Zhang Baixi, founder of Shi Jing University Hall, Chinese name: Zhang Baixi Gender: Male Age: Qing Nationality: Year of Birth and Death of Han Nationality: 1847- 1907 Biography of Zhang Baixi (1847- 1907), a native of Changsha, Hunan Province, Tongzhi. He has served as Minister of Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Rites, Ministry of Punishment and Ministry of Official Affairs, and 1902- 1904 served as Minister of Church Management Department of Shi Jing University. 1900 After Eight-Nation Alliance occupied Beijing, the University Hall was occupied and destroyed, and there were no books and instruments. Schools closed and teachers and students were displaced. 1902 10 year 10 month 10 The Qing government ordered the restoration of Shi Jing University Hall and appointed Zhang Baixi, an official minister, as the minister of management. After active planning, an entrance ceremony was held on190265438+February 17, announcing the official opening of the school. 195 1 years ago, Peking University celebrated its school on February 7th, 65438. Shi Jing University of Emperor Guangxu was the earliest national university in modern China, which was founded in the 24th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1898) and was one of the "New Deal" measures of the Reform Movement of 1898. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Emperor Guangxu was interested in reforming the country and sent a letter to seek talents who could be used at home and abroad. 1896, Zuo Shilang, assistant minister of punishments, proposed to set up a university hall in Beijing on the grounds of insufficient education and lack of talents in the past. 1898 Kang Youwei reiterated this suggestion in "Please open a school discount". In June of the same year, Guangxu issued "Ding Ming Guo Zhi" and announced the holding of imperial academy Hall, "with a view to bringing forth talented people and helping the times". The Ministry of Military Affairs and the Foreign Affairs Office of the Prime Minister entrusted Liang Qichao to draft the Constitution of Shi Jing University Hall, and ordered Sun Jianai to manage the affairs of the University Hall and prepare for the construction of the school building, which started in June 5438+February. The Constitution of the University Hall consists of 8 chapters and 52 sections, which has detailed provisions on the syllabus, courses, admission, graduation background, employment of teaching and learning, and funds. The main points are as follows: ① Shi Jing University Hall is not only the institution that implements school education, but also the highest educational administrative organ in China, and all provincial schools are under the jurisdiction of the University Hall; (2) Defining the three-level system of university, middle school and primary school; (3) Make clear the educational principle of "taking middle school as the body, using western learning, and taking both Chinese and western courses to see if we can communicate"; (4) Defining the contents of general disciplines and professional disciplines; ⑤ Pay attention to instruments and equipment. According to the articles of association, special disciplines should be set up in disciplines, manufacturing, agriculture, industry, commerce, military, mining and other fields. In fact, at first, there were only four museums, namely, Poetry, Calligraphy, Yi and Li, and two museums, namely, Spring and Autumn. Each museum had more than ten people, and its nature was still the same as that of the old-style academy. 1900, imperialist Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, Shi Jing University Hall was destroyed, and school affairs stopped. 1902 School resumed (Shi Jing Wentong Hall was also merged into Shi Jing University Hall on 1902), and Zhang Baixi was appointed as the management minister, who also took charge of the acceleration and compilation departments. The crash course is divided into official school and normal school, and the preparatory course is divided into political science and art. 1903 adds a Jinshi hall, a translation institute and a medical hall. In the same year, the minister of management was changed to the minister of educational administration, in charge of national academic affairs. In addition, a Governor's College was established to take charge of the affairs of Shi Jing University Hall, and HengJia Zhang was appointed as the first Governor's College, so Shi Jing University Hall became a pure institution of higher learning. 19 10 developed into a university with seven disciplines of economy, law, literature, geography, agriculture, engineering and commerce. 19 12 was renamed Peking University.