What is the version of mathematical physics in Shanghai senior high school? Urgent is a unique textbook for the second phase of curriculum reform in Shanghai, and it should still belong to the experimental book now.
Seek a master's degree in chemistry and teach me how to learn organic chemistry well. Why do I understand in class? You can't do more than half the questions at a time. Too little practice. I had the same problem before. Later, the teacher said that I should do more exercises.
Why are the seven courses in the senior high school entrance examination dominated by mathematics and physics? Judging from the enrollment situation, mathematics and physics are more differentiated than liberal arts.
From the perspective of further education and development, the college entrance examination is also dominated by science students. If the foundation of mathematics and physics in junior high school is not good, it will greatly affect the further study in senior high school. The study of liberal arts is relatively less compact than that of physics and chemistry students.
Therefore, when formulating the senior high school entrance examination policy, all localities mainly focus on mathematics and physics.
What should I do if I can't afford to go to the project? Understand and remember the basic knowledge first, and then practice it properly. Conditional students use their holidays to find teachers to make up lessons. Qizhi online school, professional teacher team, online tutoring in spare time, and the effect is good. You can apply for an audition for half an hour, and there is no charge for suspension if you are not satisfied. If you continue to attend class, you will be charged for half an hour.
Why can't you do the problem after class if you understand it in class? Understanding and doing things are two different things, so we need to review and practice more after class.
Can you do math and physics problems on the handwriting board? Yes, our teacher wrote it on it and sent us videos as homework comments.
One or two months in high school, I failed math and physics. Can understand but can't do the problem. What should I do? Am I still saved? As long as you listen carefully, do more questions and take your time, you can be sure.
In 2005 (in the area of curriculum reform), I participated in the 2005 senior high school entrance examination in Yiyang City, Hunan Province-the new curriculum standard.
(Full score 100, test time is 90 minutes)
Possible relative atomic mass. h- 1C- 12n- 14o- 16s-32Zn-65。
Volume 1
First, multiple-choice questions (2 points for each small question; ***44 points. Only one of each question meets the requirements of the topic)
1.200465438+On February 26th, 2004, a tsunami shocked the world in the Indian Ocean. The following changes in the tsunami disaster belong to chemical changes ().
A. Trees were broken B. Houses collapsed C. Rails rusted D. Roads were washed away
2. Among the following substances, the pure one is ()
A. Rare gas separated from air B. Partially frozen distilled water
C, pig iron D obtained after iron ore smelting and residue after heating potassium permanganate.
3. The use of the following substances is fundamentally different from the other three ()
A. hydrogen is used to fill balloons. Dry ice is used for artificial rainfall
C. magnesium powder is used as fireworks and flares. D. copper wire is used as electric wire.
4. The following statement lacks scientific basis ()
A. metals can be preserved. Seawater can be desalinated.
C. waste water can be used. D. fresh water can be turned into oil.
5. The following is the corresponding relationship between air pollution index and quality grade and quality status:
The air pollution index is 0-5051-101-200 201-300 > 300.
The air quality is very good. Light pollution, moderate pollution and heavy pollution.
Air quality level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4 and level 5.
On June 3, 2005, the air pollution index in Yiyang City was 82 ~ 93. According to the above information, it is judged that the air quality grade and air quality status of Yiyang City are () respectively.
A.i is excellent, B.II is good, C.III is lightly polluted, and D.V is heavily polluted.
6. The Kyoto Protocol entered into force on February 6, 2005. Its core connotation is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to control global warming. The main gas that causes the greenhouse effect is ()
A. carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen
7. The main mineral components and contents printed on the label of a mineral water are as follows (mg/L): Ca-20, K ~ 3, Zn-0.06, F ~ 0.02, etc. Here, calcium, potassium, zinc and fluorine refer to ()
A. element b atom c element d ion
8. When burning firewood, it usually burns brightly overhead. This is because ()
A. the heat dissipation speed is accelerated. B. the accumulated heat is increased.
C. the ignition point of firewood is reduced. D. the contact area between firewood and air is increased.
9. The following chemical equation is accurate ()
A. Iron filings dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid: 2fe+3H2SO4 = = Fe2 (SO4) 3+3H2 =
B. salt is dissolved in potassium nitrate solution: NaCl+KNO3==NaNO3+KCl.
Charcoal burns under the condition of insufficient oxygen: 2C+O2 2C0.
