According to the latest data from the Ministry of Public Security, by the end of 20 17, the number of cars in China had reached 2170,000. Zhiyan Consulting, a market research organization, predicts that the number of scrapped cars in China is expected to reach 9.07 million in 20 18. However, the reporter of the Economic Information Daily learned that less than 30% of scrapped cars flowed into the regular scrapped car dismantling factory, and a large number of scrapped cars flowed into the "black market" through the hands of "yellow cattle" without formal qualifications, and finally put on assembled cars to drive on the road again, which brought great hidden dangers to public transportation safety.
There are many hidden dangers:
A large number of scrapped cars flow to the "gray zone"
Searching for keywords such as scrapped cars and car recycling on the Internet will pop up slogans such as "the highest subsidy price in the same industry" and "free door-to-door treatment", which really attracts attention. The reporter learned that in the "black market", the price of the steering gear of the car alone is above that of 500 yuan, and the engine with good color and high quality can be sold for 50,000 to 60,000 yuan, far exceeding the income from the formal scrapping of the car.
Similar to the situation faced by Chen Yong, the owner of Anhai Town, Jinjiang City, Fujian Province, the same situation has occurred in other provinces in China: Manager Li of Nanjing Su Wu Automobile Scrapping Company told reporters that if the van or car is scrapped through formal channels, the owner can only get it from 200 yuan to 300 yuan. In Guangzhou, it is also calculated by tons, and cars are quoted at 280 yuan per ton. In Jiangsu, a 16 ton diesel truck can only get a subsidy of 9000 yuan in a qualified dismantling enterprise.
In fact, the Measures for the Administration of Scrap Car Recycling stipulates that when a car travels to 600,000 kilometers, it should be sent to a qualified enterprise for dismantling and scrapping; Dismantled engines, steering gears, transmissions, front and rear axles, frames and other "five major assemblies" are prohibited from illegal sale and should be forcibly returned to the furnace as scrap metal; The owner can receive the residual value obtained by recycling scrap metal. Those who dispose of scrapped cars in violation of regulations and engage in scrapped car recycling activities without obtaining the qualification of scrapped car recycling enterprises will face the punishment of confiscation of illegal income and fines.
Although there are relevant national regulations, driven by interests, many car owners and dealers take risks and make their cars "come to a bad end". According to the data of scrapped cars branch of China Renewable Resources Recycling Association, from the recycling data of 20 15 to 20 17, the proportion of scrapped cars flowing into regular scrapped car dismantling plants is less than 30%.
According to industry insiders, a large number of scrapped cars have flowed to the "gray zone", and there are two main flows of illegally recycled scrapped cars:
First, it was directly resold to rural areas and remote mountainous areas by "deck". "These vehicles are often worried about their safety performance; If the vehicle moves out and does not land, in the event of an accident, the original owner will be responsible. " Liao Zhiyong, marketing director of Guangdong Hengju Demolition King Technology Co., Ltd. said.
Mr. Hao in Beijing once encountered such a trap. On 20 16, I got the contact information of the intermediary Jiang, and handed over my Santana driving on 13 to Jiang for scrapping. Unexpectedly, Jiang killed a 6-year-old child and escaped on his way back from the car. After investigation, the owner of the car was Mr. Hao, and the family of the child who was hit sued Jiang and him to the court.
Second, after being illegally dismantled, some parts flowed into the auto parts trading market. Liao Zhiyong said that after scrapped cars are illegally dismantled, auto parts may be transferred to the auto parts trading market for trading, and even the "five major assemblies" will be sold to auto repair shops by car dealers in various ways, and a large number of scrapped auto parts will be reloaded and become "time bombs" running on the road.
It is understood that the "five major assemblies" of vehicles have unique VIN (Vehicle Identification Number), just like everyone's ID card. Through a series of numbers, you can see information such as what car, what configuration and model year. If a traffic accident occurs after the assembled car is on the road, it can be traced back to the original owner through VIN, and the original owner will bear legal responsibility.
Polarization:
The current situation of vehicle scrapping is not optimistic.
According to industry sources, car dealers all over the country have formed a fixed circulation system from advertising, car collection, car evaluation, secondary sales to parts disassembly, and the huge "black market" of scrapped cars has exceeded/kloc-0.00 billion yuan. On the other hand, most of the regular scrap car recycling enterprises are in a state of "not enough to eat".
During an unannounced visit to Chen Tian Village, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, one of the gathering places of auto parts trading, I saw that the auto parts city with more than 1500 booths operated various auto parts, such as wheels, lights, tires and some tricycles carrying various auto parts shuttled through the auto parts city.
A tricycle owner told reporters that there are some scattered disassembly workshops two kilometers away, and he will transport the disassembled parts from the disassembly workshops to the stores according to the needs of the stores in the auto parts city.
