Fan Chengda (1126-1193) was called a Shi Hu layman. People from Wuxian County, Pingjiang (this county is now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province). Poets in Southern Song Dynasty. His parents died young and his family was poor. In the twenty-fourth year of Shaoxing, Song Gaozong (1 154), he was a scholar, first awarded Hu Cao, then served as a supervisory and agency bureau, and served as a magistrate in the government. In order to change the etiquette of accepting Guo Xu's imperial edict and asking for Henan's "mausoleum", he was sent to the State of Jin. He was generous, fearless of violence, almost died, and did not disgrace his mission. Later, he served as CEO of Jingjiang, Xiandu and Jiankang. In Xichun, the official took part in political affairs. Because of disagreement with Xiaozong, he left his job two months later. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in his hometown of Shihu. Died in Fan Chengda Wen's tomb. He is as famous as You Mao, Yang Wanli and Lu You, and is known as the "Four Poets of ZTE". He started with Jiangxi School, then studied poetry in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, inherited the realistic spirit of poets such as Bai Juyi, Wang Jian and Zhang Ji, and finally became a family of his own. Simple style, fresh and charming. Poetry has a wide range of themes, and the works that reflect the content of rural social life have the highest achievements. On his way to Shanxi, he wrote 72 quatrains such as Qingyuan Store, Qiao Zhou and Shuangmiao, which reflected the painful life and national feelings of the northern people. Patriotic feelings are passionate and tragic. His Rent Collection Bank, Post Rent Collection Bank, Reeling Bank and Lao She Geng exposed the cruelty of feudal exploitation and sympathized with the people's suffering. In his later years, he wrote 60 pieces of "Four Seasons Pastoral Fun", describing rural scenery, local customs and farmers' life. The style is fresh and lively, beautiful and smooth, full of charm, with the characteristics of folk songs, and it is a master of ancient pastoral poetry. This kind of poem had a great influence in the late Southern Song Dynasty. His prose was also famous at that time. His poems are full of affection. His early works are close to Qin Guan, and his later works are close to Su Shi. Fan Chengda's works had a significant influence in the late Southern Song Dynasty, especially in the early Qing Dynasty. At that time, there was a saying that "Jiannan is the home south and Shihu is the lake" ("Jiannan" refers to Lu You's "Jiannan Poetry Draft"). For example, one of the songs "Summer" said: "You go out during the day and perform well at night, and the children in the village take care of each other. Children and grandchildren are not prepared to farm and weave, but also learn to grow melons in mulberry shade. " Write about the hard work of a peasant family, which is kind and simple and has a strong local flavor. He also wrote some works about making friends, traveling, mourning for the old and sad, and even talking about Buddhist scriptures and meditation. Yang Wanli's Preface to the Poems of Shihu Jushi said: "(Fan Chengda's poems) are big and short; Without brewing, it will shrink without brewing. Fresh and charming, there is Bao Xie in the election; Run away vigorously and chase Taibai. Chen chen, who seeks his words, can't win the world in one song. " For details about his life, see History of the Song Dynasty, Volume 386. There are poems by Shihu laymen and Shihu Ci.

Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellaneous Fun is a group of large-scale family poems written by Fan Chengda, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, after he retired to his hometown. It is divided into five parts: spring, late spring, summer, autumn and winter, with 60 songs in each part 12. Poetry describes the rural scenery and farmers' life in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and also reflects the exploitation and suffering suffered by farmers.

No. 1

Four seasons pastoral miscellaneous interest

Tilling during the day, numb at night,

The children in the village are responsible for their own affairs.

Children and grandchildren have not been liberated to engage in farming and textile,

And learn to grow melons in the shade of mulberry trees.

translate

Weeding in the fields during the day and rubbing hemp at home at night, both men and women in the village have their own household affairs. Although the children can't plow and weave, they have learned to grow melons in the shade of mulberry trees.

Brief analysis

This poem describes a scene of summer life in the countryside.

The first sentence "Going out to farm during the day, getting hemp at night" means: weeding in the field during the day and rubbing hemp thread at night. "Tillage" means weeding. In early summer, the seedlings need weeding. This is what men should do. "Ji Ma" refers to women who rub twine and weave cloth at night after finishing other work during the day. This sentence directly wrote the labor scene. The second sentence "the children in the village mind their own affairs" refers to men and women. The whole poem uses the tone of an old farmer, and "children" refers to young people. "Being in charge" means that both men and women are not allowed to be idle and mind their own business. In the third sentence, "children and grandchildren are not prepared for farming and weaving", and "children and grandchildren" refer to those children who can neither farm nor weave, but are not idle. They have been in contact with and love labor since childhood, so they "learn to grow melons under the shade of mulberry trees" and learn to grow melons under the lush mulberry trees. This is a common phenomenon in rural areas, but it is quite distinctive. The conclusion shows the naive interest of rural children.

With a fresh style, the poet described the tense labor atmosphere in the early summer in the countryside in a more delicate way, which made it interesting to read.

second

Four seasons pastoral miscellaneous interest

Plums are golden, apricots are fat,

The wheat is gray and the cauliflower is thin.

No one crossed the long fence,

Only dragonflies and butterflies can fly.

translate

A plum tree becomes golden, and the apricots grow bigger and bigger;

Buckwheat flowers are white and rape flowers are sparse.

The day is very long, farmers are busy working in the fields, and they don't go home at noon, and no one walks in front of the door;

Only dragonflies and cabbage butterflies fly around the fence.

Brief analysis

This poem is about the rural scenery of Jiangnan in early summer. In the poem, plums are yellow, apricots are fat, wheat is white, and cauliflower is sparse, which describes the characteristics of rural scenery in the south in summer, with rich flowers and fruits and tangible colors. In the first two sentences, plums and apricots are fat, wheat and cabbage are thin and brightly colored. The third sentence of the poem describes the situation of farmers' labor from the side: in early summer, farmers are busy with farming, so they go out early and return late, so they rarely see pedestrians during the day. The last sentence uses "only dragonflies and butterflies are flying" to set off the silence in the village, which makes it even quieter. The last two sentences, the days are long and the people are sparse, dragonflies fly and butterflies dance, making the movement quiet. [2]

third place

Four seasons pastoral miscellaneous interest

Charter a boat and wait for the warehouse to open.

These particles are as white as pearls.

Don't hesitate to win or lose,

Still won, the chaff and the core are children!

Brief analysis

This poem describes the hard harvest of farmers all year round, almost all of which was won by the government, and only some coarse chaff was given to children. The poet painted this picture of the peasants' blood and tears with great sympathy.