D. decomposition of hydrogen peroxide:
10. Setting off firecrackers is easy to bring harm to people and the environment. Yiyang city has issued a ban on urban areas. As a middle school student, in addition to taking the lead in obeying, we should also do a good job in propaganda and explanation. The sign prohibiting setting off firecrackers is ()
1 1. When the solute is dissolved in water, the formed solution will not change compared with the water phase.
A. boiling point B. conductivity C. color D. composition of water molecules
12. The following table shows the colors of acid-base indicators in different pH ranges:
Colors are red, orange, green, blue and purple.
The pH range is1~ 3.4 ~ 56 ~ 78 ~10/~14.
Dilute hydrochloric acid with a small amount of this indicator, and add sodium hydroxide solution drop by drop, and the color changes to ().
A. from red to blue B. from green to orange C. from blue to green D. from purple to red
13. The picture on the right shows some instructions on a fertilizer packaging bag produced by a fertilizer factory. This kind of fertilizer belongs to ().
A. Nitrogen fertilizer B. Phosphorus fertilizer C. Potassium fertilizer D. Compound fertilizer
14. Some scientists predict that hydrogen will become the main energy source in 2 1 century, but besides solving the energy consumption problem of preparing hydrogen, the following problems must be solved.
A. raw materials are restricted. B. causing environmental pollution
C. inconvenient storage and transportation D. less heat is released by hydrogen combustion.
15. Yiyang preserved eggs are famous all over the country and exported to Southeast Asian countries. Its ingredients are soda ash, salt, quicklime, plant ash (containing potassium carbonate), boiled water, and rice bran, rice husk and other accessories. First, quicklime reacts with water to produce hydrated lime between components. Try to infer that another most likely chemical reaction is ().
A. Combination reaction B. Decomposition reaction C. Double decomposition reaction D. Displacement reaction
16. There are four medicine cabinets in the laboratory, which respectively store the following medicines:
Medical box methyl ethyl propyl butyl
Medicinal zinc, copper, sodium sulfate, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid
Iron, magnesium, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and dilute sulfuric acid.
The laboratory bought two bottles of anhydrous calcium chloride, which should be put in ().
A. a cupboard
17. In the following cases, the corrosion of cast iron pipes buried underground is the fastest ().
A. in wet and dense soil.
C. in wet and loose soil.
18. June 5th every year is World Environment Day. In 2005, the theme of World Environment Day, China was: Everyone participates, creating a green home. The following practices do not conform to this theme is ()
A. Returning farmland to forests B. Using disposable foamed plastic tableware in large quantities
C. use phosphorus-free detergent D. it is forbidden to use honeycomb coal stoves.
19. On the premise of not using acid-base indicator, the most suitable reagent is () to remove a small amount of hydrochloric acid from calcium chloride solution and get pure calcium chloride solution.
A. silver nitrate solution B. clarified limewater
C. quicklime powder D. calcium carbonate powder
20. Lime factory produces quicklime by calcining limestone. If l 008 t quicklime is produced, the mass of limestone containing 90% calcium carbonate is (relative atomic mass: Ca-40 C- 12O- 16) ().
A. 1 620 tons B. 1 800 tons C. 1 900 tons D.2000 tons
2 1. According to the solubility curve on the right, it is judged that the following statement is incorrect ().
A.t 1℃, the solubility of substance A is less than that of substance B.
At T2℃, the saturated solution of these two substances contains the same mass.
C. When the saturated solution of A and B at t3℃ is cooled to t2℃, crystals will precipitate.
D when a small amount of substance b is mixed into substance a, the method of cooling the hot saturated solution can be used to purify substance a.
