For hundreds of years, there have been two Tang Sanzang among the people. One is Tang Sanzang in The Journey to the West, and the other is Master Xuanzang in Buddhism.
Wu Cheng'en's literary works are well known for their broad mass base and viral spread of popular literature. The other is Master Xuanzang, who enjoys a world reputation in Buddhism. His greatness lies more in the South Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda.
The image difference between the two is not small. I believe that most people who read this article have seen The Journey to the West's TV series or novel version, or Stephen Chow's film A Chinese Odyssey, but few people have seen Tang Shi or Biography of a Monk. I've only seen a little of these two movies with shame, so I'm brave enough to tell you about Tang Priest today.
1、
He lost his mother at the age of five and his father at the age of ten.
The bitterness of childhood makes you tough in the future.
Children in Henan can be proud first.
The Tang Priest was originally named Chen Yi, and his ancestral home was Chenliu, Henan. Chen is now Yanshi in Luoyang. When he was a child, he was in a bad business, not a story of drifting along the river in Journey to the West. His five-year-old mother is gone, and his ten-year-old father is gone, so Chen Yi's children have to follow their brother to become monks in Jingtu Temple. But before he was ten years old, he received his father's strict Confucian education.
In this way, because of the misfortune of his family, he went to the point of no return of "a generation of masters". This road is also a point of no return where top student will never be satisfied with the status quo.
/kloc-at the age of 0/9, he began to be dissatisfied with studying in Jingtu Temple in Henan, and went to Chengdu with his brother. After staying in Chengdu for several years and getting to know all the masters of Shu, he left his brother and went along the Shu Road, which is difficult to reach the sky, to find more masters to compete with him.
At the age of 26, he traveled to Da Chang 'an, the political, economic and cultural center at that time. After we arrived in Chang 'an, the senior's way of studying can only be described as like a duck to water, and he is still looking for all the eminent monks in Chang 'an.
Here comes the problem. Top student, who is good at thinking, suddenly found that the monks' interpretation of Buddhism was also contradictory, so he said this sentence: "Visit all the teachers, prepare meals, examine their meaning in detail, and be good at their ways;" The scriptures in the exam are also hidden and different, and I don't know what to do. "... translated as: Dear teachers, you contradict each other and say different things. What should I do for the students?
In the early Tang Dynasty, Chang 'an was a place where hidden dragons crouched tigers. An Indian monk, Bottommido, showed him a clear way: to go to the west to get the scriptures.
His inspiration excited our headmaster and made up his mind to go west. The following year, he studied Sanskrit, looked up the road map and prepared to go to India.
The Tang Priest Temple is located about two kilometers southeast of Goudong, yanshi city.
It is about 4 kilometers north of Xuanzang's hometown.
Xuanzang westbound road map
2、
Studying abroad becomes smuggling.
An old horse who knew the way to the west helped him.
At the age of 27, Xuanzang entrusted Prime Minister Xiao Yu to write to Emperor Taizong. As we said in the last article, he didn't find the right person and Xiao Yu didn't take a fancy to him, which made Xuanzang's westward journey a smuggling. This is the story of the Monkey King, Shi rafter. Does the Great Sage want to thank Xiaoyu ~ ~
Speaking of smuggling, we have to thank a horse, but it is not a graceful white in The Journey to the West, but a thin old horse. Before Xuanzang and Wukong decided to smuggle, Tang Priest bought a beautiful white horse, but when he met Wukong, an old man advised him to trade the old and thin horse he brought for Xuanzang's little white horse. In the future, after Wukong abandoned the Tang Priest and left, the old horse who knew the way helped him walk through the no-man's land of Moheyan. Moreover, during the seven or eight days of crossing this big Gobi, Xuanzang knocked over the water bag and there was no water at all. He walked hundreds of miles in the desert without drinking water for almost four or five days. I'm afraid only Buddha knows how he came down.
In the novel film and television, the white dragon is tall and heroic.
In fact, it was a thin old horse carrying Xuanzang on the westbound road.
3、
Go back to Chang 'an and hide your fame and achievements.
I devoted myself to translating and restoring books until the end of my life.
The story of Tang Priest Xuanzang before his journey to the West is not much different from that before he graduated from top student University. What makes this top student unique is that he resolutely chose to study abroad and brought back the textbooks collected by many foreign university libraries. Moreover, I spent the rest of my life translating them into Chinese and enjoying them by later generations under heavy resistance.
Bajie said that many people have received his kindness, but you may not believe it. I picked one at random: color is empty, and empty is color. This sentence comes from the heart sutra and is used by everyone. How many people know that he is Xuanzang's translator? There are more than eight versions of Heart Sutra in history, all of which were translated by famous translators such as Kumarajiva, but Xuanzang's version is the most popular. Why? Because his translation is the most exquisite. In just 260 words, the essence of Prajna Paramita is revealed, which is beyond the reach of ordinary translators.
Speaking of translation, the number of Buddhist scriptures translated by Xuanzang has never been surpassed. He basically only did one thing when he came back from the Buddhist paradise, that is, translation, translation, until his death.
