan Wenji, and the river was drawn eastward to reach the stone pillar, which means here. This name is really appropriate. "
That makes sense. Landslides blocked the river, causing the river to flow back for dozens of miles. Pillar: But the author didn't investigate it himself, so there was a misunderstanding.
Sui Shu records that after seven years' great cause, he walked 20 miles along Hezhe River and walked 10 in Sanmen before he got together in Tianjin. The one with three doors, the one in the middle is called Shenmen.