22. In May 2005, a batch of bronze wares of the Warring States Period were unearthed in Huxing Mountain, Ziyang District, Yiyang City. In fact, China was able to make exquisite bronzes as early as the Shang Dynasty, and by the Warring States period, it had been able to smelt iron and steel. The time sequence of human exploitation and utilization of the following simple metals has a certain internal relationship with the intensity of metal activities. It can be inferred that the order of human development and utilization of the following metals from the beginning to the end is ()
A. copper, iron, aluminum, zinc, boron, copper, zinc, iron and aluminum
C. copper, iron, zinc, aluminum, aluminum, zinc, iron and copper
Volume II
Second, fill in the blanks (this question ***20 points)
23. Please write the following chemical symbols:
(1) Three nitrogen molecules (2) Two magnesium ions
24. The chemical formula of the compound formed by the most abundant elements in the human body and the most abundant metal elements in the earth's crust is.
25.Abe is a common anti-inflammatory drug. The chemical formula of ampicillin is c16h19N3O4S 3H2O, which contains many elements.
26. Chemistry is closely related to human health. Some important nutrients, such as sugar, starch, oil, protein and vitamins, are of great significance to human life activities. As a middle school student who is in a critical period of physical growth and development, he should not be picky about food, but should take enough and balanced nutrition every day.
(1) A classmate usually only eats vegetables instead of meals, which leads to fatigue, fatigue and even coma. His lack of nutrition is:
(2) A classmate found that protein was not ingested enough when he graduated from physical examination. If you are a doctor, you will advise him to eat more food in his usual diet (fill in any one).
27. When cleaning up the experimental drugs, two bottles of colorless and unlabeled solutions were found in the laboratory, only Na2CO3 solution and BaCl2 solution were known. Try to identify by two chemical methods (just write down the chemical formula or name of the reagent used for identification): (1); (2) 。
28. Last year, an outbreak of avian influenza occurred in yuejiaqiao town, Heshan District, our city. In order to prevent the spread of the epidemic, in addition to rapid isolation, poultry houses and tools infected with the virus were disinfected. A disinfectant used for disinfection is potassium permanganate (KMnO4), which belongs to (fill in "oxide", "acid", "alkali" or "salt"), and the valence of manganese is the valence.
29. The basic principle of water purifiers commonly used in schools, families and offices can be expressed by the simple water purification device shown on the right. Among them, stones and fine sand are used for adsorption.
According to the "West-to-East Gas Transmission" plan, Yiyang City is laying a natural gas pipeline, and residents will use natural gas soon. Natural gas is the most colorless and odorless gas, and its density is smaller than that of air. After natural gas leaks, it is easy to explode in case of fire and static electricity. When transporting natural gas, it is mixed with a strong smell gas (mercaptan).
(1) The main component of natural gas is CH4, which belongs to (fill in "organic matter" or "inorganic matter");
(2) The purpose of adding sulfuric acid into the transported natural gas is:
(3) When indoor natural gas leaks, the valve should be closed immediately and the window should be opened for ventilation. What you must not do is (fill in one item).
3 1.A, B, C and D are common compounds, and A contains potassium. The reaction relationship between them is as follows:
①2A+B==C+2H2O ②C+D==Ba2SO4↓+2A
③D+CuSO4==BaSO4↓+Cu(OH)2↓
According to the above information, the chemical formulas of a and b are deduced: a, b; Write the chemical equation of reaction ②.
32. Put two pieces of metals A and B with equal mass into enough dilute hydrochloric acid with the same solute mass fraction respectively, and the relationship between the mass (m) of generated hydrogen and the reaction time (t) is shown in the right figure (the valence of two elements A and B in the product is the same). By analyzing the picture on the right, you can get the following information (write two at will):
( 1)
(2)
Three, short answer questions (this question *** 10)
33. On the evening of March 29th, 2005, a traffic accident occurred in Huai 'an, Jiangsu Province, which caused a large area leakage of liquid chlorine (Cl2) from tank trucks, causing heavy casualties to villagers in three towns along the highway. At the scene of the accident, you can see a lot of yellow-green gas in the sky and smell a pungent smell. Firefighters wear gas masks and suits, spray water and lye into the sky with high-pressure water guns, and spray settled chlorine to the ground to eliminate the pollution and harm of Cl2.