The so-called Great Resistance in this period was the love-hate attitude in Li Tang's period. Politicians, all for their own interests, are not allowed to go. When people came back from studying in more than 30 countries and traveled more than 25,000 kilometers, they were warmly welcomed and sent to meet them. Chang 'an was deserted at that time. When we arrived at Suzaku Street, the whole street was boiling. He was really a national idol.
The Heart Sutra Translated by Master Xuanzang
Learn from the scriptures and return to Chang 'an.
You know, even translation is not smooth sailing. When Xuanzang came back, he originally asked to open a translation hall directly, but Emperor Taizong immediately asked someone to write a Record of the Western Regions of Datang, which recorded the situation of many countries in the Western Regions one by one for the reference of the national defense of Datang. (Now, this book about the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty is also a necessary bibliography for people in the Western Regions who have suffered from war to find their own national history, hehe. ) Translate the classics after writing.
When Emperor Taizong died, Wu Zetian's husband, Emperor Gaozong, ascended the throne, so he took Xuanzang from Jionji to Ximing Temple and regarded him as an old minister in opposition, so that no one could translate him. Isn't this the life of Tang Priest? At the age of 60, Xuanzang had to risk his life to hide in Yuhua Palace. In the last four years of his life, he kept translating, second by second. I was still translating Buddhist scriptures before I died ~ ~ ~
Yuhua Palace in Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province is the place where Xuanzang died.
Xuanzang statue in Yuhua Palace
4、
India's famous group of women towns debate
Idol influence until today.
Yes, it's a bit messy because there are too many clues.
Sister top student's brain is really not enough to describe the story of this top student.
Let's talk about Journey to the West. After his arrival in India, Xuanzang began his career of studying abroad for 17 years like a duck to water, and became the most famous international student in China history. Before the Han Dynasty to Xuanzang, there were not a few international students going to India, there were hundreds. No one is as famous as Xuanzang, who shocked the Indian king to stop the sun. At that time, he debated in a group of women's cities in northern India, setting a grand occasion for 18 consecutive days.
Up to now, Xuanzang is still an idol in the eyes of Indians. Indian Prime Minister Modi came to Xi 'an last year to pursue his idol Xuanzang.
The debate over the city of women made Xuanzang famous in India.
5、
Bring back countless treasures
The translated works are priceless.
What exactly did Xuanzang bring back from India?
Say it is also extremely shocking:
Tathagata Sartori 150 tablets (now each tablet can shake the whole Imperial Capital and add Magic Capital four or five times). Silver sandalwood Buddha statue with seven bodies, discussed in 520? 657, and some exotic flowers and fruits in India. In addition, Xuanzang only translated almost one-tenth of the Buddhist scriptures he brought back in his life, which shows the huge number.
However, this amount of one tenth is beyond the reach of all people in China. Xuanzang translated 75 classics, with 65,438+0,335 volumes, accounting for more than half of the total translated classics in the Tang Dynasty, and more than twice the total translated classics of the other three translators in China's classical translation history: Kumarajiva, Bukong and Zhen Zhen.
Here, do you understand the usage of the word unprecedented? Yes, he not only translated a lot, but also the quality was extremely high. His translation team has a set of strict translation norms, and he also founded his own "five kinds of non-translation" translation theory, which is still used in the translation field today.
His disciples are also superb in martial arts, and they are all eminent monks in the history of Buddhism. Moreover, the overseas students he accepted also brought China Buddhism to South Korea, North Korea and Japan, and Xuanzang's reputation in these countries was overwhelming.
Xuanzang's original theory of "five turns"
The nephew of the founding fathers of the Tang Dynasty took a peek at Master Ji.
Is one of Xuanzang's disciples.
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Oh, and the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda was built by Xuanzang himself to store Buddhist scriptures. The two stone tablets under the Big Wild Goose Pagoda are respectively engraved with the Preface to the Great Wild Goose Pagoda written by Li Shimin for Xuanzang and the Preface to the Holy Pagoda written by his son Li Zhi (Wu Zetian's husband), both of which are handwritten by the great calligrapher Chu Suiliang. Now, a rubbings of "The Preamble to the Holy Teaching" is enough for me to buy a toilet.
Today, after reading Bala's article, you will go to see the Big Wild Goose Pagoda. If your mood is a little higher than usual, Sister Ba will be satisfied.
Today, I can't finish talking about his achievements. In short, don't be misled by Journey to the West. Let's take a look at the historical evaluation of Master Xuanzang of Tang Priest. Hold on to the wall and don't tremble;
Indian Mahayana Buddhists respectfully call Xuanzang "Mahayana Heaven".
Indian Hinayana Buddhists respectfully call him "Liberation Day".
India's ring-day king called it "the Great Sage".
Emperor Taizong praised him as "the leader of practice"
Buddhist management officials call it "a great tool to release the door."
Monks call it "a swift horse."
Buddhist historian Dao Xuan called him
"Sages in Season" and "Masters of Buddhism"
The most common name is "Master Sanzang"
Liang Qichao said that he was "one of the people through the ages"
Lu Xun praised him as the backbone of the Chinese nation.