Maybe you will have a question in your heart, why do you want to read the classics a hundred times?
Is it necessary for adults to follow this method when reading classics?
Some people say I can't understand 10 times? Of course nobody cares about you. Some people say, wouldn't it be better if I read 1000 times? Of course it would be better.
Since you can read 10 and 1000 times, why do many people choose to read 100 times? Are their methods correct?
Who summed up this rule and made many people who read classics believe it?
With these questions, let's take a look.
First of all, it should be emphasized that the classics mentioned in this paper mainly refer to the four books, five classics or thirteen classics of Confucianism. Reading mentioned below also refers to this kind of books, not miscellaneous books.
The four books refer to the Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. The Five Classics refer to The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zhouyi and Chunqiu, which are referred to as "Poems, Books, Rites, Changes and Chunqiu" for short.
Thirteen Classics include The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Zhou Li, Yi Li, Li Ji, Yijing, Zuo Zhuan, Gongyang Zhuan, Liang Zhuan, The Analects of Confucius, Er Ya, Xiao Jing and Mencius.
"Reading a book a hundred times, its meaning is self-evident" comes from Jin's The History of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Zhi Dong Yuchuan. The original text said: "Dong Yu's words are straight in the season and plain and eager to learn. People learn from scholars, but refuse to teach them. As the saying goes,' You must read it a hundred times first!' Say,' Read it a hundred times and you will understand what you mean'. "
It means that some people want to learn from Dong Yu, but Dong Yu refuses to teach others. Instead, he said to others: You must read this book a hundred times first. After reading it a hundred times, the meaning and truth in the book will naturally be understood.
Xunzi said that recitation is consistent. Look at the ancient people's endorsement, but also remember the number of times. Knowing that Hengqu must teach people to read and recite is the first meaning of Taoism. The number of times is enough, but it is not chanting, you must sing; Not enough times. Although I have recited it, it will be full. But a hundred times, naturally stronger than fifty times. When it is 200 times, it is naturally better than 100 times. -Zhu's Reading Law
Generally speaking, it is necessary for students to learn from others, and it must be Li Yan's course, and they can't slow down for a day. You need to read general classics and general sub-books every day, not too much, as long as you can do it with ease. You must sit in a quiet room and read it 200 or 300 times. You must recite it, and you can't let it go for a day. -Biography of Small Devices
Stop reading a book every day, growing up. Zhu's well-meaning words are jaw-dropping. With the increase of daily intensity and sexual resources, it gradually increased from one or two hundred words to six or seven hundred words. Although the days are long, they are nearly a thousand words. Every big paragraph should be divided into small paragraphs, and each small paragraph should be read a hundred times, a hundred times, and twenty or thirty times. After reading the classics, I will imitate this. -"Chronology of Reading at Cheng's Family School"
He will read the new book twenty or thirty times, or ten or twenty times. Even if he is agile, he will be proved once or twice after teaching, so that a word can't be wrong. Ask him to sit down after the certificate is issued. He must be told to read every new book a hundred times, or fifty times for a wise man. -"Good Rules for Teaching Children"
Tang Biao said: When the ancients read books, they must remember the times; Although I have recited it, I still have to repeat it several times. Therefore, Zhu Ziyun: Reading a hundred times is naturally better than fifty times; When you read it fifty times, it is better than when you read it thirty times. -"Home-school teaching method"
Familiarity: children must be ordered to read books in the morning. 100 to 200 times. Familiarity is like running water, it is something else. Today's foundation is very deep, and I won't forget it in the future, and I'm too lazy to read more books when I manage them, just rolling down in one breath. How labor-saving it is. Every time I see a country school, I don't use its vitality to read a book. I correct it every afternoon, and my husband scolds me, but I am angry with the children. The longer I read this book, the more I forget it. After that, I tried to be gentle and only familiar.