(1) According to the above information, please summarize the physical properties of chlorine (Cl2):
(2) In case of emergency rescue, Ca(OH)2 solution can be sprayed to absorb chlorine. The chemical equation of the known reaction is
2Cl2+2Ca(0H)2==X+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O, then the chemical formula of x is.
Please tell the villagers around the scene a measure to protect themselves.
34. After the senior high school entrance examination, you graduated from junior high school. When you leave your alma mater, you should make a good last impression, and take care of everything in the school. Don't throw things around ... Suppose you clean up the following items when sorting out your things:
A. waste exercise books B. rotten apples C. jars D. moldy biscuits E. rusty nails
(1) What you should put in the "recyclable trash can" is (fill in the serial number);
(2) You use hydrochloric acid to remove the rust (mainly Fe2O3) from the nail and reuse it. Please write down the chemical equation of derusting.
(3) Please write a sentence to advise other students to take care of the school environment.
35. Materials science has become one of the hottest frontier disciplines in the world today. Materials are generally divided into metallic materials, inorganic nonmetallic materials, synthetic materials and composite materials. On March 28th, 2005, the first prize of national technological invention, which has been vacant for six years in a row, was awarded to the research group led by Huang Boyun, academician of China Academy of Engineering and president of Central South University, because they invented the "preparation technology of high-performance carbon/carbon aviation brake materials". Huang Boyun is from Nanxian County, Yiyang City. He and his innovative team struggled for 20 years, more than 7,000 days and nights. After numerous failures, they finally succeeded, which not only broke the monopoly and technical blockade in Europe and America, but also achieved better results.
(1) The word "carbon" in "carbon, carbon aviation brake material" represents two different carbon-containing materials, so this aviation brake material made of it belongs to materials.
(2) The widespread use of synthetic materials has both advantages and disadvantages. Please feel free to write down the advantages and disadvantages. Advantages and disadvantages.
(3) Looking at scientific inquiry from the deeds of Huang Boyun?
Four, the experimental problem (this problem *** 16 points)
36. After a year of chemistry study, you have mastered the relevant laws of gas production in the laboratory. Please use the equipment diagram below to answer the questions. (Friendly reminder: Please fill in the equipment codes of all the equipment selected below)
(1) Write the name of the instrument specified in the drawing; ① ; ②.。
(2) When changing and collecting CO2 in the laboratory, two devices should be connected. The chemical equation of the reaction is as follows: The method to test whether the container is full of CO2 is as follows
(3) When preparing O2 with KMn04 in the laboratory, the optional generating device is to collect O2 with E device at the same time, and the operation sequence when the experiment stops is as follows.
(4) If the gas is collected by device C, the gas should have the following characteristics.
37. The inquiry learning group of a school found that after the patina [Cu(OH)2CO3] was decomposed by heat, there were some black powdery solids in the test tube besides CO2 and water vapor. Through experimental exploration, they analyzed the composition of black solids and verified the gas produced. Please fill in the blanks:
(1) Ask a question: What is a black solid?
(2) conjecture and hypothesis: the black group may be: a. carbon powder B. copper oxide C.
(3) Access to information: both carbon powder and copper oxide are black solids, in which carbon powder does not react with dilute acid and does not dissolve in dilute acid, while copper oxide can react with dilute acid and dissolve.
(4) Design the experimental scheme: drop a sufficient amount of solution (filled with chemical formula) into the black body in the test tube, and observe the dissolution of the solid and the color of the obtained solution after full reaction.
(5 > Phenomenon and conclusion: If guess A is correct, the phenomenon is; If the phenomenon is, guess B is correct; If the phenomenon is 0, guess C holds.
(6) If the device on the right is used to verify two kinds of gas products, the generated mixed gas should pass through the device first, otherwise what effect will it have? . When gas is introduced into device a for verification, the gas flow should be from.
Five, the calculation problem (this problem *** 10)
38. Sudan red is a synthetic red dye. The latest research shows that its metabolites have strong mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, and the country is strictly investigating foods added with Sudan red. The most common chemical formula of Sudan red is C 16H 12NO. Try to calculate:
(1) Relative molecular weight of Sudan red;
(2) The mass ratio of each element in Sudan Red;
(3) The mass fraction of nitrogen in Sudan Red.
