1 According to relevant media reports, major foreign insurance companies are optimistic about the insurance market in China, and agree that this is the last undeveloped virgin land in this century. During Premier Zhu's visit to Britain, the other side took China's opening of the insurance market as the main topic, and some insurance companies in developed countries even made it a top priority to get access cards for the insurance industry in China at the end of this century. However, when all countries are looking at China, our domestic insurance situation is not optimistic, and many people hold a negative attitude towards the current situation of the insurance industry. The national insurance industry is facing a survival test.
First, China's insurance market, especially the life insurance market, should spend its infancy as soon as possible. Babies are immature and prone to death. As we all know, the insurance industry in China has a history of only a hundred years, but in this century, it is not long for China people to regulate their operations. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the insurance market was occupied by foreigners. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was a world. In the case of planned economy and lack of competition, China's national insurance industry had various drawbacks in its initial stage, especially during the Cultural Revolution. Therefore, in a strict sense, the insurance industry in China is still in its infancy. China's national insurance industry is in a state of lack of experts and experience. This seemingly pessimistic view can be seen from the personnel structure of various insurance companies. Some established companies are far from professional, young and knowledgeable in personnel structure; In some new companies, although the age structure and knowledge structure are relatively high, their professional knowledge is not high. In other words, the doctor of mathematics is not necessarily a cross-industry talent, nor an excellent insurance talent. If the quality of employees cannot be improved quickly, the insurance industry in China will be difficult to survive infancy and may die out.
Second, the current situation of China insurance market needs to be changed as soon as possible.
People in the insurance industry have a view that the insurance industry in China is very difficult to do, and many people live one day at a time. Some of them attribute the problems encountered by the insurance industry to the public, and think that the public in China have poor insurance awareness and only know how to save money but not buy insurance. They only saw the importance of nutrition, but did not see the importance of insurance. The author believes that the responsibility cannot be borne by the public. We should see the fact that many people in China have the habit of managing their own money. In those days, people who ran the bank came to find someone to save money, but today ordinary people keep their money in the bank without being reminded. At that time, people who run girls' schools went door-to-door to do work, and sometimes they were scolded, but they didn't regress, so many women entered the school. Today, as a "new thing", insurance should allow people to have various views on it. The key is how to do it and how to make the public realize the benefits that insurance can bring. In other words, people have opinions on insurance, mainly because of the insurance industry.
Most insurance companies have the problems of short training period and little professional knowledge. Insurance is a new industry, which needs people with professional knowledge to engage in. But in some insurance companies, students start working in a few days, and some are just like teachers taking apprentices in factories. This is very irresponsible. The insured buys insurance from you, and a guarantee is life-long, but no commodity is omnipotent, and different types of insurance are suitable for different people, so professionals need to carefully design it for the insured. A person who knows little about insurance, he goes to "pull insurance". Although he got the insurance policy, has anyone asked about the protection of the insured and the protection of the interests of the insured? For this reason, some policyholders think that insurance is not so good soon after buying insurance, and such policyholders are likely to develop in two aspects: first, they will not renew their insurance in the second year and recognize compensation; Secondly, it is not so good to publicize insurance everywhere. No matter what method is adopted, it will be very unfavorable to insurance companies and China insurance industry.
Third, the moral level of employees does not adapt to the development of the insurance industry.
Insurance is to accumulate virtue and do good deeds. However, in the fierce competition of insurance companies, some companies neglected the moral education of employees, which led to the confusion of insurance practitioners, and some companies blindly expanded their production capacity, which made the public feel afraid of insurance practitioners and seriously affected the development of national insurance industry. Judging from the current insurance market, two major problems are very prominent. First, we cannot adhere to the principle of utmost good faith. When some employees sell insurance to the insured, they deliberately exaggerate the function and scope of insurance and trick the other party into taking out insurance, so that many people who don't understand insurance treat insurance as illegal pyramid schemes and insurance fraud. Second, the commission rebate phenomenon is serious. Business representatives of some companies simply pursue performance, openly violate laws and regulations, and pull insurance on the condition of giving policyholders rebates. The higher the rebate ratio, the more chaotic the insurance market, which undermines the normal operation of the insurance market, and it is also difficult for companies that conduct business normally to conduct business.
Fourth, the employee turnover is too fast, which makes the insured feel insecure.
Due to the fierce competition in the insurance industry, some companies regard performance as very important, ignoring the stability of the workforce, making insurance a fast-growing industry of "being your own boss, doing what you want, and doing what you don't want". It is understood that some companies have a turnover of more than 30% a year. This instability brings at least two disadvantages: first, the insured has no sense of security and does not understand who will take care of his own interests; Secondly, these people in the insurance industry will attack insurance in society, giving people the impression of "professional point of view", which is quite destructive to the development of the insurance industry.
Fifth, it is difficult for a small sampan to win a naval battle.
There are not many insurance companies in China, let alone life insurance companies. So far, there are only five life insurance companies in China, namely China Insurance Company, Pacific Insurance Company, Ping An Insurance Company, Taikang Company and Xinhua Company, and the overall scale of these five companies is not large, so it is difficult to compare with some well-known international companies. This situation actually poses a great threat to the insurance industry. There are two main reasons: first, it is difficult to resist greater risks; Second, it is difficult to compete with foreign insurance companies. Even if foreign insurance companies do not enter for the time being, the domestic reform and development also need the insurance industry to appear with a new attitude, and the era of several boats supporting their families has passed; From a global perspective, once foreign insurance companies enter China, it is self-evident that our small companies now compete with each other. If insurance companies can't expand their scale quickly, then the "third world" will always be the third world.