Handout: I am familiar with reading in the morning now. After I finished reading at noon, I finished writing in the afternoon and put the books in order. I still want to read the new books and books within ten days for a hundred times and explain what I read clearly. The meaning of the cover word is clear first, and then it will be understood naturally. The difference between reading and speaking, and those who are unfamiliar and don't understand? -Eight Methods of Teaching Children in Jincheng, Qing Dynasty
Mr. Yan Baishi was a master of Confucian classics in the Qing Dynasty, but his nature was really dull. Children receive a book, it is easy to read it a hundred times, and they are good at diseases, but their mothers forbid it. So I memorized it and stopped making any noise. If so, ten years. One day, I suddenly realized that it was undoubtedly a delay to look back at the books I studied in the past. Cover up hard work and energy. Under the world, fools feel sorry for themselves, or make excuses that scholars are sick. If you look at Yu Xiansheng, you will know that you are ashamed. -"Tales of Celebrities in Qing Dynasty Learning Style"
In the history of China, there was an emperor named Kangxi the Great, who was an out-and-out "learning madman". Not only did he study hard when he was young, but he also took part in the "after-dinner talk" when he was in office, and persisted for 15 years. It was not until the Confucian classics and history were basically finished that Emperor Kangxi ordered to stop the lecture that day.
In Notes of Kangxi Mansion, Kangxi once said, "When I was young, I had to study at a speed of 120 times. If I don't cover it like this, I can't drown it. "
Kangxi's "Courtyard Training" records: "When I was eight years old, I climbed the pole, that is, I only struggled to learn. At that time, I was taught a sentence about readers, including Zhang He, who were all scholars in the Ming Dynasty. His teaching is only based on classics. As for poetry, that's later. At the age of seventeen or eighteen, I was proficient in learning. Before I was appointed as a director every day, I started reading at five o'clock. At dusk, the director had a little leisure, and he spoke again, but he was overworked and had blood in his sputum, and he never stopped. I am young and eager to learn. "
Emperor Kangxi, who was tired of studying and had blood in his sputum, also had a very strict education for the prince. Because of his success, Emperor Kangxi firmly believed that the' 120 Recitation Method' was effective. Therefore, the same is true of Emperor Kangxi's request for his prince.
The method of reading is "the master reads one sentence, and the prince reads one sentence. If the catchy words are read a hundred times, he will read them a hundred times with a book born four days ago." Anyone who was six days ago is called a familiar book. It will be repeated every five days, repeatedly and continuously. "This kind of method that the teacher said, the prince said, and then endorsed after speaking has not changed until the end of the Qing Dynasty.
From the above comments and examples, we know that what everyone said today: the method of reading the classics for a hundred times is not empty talk or family tradition, but it is indeed one of the important methods for China to teach children to read the classics since ancient times.
We know the law of reading classics a hundred times. What are the real reasons and reasons behind it? According to various opinions, to sum up, there are roughly three points:
Zhu Xi's reading method: recite more. Natural and catchy. I can't forget it for a long time
Lu Ya Ding, principal of primary school: Ordinary people have memories. There is understanding. Since 15 years ago. Material desires are not stained. Knowledge is not open. More memory. I don't understand. After fifteen o'clock Knowledge is open. Materialism is getting more and more serious. The smarter you are. Less memory. So, read everything. Everyone should start reading before the fifteenth. Not just the four books and five classics. That is astronomy, geography, history and mathematics. Everyone has a song formula. Must be familiar with. If you are older, you will not refuse to study. And you can't read it. Today, the school in the village started. Teach more children to read poetry. Straight men are meaningless.
The Law of Fathers and Teachers Being Good at Inducing: Every time I see a teacher teaching students a life book, I don't count it many times, but I can recite it in time. Teach today. Let's recite it tonight. Or recite it the next morning. I wonder if the students have tried their best to recite it for a while. A few days later. I don't know. What are the benefits of reading? Murray taught a new book. Read it thirty times in a row. Let him write. Nourish his soul. After the words are finished, I will read the book I taught yesterday for twenty times. The interest will be less. Read what I taught the day before again for twenty times. Still not resting. Read what I taught the day before for twenty times. Read the last two days again for twenty times. * * * one hundred times in total. Read five books in a row. All students are not allowed to read enthusiastically in the study in the morning. Even if he recited five poems before, even the books that should have been recited long ago will stop. * * * Recite five poems. This is a book. I studied for five days. Put your back on your back for five days. Then rest. I have been familiar with students for more than ten days. I will never forget it. In case there is a wrong sentence behind, explain it to him. This book once said so. You should read a word. This teaching method will never be forgotten.
