1, oil-soluble method

Oil dissolution method is to use liquid edible oil (such as cottonseed) at room temperature.

Oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, etc. ) soaked in Chili peel or dried Chili powder.

Capsaicin is dissolved in edible oil, and then through a certain method.

A method for extracting capsanthin from oil [8].

Process flow: pepper → extraction → distillation → capsicum oleoresin →

Hydrolysis → filtration → solid → soaking → vacuum filtration → extraction.

Liquid → vacuum distillation → pigment concentration and refining → drying → spicy powder.

Pepper pigment.

Separation of oil and pigment when extracting capsanthin by oil-soluble method

It is difficult, so the extraction rate of capsanthin is low and it is not easy to develop color.

Products with high prices have basically stopped using.

2. Solvent method

This is the normal production method of paprika red pigment: it will remove bad.

Grinding pepper, dried pepper of stems and seeds into powder, and mixing with organic solvent (such as acetone,

Ether, chloroform, trichloroethane, n-hexane, etc. ), and leaching

The liquid was concentrated to obtain primary capsicum oleoresin, and the product was obtained by vacuum distillation [9].

Process flow: Chili powder → organic solvent extraction → vacuum return.

Solvent collection → oily red pigment → organic solvent extraction → vacuum recovery.

Solvent → product

There are four methods to extract capsanthin with organic solvent: soaking.

Methods: Percolation, reflux extraction and Soxhlet extraction.

At present, most manufacturers at home and abroad produce capsanthin.

Solvent extraction is adopted, but no matter which extraction method is adopted.

In that production, Chili powder needs to be ground into powder and then extracted, and the operating cost is high.

Use higher. In addition, due to the residue after extraction, there is still a considerable amount.

The amount of red pigment [10] is large and the purification cost is high.

It is expensive and the utilization rate of residue is poor, which brings difficulties to production. Wu Ming talks with others.

When talking about the new extraction technology of natural paprika red pigment, the thermal utilization is mentioned.

A new technology of extracting capsicum red pigment by countercurrent method [1 1].

Process flow: dried chili → seeded and chopped → capsaicin extracted → removed.

Spicy → extracting red pigment → concentrating under reduced pressure → vacuum drying → red pigment.

↓

Residue deep processing → by-products

Its advantages are mainly manifested in three aspects: 1) short extraction time,

Less solvent consumption, high yield and high color value; 2) No raw materials are needed before extraction.

Pulverized into powder, the operation cost is reduced, and the utilization value of residue is great.

At present, a series of products with high added value have been developed. In addition, it avoids

Due to the excessive destruction of plant cell walls, some of them have larger molecular weights.

Leaching of product components [12]. This process integrates filtering, extraction,

Centralized and integrated, so the equipment investment and operating costs are relatively low;

3) The red pigment can be extracted by this process, and the finished product can be obtained at one time.

There is no need to refine, and all indicators meet the relevant standards.

In a word, the process has high application value, because it adopts

Equipment and the current general solvent extraction equipment for capsanthin.

Close, so it also provides an ideal for the technological transformation of manufacturers.

The way.

3. Supercritical CO2 fluid extraction method

Supercritical CO2 fluid extraction is the process of using the supercritical CO2 fluid above critical temperature,

Extraction process with supercritical CO2 fluid as solvent. Supercritical

Fluid extraction is a new chemical separation technology, the key is to understand.

Solubility of supercritical fluid and its variation with many factors

Regularity. This technology has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption, non-toxic solvent and easy extraction.

The purity of the recovered product is extremely high, and the residual solvent conforms to FA.

O/ WHO requirements.

The pigments obtained by extraction method are mostly mixed pigments, and the method is simple and successful.

The cost is relatively low, the color price is high, and it has become a general preparation worker at home and abroad.

This method is an advanced extraction method, but it needs further development.

Step by step.

4. Silica gel column chromatography

Separation of capsicum pigment by silica gel column chromatography belongs to partition chromatography, which is fundamental.

According to the structural differences between pigment and capsaicin, it is combined and fixed on silica gel.

The solubility in phase and eluent is different, so the solubility in stationary phase and eluent is also different.

The distribution coefficients between liquids are different to achieve the separation effect. current operation

Simple, low requirements for equipment conditions, good separation effect, and removal of spicy taste.

I totally agree. The eluent of this column is petroleum ether: ethanol (90%) =2∶ 1.

Special agent.

Inner Mongolia University of Technology used its column chromatography when extracting red pigment.