At the turn of the century, China has gradually integrated into the international community, so we should have a clear understanding of ourselves. It can be said that the success or failure of the national insurance industry is at present. At present, we are still competing with several domestic companies. Soon, we will face competition from many companies, including foreign companies. If we compete in this way and with this quality, we can only fail.
In view of the current situation of the domestic insurance market, our view is: do two improvements and promote two changes. The so-called "two improvements" means that through appropriate government intervention, the management consciousness and concept of insurance company decision makers are improved, and the quality of employees is improved in an all-round way, so that China Insurance can make a qualitative leap; Through improvement, the service quality will be changed, and the public's insurance awareness will be gradually promoted.
The reason why the government's appropriate intervention is mentioned is because the ideas of the decision makers of various insurance companies are very important and there is no certain government behavior. This change may take more time. Only when their ideas change can they improve their understanding of the service insurance market and strive to improve the quality of employees, thus bringing about changes in service level, and then influencing the public through changes in service level, so that they can have a new understanding of insurance, thus truly promoting the development of national insurance industry.
Two characteristics
From the development of China's insurance market, we can see five characteristics.
First of all, a few state-owned insurance companies occupy a typical monopoly market. China Life Insurance Company, China People's Insurance Company, Pacific Insurance Company and China Ping An Insurance Co., Ltd. account for more than 90% of the personal and property insurance market except reinsurance. Judging from the life insurance market and insurance income in 2002, the three major domestic life insurance companies accounted for about 965,438+0%. In 2003, China Life Insurance Company even occupied more than 50% of the life insurance market.
Second, since 1980, the insurance market in China has developed rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of over 30%.
Third, the transformation of state-owned insurance companies into limited companies has brought about all institutional reforms. Moreover, China Reinsurance is divided into three companies, China People's Insurance Company and China Life Insurance Company, which have successfully listed on overseas stock markets.
Fourth, the social skills of insurance are strengthened. From traditional economic reward skills to capital circulation and social management skills. Moreover, after the introduction of the Insurance Law and various laws and regulations, the market gradually standardized.
Fifth, the management system is standardized. After the CIRC was separated from the People's Bank of China from 65438 to 0998, it adjusted its system by setting up branches in major local cities. In addition, opening wider to the outside world and increasing overseas entry and exit of domestic insurance companies are also a feature.
2. First, promote the restructuring of the insurance market. First of all, we should analyze the obstacles to the development of China's insurance market, eliminate these obstacles, and support the development of insurance companies with the advantages of the bond company system. In order to guide insurance companies to invest in private assets, we should actively support domestic and foreign stock markets.
Second, the insurance market is diversified. In order to cultivate some large companies with international competitiveness, it is necessary to develop small insurance companies into enterprises. After adjusting the insurance market access conditions, the insurance market system with China characteristics has been improved through the diversification of insurance market subjects and the increase of incentive mechanism.
Third, expand the opening of China's insurance market. Honest implementation of WTO rules and gradual withdrawal of geographical/labor scope restrictions on foreign-funded insurance companies. China insurance can be divided into two ways: introducing foreign capital and accepting foreign advanced management concepts, management experiences and management methods to China.
Fourth, the insurance market supervision skills should be further integrated. Improve management and supervision methods, strengthen supervision over the solvency of insurance companies, and resolve credit risks. Adjust insurance law and strengthen insurance statistics. Expose illegal matters in the insurance market according to legal procedures, protect all interests of employees in the insurance market, and guide fair/just competition in the insurance market.
In addition to the above four policies, we also need to note that the opening of China's insurance market is ahead of the agreement with WTO, and the world insurance system is concerned about China's insurance market at the end of this year.
Especially according to the document published by the State Council on June 5438+ 10, 2004, "In fact, we have passed the stage of arguing about the expansion/contraction of the scope of funds used by insurance companies, but we should pay attention to how to use funds smoothly. Therefore, it can be said that under the principle of direct investment of insurance company funds in the capital market, it is necessary to study the focus on the safety, liquidity and effectiveness of funds. " It can be seen from this sentence that the government's attitude towards the use of funds by insurance companies has made very important progress.
Chapter IV Conclusion
The main part of our investigation is the structural changes of China's insurance market after China's entry into WTO and the situation of foreign insurance companies that have entered China's insurance market at present. At present, most western large foreign insurance companies that have entered or intend to enter the China market think that China market is the most important and potential market in the whole Asian region.
The full opening of China's insurance market means that foreign insurance companies can easily enter the China market, and it also means that the strength of international capital investment in China is more flexible. Moreover, as the scale of foreign investment will greatly increase, its investment mode will also change greatly.
In the future, insurance companies may become wholly-owned companies. Due to legal problems and the lack of market information in China, most insurance companies can only set up joint ventures at present. However, if the insurance market information in China is sufficient, there is no need to cooperate with China company in the future, then the current joint venture mode will become a sole proprietorship mode.
Finally, under the principle that the insurance company's funds are directly invested in the capital market, we must put forward a scheme that can solve the problems of safety, liquidity and effectiveness, and an education system that can solve the problem of talent shortage.
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Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.