Xi 'an, known as Chang 'an in ancient times, is an ancient capital with a history of thousands of years. Together with Rome, Athens, and Cairo, Egypt, it is also called "the four ancient capitals in the world" and ranks first among the six ancient capitals in China. When Xi 'an is mentioned, people will think of the ancient capital of the 13th Dynasty. Perhaps most people know such a name! But which thirteen dynasties' ancient capital was Xi 'an, and which dynasties successively built their capitals here? The author wants to talk about the dynasty of Xi 'an, the capital of Xi 'an, from this angle. There were successively 13 dynasties that established their capitals here, including the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, Western Han Dynasty, Xin Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty (early), Western Jin Dynasty (Yu), Former Zhao Dynasty, Former Qin Dynasty, Later Qin Dynasty, Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Zhou Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, which lasted 1 140 years. From BC 1057 to AD 904, Xi 'an was the political, economic and cultural center of China in ancient times, and it was the longest city in China. Western Zhou Dynasty: Zhou Wenwang was once the capital of Fenghao, now Xi 'an, and then returned to Haojing to formally establish the Zhou Dynasty, with Haojing (Xi 'an) as its capital. This year was about 1057 BC, which began the rule of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The last monarch of the Western Zhou Dynasty was Zhou Youwang. In the 11th year of Wang You (77 1 BC), the northwest minority dog Rong attacked Haojing and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished, which lasted about 286 years. Qin: During the Warring States period, Qin, a powerful vassal state, established its capital here, and in the twelfth year (350 BC) it was in Xianyang. After Ying Zheng, King of Qin, unified the six countries, the first emperor still took Xianyang as the capital and implemented the county system throughout the country. At the same time, it is stipulated that there is no county in Gyeonggi, which is governed by the internal history, which is different from other counties. At that time, Xi 'an area was managed by internal history. After Qin Dynasty, he died in the first year of Zi Ying (207 BC), where he established his capital about 144. Western Han Dynasty: Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor in 202 BC and moved to Chang 'an in May, beginning the rule of the Western Han Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty ended in the third year (AD 8), and died because of Wang Mang's usurpation of power, which lasted about 2 10 years. Xin: In 8 AD, the Western Han Dynasty established Wang Mang, with Chang 'an as its capital. Because its "restructuring" after taking office further intensified various domestic contradictions at that time, a peasant uprising broke out. In 23 AD, the uprising overthrew the rule of the "new" dynasty, and its rule in Chang 'an lasted about 15 years. Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty: The Eastern Han Dynasty was founded in 23 AD, with Luoyang as its capital. However, due to the melee between warlords in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, its feudal rule was disintegrated. In A.D. 190, Dong Zhuo went to Beijing and established the puppet emperor Liu Xie as the title of Chuping, controlling the central power. Later, due to the crusade of warlords from all over the world, Dong Zhuo came to Chang 'an with his late emperor from Luoyang in the first year of Chuping (190). After Dong Zhuo was killed, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty returned to Luoyang in the first year of Jian 'an (196) and ruled Chang 'an for about 6 years. Emperor Xu of the Western Jin Dynasty: In 266 AD, Sima Wei established the Western Jin Dynasty, with Luoyang as its capital, and unified the whole country. In the later period of the rule, due to the sharp contradictions between nationalities and classes, the Xiongnu captured the Luoyang Emperor on 3 1 1, and the Western Jin Emperor Xu Yu was forced to move to Chang 'an on 3 13 (the first year of Jianxing). After the Xiongnu destroyed the Western Jin Dynasty, the "Han" regime was established, but in the later period, the domestic contradictions were sharp and the ministers rebelled. In 3 18 (the first year), Liu Yao put down the rebellion, moved the capital to Chang' an, and changed his country name to Zhao, which was called Shi. However, the former Zhao regime was destroyed by the former Qin Dynasty in 330 (thirteen years), which lasted *** 13 years. Qian Qin: It was a political power established by the Yi people during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. 35 1 year (the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), Yi Jian, a Yi aristocrat, called himself "King of Heaven", with the title of "Qin" and its capital in Chang 'an, which was known as the former Qin in history. This regime once unified the Yellow River basin in the north. However, after the failure of the Battle of Feishui, the former Qin gradually disintegrated, and later the upper classes of all ethnic groups under the control of the former Qin established their own political power. In 385, the former Qin Dynasty was destroyed by Hou Yan in the first year of Pitan, which lasted about 35 years. The regime established by the Qiang people. In 384, Yao Chang, an aristocrat of Qiang nationality, claimed to be the King of Qin, with Chang 'an as its capital, which was called the later Qin Dynasty in history. This year was the first year of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), and he died in the second year of Yao Hongyong and Yonghe (4 17), which lasted about 34 years. Western Wei Dynasty: This is the regime established by the Tuoba people of Xianbei nationality. Tuoba once established the Northern Wei regime to end the division of sixteen countries, unify the Yellow River basin, and carry out the famous "Northern Wei Emperor Xiaowen Reform". Tuoba should also be called "Yuan". But it split in the later period of its rule. In 535, Yu Wentai, the minister of the Northern Wei Dynasty, made Yuan Baoju, a royal aristocrat, Emperor Wen. This year (535) was the first year of Emperor Wen's unification, with Chang 'an as its capital, which was called the Western Wei Dynasty in history. But this regime did not last long. In 557 A.D. (the third year of Gong), his son Yu Wenjue abolished the Western Wei Emperor and became emperor himself. The demise of the Western Wei Dynasty lasted about 23 years. Northern Zhou Dynasty: After Yu Wenjue abolished the Western Wei Dynasty in 557, he established the Northern Zhou regime with Chang 'an as its capital. The Northern Zhou Dynasty once unified the Yellow River Basin, but it gradually decayed in the later period of its rule, and the power fell into the hands of Emperor Wendi's consorts. 58 1 year (the first year of Jingdi Dading), Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty abolished Jingdi Zhou as king, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty perished, which lasted about 25 years. Sui: It was built by Emperor Wen of Sui, the spouse of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty abolished Zhou, with the title of Sui and its capital of Chang 'an. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, the whole country was unified in 589. However, Yang Di, the late ruler, was cruel and fatuous, which aggravated class contradictions and contradictions within the ruling class. In 6 18, the Sui Dynasty launched a coup against Yu Wenhuaji and killed the emperor Yang Di, which lasted for about 38 years. Tang: After being killed in 6 18 A.D., Li Yuan abolished the puppet Emperor You, proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an, and established the Tang Dynasty. Because Wu Zetian founded the Zhou Dynasty and moved the capital to Luoyang, and Huang Chao's Daqi regime was also in Chang 'an, Tang Dou in Chang 'an can be divided into three periods: before, during and after. The early period began in 6 18 (the first year of Gaozu Wude) and ended in the first year of Zongrui civilization (684), which lasted about 67 years. The middle period began in the first year of Qianlong in Zhongzong (705) and ended in the first year of Guangming in Xuanzong (880), lasting about 176 years. The last period began in the third year of Xuanzong (883) and ended in the first year of Zhaozong Tianyou (904), which lasted about 22 years, with a total of 265 years before, during and after. Of course, there are different opinions on how many dynasties successively built Xi 'an, but the theory of thirteen dynasties is the most common one. But no matter which one, it shows that Xi 'an is a famous ancient capital of China and even the world. In a word, Xi 'an illustrates the prosperity of China. Xi 'an confirmed the 5,000-year-old civilization and told the vicissitudes of the ancient capital of the 13th Dynasty.