Using 100 ~ 200 mesh silica gel as filler, petroleum ether and acetone (volume ratio

10: 1), and the compound solution is the eluent; The recovery rate of pigment was 67.2%

The color value is 65; Can form orange, red and light yellow.

Stripes are beneficial to the fine separation of effective components in red pepper.

Yuan Qingyun separated capsanthin by silica gel column chromatography [13]. way

The method includes the following steps: after enzyme treatment, ripe dry pepper is mixed with ethanol and petroleum ether.

Solvent extraction. The extract was separated by silica gel column chromatography to obtain a non-spicy extract.

Flavor red pigment, and then concentrated into a viscous state in vacuum. Get red

Viscous liquid, tested by drugs in Guizhou Province, contains 0.37% water and 0.37% fat.

The content is 90.68%, and the color value of the pigment is 143, without capsaicin.

Although chromatography can produce products with many colors, such as purple.

The red capsanthin is separated from the orange-red capsanthin, but

The operation cost is high and the process is complicated and difficult.

5. Thin layer chromatography

Thin layer chromatography has the advantages of rapid separation, high efficiency and high sensitivity.

Can be used for preparation and quantitative analysis, and many natural pigments can be used as thin layers.

Chromatographic analysis. Chen Lianzhi et al [14] used 20320 silica gel (Shanghai Sea

The plate made by foreign chemical engineering research institute was developed in petroleum ether ∶ acetone = 10∶ 1.

The TLC chromatogram was obtained by rising for 65438 05 minutes. Main yellow pigment component

It is concentrated in yellow 1 ~ yellow 3, and the main red pigment components are concentrated in red 1 ~ red.

3, while Rf (yellow 1) is 0.86 and RF (red 1) is 0.46.

6, solvent microwave extraction method

Microwave is an electromagnetic wave, its wavelength is from 1 mm ~ lm, because of its

The wavelength is between short wave and far infrared, so it is called microwave. As a kind of

High-frequency electromagnetic waves and microwaves act on substances in microwave fields.

Therefore, molecules in matter can be ionized and polarized under the action of electric field.

The molecules that form polarization have positive and negative dipoles, which are electrical.

Produce directional arrangement in the field. Polarized molecules in materials follow microwave current.

The alternating change of magnetic field causes high-frequency oscillation. Molecular motion generates heat.

Quantity, this is the principle of microwave heating. Adopt microwave extraction,

Its effect on the substance is as follows: when the extracted substance and solvent are in the same place.

In the microwave field, the target component molecules are subjected to high-frequency electromagnetic waves.

With the violent oscillation, the molecule itself gains great energy (i.e.

Activation energy) to get rid of the shackles of the surrounding environment, when there is a certain environment.

With different concentrations, molecular introversion can be achieved in a short time.

The outward migration has reached a balance point. This is that microwaves can be used in a short time.

The purpose of extraction is occasionally achieved.

Application of microwave extraction technology in the extraction of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine

In order to overcome the inherent defects of traditional extraction methods, it is shown that

Good development prospect and great application potential. Compared with the traditional extractor

Compared with this method, microwave extraction can shorten the production time and reduce the energy solubility.

The consumption of reagents can improve the yield and purity of extracts at the same time. its

The advantages not only lie in reducing equipment investment and operation cost, but also

Meet the requirements of environmental protection.

7. Ultrasonic solvent extraction method

In the extraction process, the method generates strong vibration,

Cavitation and stirring, and extracting capsanthin from capsicum powder. According to tradition

Compared with other extraction methods, this method has the advantages of high yield, short production cycle and no pollution.

It needs to be heated, and the effective components will not be destroyed.

8. Enzymatic extraction

Zhou et al. proposed a two-step method of ethanol extraction and enzymatic degreasing.

A new process for preparing crude capsanthin. The best technological zone for removing spicy taste

Parts: the temperature is room temperature; Deodorant (ethanol) concentration is 70%; Feed ratio 1:

2.5 ~ 1: 3; The extraction times are 3-4 times. The optimum technological conditions for degreasing are as follows

The reaction was carried out at room temperature, pH 8 and the concentration of degreasing agent (mixed enzyme) was10 ~15 mg/L.

The time is 50 minutes. Shao et al. studied the leaching of NaOH solution with different concentrations.

The experimental results show that NaOH solution is used to remove spicy taste.

The best operating conditions for removing capsaicin by soaking Chili powder are: Chili powder (G) and.

The ratio of 15%NaOH solution (m 1) is 1: 9, and it is soaked at 90℃1.5h. ..