39. Put a zinc-copper alloy into 74.2 grams of dilute sulfuric acid, and it will completely react to generate 0.2 grams of hydrogen. Q:
(1) Solute mass fraction of the solution obtained after the reaction;
(2) There are 20 grams of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid in the laboratory, and how many grams of water is needed to prepare it. 19.6% dilute sulfuric acid?
Chemistry Answer of Yiyang City, Hunan Province
1.C 2。 B 3。 C 4 explosive D 5。 B 6。 A seven. An eight. D 9。 C 10。 B 1 1。 D
12.A 13。 A 14。 . C 15。 C 16。 B 17。 C 18。 B 19。 D 20。 D
2 1.B 22。 C
23.( 1)3N2 (2)2Mg2+ 24。 Alumina 25.5
26.( 1) sugar (or starch) (2) fish, meat, eggs, bean products, etc.
27. Phenolphthalein, litmus, dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl), lime water [Ca(OH)2], soda solution (Na2C03), etc.
28. Salt+7. Filtered activated carbon
30.( 1) Organic matter (2) is conducive to the timely discovery and treatment of leaks (3) Turn on the light, make a phone call, ignite, take off clothes, knock or rub metal, etc.
3 1.a—KOH B—h2so 4 k2so 4+Ba(OH)2 = = baso 4↓+2k OH
32.① B is more active than A, ②A and B react completely, ③A releases more H2 than B, ④B releases faster H2 than A, ⑤ When the time is t 1, B produces more H2 than A, and ⑤ A's relative atomic mass is less than B's.
33.( 1) Yellow-green, toxic, toxic, denser than air, water-soluble gas (fill in at least two kinds)
(2)CaCl2 (3) Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and leave the scene quickly.
34.( 1) A, C, E(2)fe2o 3+6h cl = = 2 FeCl 3+3H2O(3) It is everyone's responsibility to care for the environment; Take care of our family; Grass also has life, please don't trample on it.
35.( 1) Composite (2) Advantages: Lightweight; Not easy to corrode; Low cost; High strength; Good insulation. Disadvantages: white pollution; Harmful to health. (3) Failure is the mother of success; Persistence is victory; Be innovative; We should develop team spirit; Only by working hard can we succeed; Face up to difficulties and bravely climb the peak of science and technology.
36.( 1.)① Long neck funnel ② sink
(2) BDCaCO3+2HCl = = CaCl2+H2O+CO2 = Put the burning stick into the gas cylinder to see if it will go out soon. (3)A First remove the airway from the water surface, and then remove the alcohol lamp to stop heating.
(4) The density is less than that of air and does not react with substances in the air.
37.(2) mixture of carbon powder and copper oxide (4)H2SO4(HCl and HNO3 are also acceptable) (5) black solid is insoluble and the solution is colorless; The black solid is completely dissolved and the solution is blue; The black solid is partially dissolved and the solution is blue. (6)B will interfere with the determination of water vapor in mixed gas A..
38. Solution: The relative molecular weight of (1) Sudan Red =12×16+l×12+14× 2+16 = 248.
(2) The mass ratio of C: H: N: 0 = (12×16): (1×12): (14× 2):16.
(3) The mass fraction of nitrogen = 1 1.3%.
A: (1) The relative molecular weight of Sudan red is 248;
(2) The mass ratio of four elements in Sudan Red is 48: 3: 7: 4;
(3) The mass fraction of nitrogen in Sudan Red is 1 1.3%.
39. Solution: (1) Let the mass of Zn in the alloy be X, and the mass of ZnSO4 in the obtained solution be Y..
X = 6.5g y= 16. 1 g.
The mass fraction of solute in the obtained ZnSO4 solution = 20%.
(2) If the required water quality is Z, then
20g× 9.8% = (z+20g )×19.6% z = 80g.
Answer: (1) The solute mass fraction of the obtained solution is 20%.
(2) 80 g of water is needed.
Why can't I afford a crispy rice for my clay pot rice? Maybe you put too much water or not enough heat. The key is to master the temperature and avoid fire, so as not to burn the bottom and top. Can you solve your problem?