Respect the public: children have a good memory before 15 years old. Adults usually have this experience. When waiting for work, they often forget the past and forget the future, and get twice the result with half the effort. Therefore, the ancients were very clever, and they memorized the classics recognized in China's thousands of years of history, such as the Four Books and the Five Classics, before their children came of age. Even if you don't recite them after work, these classics are already in your mind, and you won't forget them easily, which is enough for a lifetime.
"Zhu Reading Law": Today people can't remember it, and they can't say it. If you live or die, you are unfamiliar, so you are not as good as the ancients. Scholars can read books, texts, take notes and recite them with ease. In your notes, you can explain the meaning of the text, the names of things and inventions, and identify them one by one. If you do it yourself, you can ponder it over and over again, and there is a transparent place to go up. It is so familiar with the study of strengthening thinking.
Emperor Kangxi said to himself: Reading must be done at a speed of 120 times. If you don't cover it up like this, you can't drown the righteousness.
According to the author, no matter how you interpret the classics or modern studies, you may always find some people very powerful. They basically don't have to prepare lessons for lectures, just like a few treasures. They can talk endlessly, integrate many books and different knowledge points, and interpret a problem in an all-round way, with depth and breadth.
Most people can't do it. Why? This gap often lies in the degree of proficiency in book content and knowledge, as well as thinking about it. Skilled, can be called from the brain without thinking; Skilled, it will be easy to get through, aggregate and use it for me.
Understanding classics is not just a moment's notes, but often there is another interpretation in different times and different scenes. If you can't read it and recite it, it may not be easy to understand and interpret at any time. Just as there is no basis for learning and reciting poems, no matter how beautiful the scenery is, it can't recite proper poems.
Familiar reading and reciting can better ponder and think at any time and place and understand the truth.
Zhu said to him: the door. Is to put yourself in the truth Gradually dating. Be one with yourself. Now humans are coming. Home is not here. Yuan is irrelevant. Scholars should embody the words of sages when reading. Such as self-denial. For example, going out and meeting distinguished guests. I have to cover my body. I can really restrain myself and return the favor. Please forgive me. This is the case. This is beneficial. It is said so.
Don't need to read too much. Read a word. One word per line. Mr. Yichuan also tasted that reading an inch is not as good as doing an inch.
Cheng Zi said, "Scholars asked the disciples questions in The Analects of Confucius, and the saints' answers should be heard today, and they will naturally gain something. Although Confucius and Mencius were resurrected, they used it to teach people. If you can think deeply in Meng's language, you will cultivate a very healthy temperament in the future! "
Cheng Zi said, "Anyone who sees Yu Meng will be familiar with it and think deeply about it. You must cut the sage's words to yourself, not just make a speech. People can only read two self-editing books and be separated for life. "
Author's press: There are classics in my heart, just like there are sages around me at any time. Every line, the sage's teachings may flash in my mind. For example, "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" is to teach yourself to put yourself in others' shoes instead of just thinking about yourself.
Another example is: "Ask yourself if you do something wrong", that is, teach yourself not to always complain about the environment and others, but to find the reasons from yourself.
By reciting these classics, you can remember them at any time at work and better regulate your words and deeds.
The above three items are probably the main reasons why the ancients asked children to be familiar with classics when reading them. Of course, there are other benefits. For example, it can calm people down and put up with boredom. Reading classics is a process of spiritual cultivation.
At present, it is still necessary to flexibly use the method of reading the classics for one hundred times.
First, frequency is not an end, but a method and process. If you can do the above three items, there is no need to read them a hundred times. If you can't do the above three points, you can do it a thousand times.
Second, adults read classics differently from children. For most adults, memory is worse than childhood, understanding is stronger, and life and social experience are richer, so you don't have to stick to reading it many times. On the contrary, if we can correctly grasp and understand the classics, read and recite them frequently, and do this in our daily practice, we will achieve the real purpose of reading and reciting them.
Third, the intensive reading rule of reading a hundred times may not be used to read all the books. Some books can be widely read quickly, while others can be read at will. For example, some modern and practical books and novels may not need to be read like this.
Fourth, with the development of modern science and technology, a lot of knowledge or information can be retrieved and queried at any time, on the other hand, it can be updated quickly and iteratively. Some contents may not be necessary for non-professionals to memorize in their minds.
These are also what we need to grasp and distinguish flexibly.
The above remarks are personal opinions and are for reference only.