Mayanghe National Nature Reserve is located at the junction of Yanhe Tujia Autonomous County and Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County in the northeast of Guizhou, with a geographical location of 28 37 ′ 30 ″-28 54 ′ 20 ″ north latitude and 65 438+008 3 ′ 53 ″-65 438+008 65 438 east longitude.
The main protected objects are langurs and their habitats, which are national key protected wild animals, and belong to wildlife nature reserves. According to the survey, there are about 76 groups of 730 langurs in this nature reserve, which is the most densely distributed area in China and the largest langur population in the world.
The nature reserve was founded in 1987, under the management of the Forestry Bureau of Tujia Autonomous County along the river. 1994 was upgraded to a provincial nature reserve with the approval of the Guizhou Provincial People's Government, under the management of the Provincial Forestry Department, with 25 managers.
In order to ensure the population reproduction and habitat integrity of langur, in 2002, with the approval of Guizhou Provincial People's Government, Sawtooth Mountain langur Nature Reserve in Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County of Zunyi City was merged into Mayanghe Provincial Nature Reserve, and in 2003, it was promoted to a national nature reserve with the approval of the State Council. In 2004, it joined the China Man and Biosphere Reserve Network.
In 2005, the minutes of the governor's office meeting of Guizhou Provincial People's Government were clear, and the Mayanghe Provincial Nature Reserve Administration in Guizhou was renamed as the Mayanghe National Nature Reserve Administration in Guizhou. It is a county-level institution directly under the Provincial Forestry Department; Approved the preparation of 30 people, the required personnel funds by the provincial finance to implement full budget management.
The nature reserve mainly protects langurs and their habitats, and is a national first-class protected wild animal. Through scientific investigation, there are more than 300 species of precious wild animals in the nature reserve, including 37 species of mammals, 32 species of amphibians and reptiles and 48 species of fish.
There are 3 1 species listed as national protected animals, including 3 species of Class I protected animals and 28 species of Class II protected animals. Among mammals, there are 14 species under state protection and 3 species under first-class protection, namely langur, leopard and forest musk deer. The second-class protected animals include black bear, hairy crown, big civet cat, jackal, impala, Sumen antelope, civet cat, macaque, forest musk deer, pangolin, otter and so on.
Among the birds, there are 15 species under second-class national protection, including kites, sparrows, common owls, vultures, white-tailed owls, magpies, red-footed falcons, kestrels, white-crowned pheasants, red-bellied golden pheasants, grasshoppers, mandarin ducks, yellow owls and so on. Myxocyprinus asiaticus is a national second-class protected animal. Among amphibians and reptiles, the giant salamander is a national second-class protected animal.
The forest vegetation in the two valleys of Mayanghe Nature Reserve is well preserved and rich in wildlife resources. It is an important gene bank of wildlife resources, which has important scientific research and social and economic value.
Mayanghe Nature Reserve is dominated by strange, steep and secluded karst landforms, with the original evergreen broad-leaved forest as the background and the canyon streams as the soul. During this period, there are various peaks and rocks, springs and caves.
The cliffs on both sides of the canyon face each other, and the caves along the coast are deep, rugged, tree-lined and intertwined. Langurs climb and play in it, showing the beautiful and diverse natural landscape of Mayanghe Nature Reserve. It is an excellent place for human beings to return to nature, carry out forest tourism and vacation.
Extended data:
Protect value
1, an important biodiversity conservation value
Mayanghe Nature Reserve belongs to the type of wild animals. The main purpose of Mayanghe Nature Reserve is to protect langurs and their habitats, which are key protected animals at the national level.
Langur is an endangered species in the world, mainly distributed in southern Vietnam and Guizhou, Guangxi, Chongqing and other places in China. According to statistics, there are about 2000 wild langurs in the world, and there are about 1200 in Guizhou Province. According to the investigation results of langur population in Mayanghe Nature Reserve by experts at home and abroad in 2004, there are 76 groups of langurs in Mayanghe Nature Reserve, with about 730 monkeys.
In addition, from the perspective of species protection, there are only 300 species of vertebrates in the nature reserve, and vascular plants 1 100. Among them, the national first-class protected wild animals are langur, leopard and forest musk deer, and the national second-class protected wild animals are black bear, civet, civet, macaque, impala, pangolin, white-crowned pheasant and golden pheasant.
There are five kinds of national first-class protected plants: Taxus chinensis, Taxus mairei, Ginkgo biloba, Paphiopedilum sclerophyllum and Paphiopedilum littoralis, and the second-class protected plants are fragrant fruit trees, cycads ferns, Taxodium distichum, Taxodium distichum, Cinnamomum camphora, umbrella flowers, Zelkova schneideriana, Machilus yunnanensis, Bletilla striata, shrimp ridges, Dendrobium candidum, Gastrodia elata, Lycaena, etc. Mayanghe Nature Reserve is an important gene bank of wildlife resources, which is of great value to biodiversity protection.
2. Ideal river management and environmental protection value.
Mayanghe Nature Reserve is located in the steep carbonate mountain area in the middle subtropical zone, in the middle reaches of Wujiang River. It is a typical karst landform with fragile ecological environment, easy to destroy and difficult to recover.
Wujiang River is the largest tributary on the south bank of the Yangtze River in the hinterland of the Three Gorges reservoir area. Today, with the overall deterioration of the ecological environment in the Wujiang River Basin, Mayang River and Hongdu Valley, the first-class main streams of the Wujiang River, still preserve good original vegetation on steep cliffs and narrow steps, which will be destroyed in the future if not protected in time. Therefore, it has very important ecological protection value and river management value.
3. The practical value of scientific research and teaching
Mayanghe Nature Reserve has completed the background resources investigation from 1987 to 199 1, and completed the monitoring study on the ecological habits of langur from 1996 to 1997, the investigation on the present situation of langur resources, the planning, design and implementation of langur food forest, etc.
Since 1997, under the guidance of the provincial forestry department, the nature reserve administration has carried out the field artificial breeding and domestication of langurs, and achieved results. The recessive feeding process of langur-human-monkey meeting feeding-signal feeding was completed, and the gradual adaptation process of langur from fear to active feeding was completed. The affinity between langur and human was greatly deepened, which created the precedent of artificial feeding and domestication of langur in the field.
In 2003, the Nature Reserve Administration completed the langur population survey with the support of Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 2004, with the support of the FFI project of the International Wildlife Conservation Association, experts at home and abroad and researchers from Guizhou Nature Reserve participated in the survey of langur protection status.
The reserve management bureau also widely publicizes the progress of the reserve, the forest resources and natural landscape in the reserve by using various publicity media such as television, newspapers and periodicals. CCTV News 30 Sub-column, International Channel News Column, gztv Discovery Guizhou Column, News Column, etc. The scientific research and the protection and management of langurs in Mayanghe Nature Reserve have been reported many times.
Before the 2008 Olympic Games, the column "Beautiful China" prepared by CCTV's high-definition channel has been confirmed to shoot related content in Mayanghe Nature Reserve. Now, multidisciplinary researchers from Chongqing and the surrounding areas of Guizhou Province have visited the nature reserve, and the surrounding cities and counties also use the nature reserve as a popular science education base for young people.
Beijing Forestry University, Northeast Forestry University, Southwest Forestry College, xihua university, Jilin Agricultural University, Guizhou University, Guizhou Normal University, Guizhou Forestry School, etc. Use the reserve as a research and teaching base. The FFI project team has taken Mayanghe Nature Reserve as the key protection and scientific research base of China langur.
4. Attractive and beautiful landscape has the value of developing eco-tourism.
Mayanghe Nature Reserve has convenient transportation, only 24 kilometers away from the county seat. You can go by bus, or you can go to the fourth district or Hongdu by boat via Wujiang River. In addition to the picturesque Wujiang River, the beautiful scenery after entering the reserve is even more refreshing. The gap landscape formed by tall and majestic limestone faults, deep valleys, clear and gentle flowing water and short faults in rivers can be said to be beautiful step by step.
Especially in Eagle Rock Scenic Area, the crystal clear Mayang River flows quietly through the canyon along the winding riverbed. There are many caves on both sides of the river bank, some of which are connected in series. Stone bells and stalagmites in the cave have different shapes, just like entering the mythical water curtain cave in Guo Hua.
The underwater sound of stalactites seems to tell people the historical vicissitudes of thousands of years. Some caves are unfathomable, and the strange and elusive passages in the dark always make people shy away. Only the faint milky way can know the whereabouts of this cave.
The cliff on the river bank is as steep as an axe. On the cliff without soil layer, lush trees are intertwined and have different postures, which constitute a unique vegetation landscape in karst landform. Only the unbreakable long roots deeply embedded in the gap of the cliff can make people understand how tenacious the fault hit by the exposed rock erodes the forest on the landform.
The subtle movements of various animals in the forest and the chirping of birds make strange scenic spots full of vitality. The caves and fissure caves on the cliff of Eagle Rock are places where two groups of langurs live and move for a long time, and they are really rare places to watch monkeys. The summer on the beach is cool and pleasant, which is in sharp contrast with the hot climate outside the area. This is a natural refuge.
Not far from the downstream of Eagle Rock is the famous scenic spot "Shipai". The scenery here is very unique. The surging river and the majestic stone tablet break through the wall, which not only makes people feel relaxed and happy, but also the thin momentum and masculine landscape, especially like a colorful landscape painting, makes people feel a feeling beyond human power. Therefore, Mayanghe Nature Reserve has great potential to develop eco-tourism.
To sum up, Mayanghe Nature Reserve is a nature reserve with important protection value, which integrates the protection of rare and endangered animals and plants, the protection of species diversity gene bank, the protection of natural landscape, the protection of ecological environment, scientific research, publicity and education, and the development of forest eco-tourism.
References:
Guizhou Provincial People's Government-Mayanghe National Nature Reserve in Guizhou