Although the wall of some auto parts cities says "Five Assemblies of Cars are Prohibited", some shops still write "Steering Gear" in a swaggering way. The reporter asked about a shop with "steering gear" written at the door. The shopkeeper said that his family only does the steering gear business, and the car driven by the customer can be disassembled in his workshop, but he only accepts the steering gear.
The reporter chatted with a security guard in the auto parts city and learned that many auto disassembly workshops near the auto parts city are manually disassembled. "It takes three people half an hour to dismantle a car, just like cutting meat. You can cut whichever you want." There are also some 4s shops that will come here to find parts. "If you order from regular channels, it will take several months to arrive."
Compared with the booming parts trading in auto parts city, the regular scrap car recycling enterprises are "empty doors".
The reporter saw in the sales department of Guangzhou Metal Recycling Co., Ltd., located in Baiyun District, Guangzhou, that one side of the hospital was full of vehicles to be scrapped, and the other side was scrapped vehicles being dismantled by "robots". When interviewed by the reporter, an employee operated a disassembling vehicle to disassemble scrapped vehicles into four categories: scrap steel, plastic, thin materials and non-ferrous metals. In just 20 minutes, a car was dismantled.
Guo Qizhi, deputy secretary-general of Guangzhou Material Recycling Association, said that there are currently five scrapped automobile dismantling and recycling enterprises with dismantling qualification in Guangzhou, with an annual dismantling volume of 6.5438+0.5 million vehicles. But in fact, in 20 17, Guangzhou * * * recycled 8 1000 vehicles, including 33,000 cars. "Most of the regular scrapped car factories are in a state of' not enough to eat'." Taking Baiyun District Station of Guangzhou Metal Recycling Co., Ltd. as an example, the annual dismantling amount is about 1 10,000 vehicles, but the actual dismantling amount is 3,000 vehicles.
Get to the bottom of it:
Why is the end of scrapped cars bumpy?
What is the reason for the regular scrap factory to "have enough to eat" and scrap cars to find another way? The insiders believe that the number of scrapped automobile dismantling enterprises with formal qualifications is small, and the gray area of illegal lending is widespread.
First, the distribution of scrapped automobile dismantling enterprises is uneven. Guo Qizhi said that the state stipulates that only when the number of cars in cities reaches 500,000 can a formally qualified scrapped car dismantling enterprise be established. As a result, some scrapped cars in remote areas and rural areas have to go through formal scrapping procedures, which is very expensive. "It is not enough to drive hundreds of kilometers and scrap hundreds of dollars."
Wu Jingli, Yangzhou Haizhong Second-hand Car Trading Market Co., Ltd. revealed that Haizhong Company applied to the Market Department of Yangzhou Municipal Bureau of Commerce to carry out scrap car recycling and dismantling business, but it was "not accepted" on the grounds that "the state and the province implement total control on scrap car recycling enterprises" and "there can only be one scrap car dismantling and recycling enterprise in prefecture-level cities in principle"
Second, the profit-seeking trend leads to the widespread existence of the gray area of illegal lending. Jiang, director of the comprehensive department of Guangzhou Metal Recycling Co., Ltd., said that the recycling price of scrapped cars in formal channels is low, and the quotation for recycling scrapped cars depends on the prices of scrap steel and non-ferrous metals in the market. The profit margin of the regular scrap car dismantling plant is small, and the five major assemblies can only be handed over to iron and steel enterprises as smelting raw materials, and only some plastics and copper wires can be recycled for profit. "The recycling price is calculated by weight and will be adjusted according to the recycling price of non-ferrous metals in the market, but the change is not big. A car is probably 500 yuan. " Guo Qizhi said.
In addition, because the average individual car owner has no invoice deduction, the corporate tax exceeds 19%, "the profit margin is limited, and the existing dismantling capacity is idle." Jiang said to him.
Third, the policy stimulus of neighboring cities has led to a strong wait-and-see mood in the market. According to the Measures of Shenzhen Municipality on Incentive and Subsidy for Early Elimination of Old Cars (20 17-20 18), the old cars that are eliminated in advance according to regulations can get a subsidy of up to 30,000 yuan; Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province subsidized taxis for formal scrapping procedures. Guo Qizhi said that some car owners in Guangzhou also hold a wait-and-see attitude and hope that local finance will subsidize more. In addition, the elimination of yellow-label vehicles and subsidies for the renewal of old vehicles in Guangzhou in the early years also prompted the early release of some normal scrapping needs. At present, most of the vehicles dismantled by regular automobile dismantling plants are buses.
Fourth, many car owners lack knowledge of car scrapping. Xu Lei, a cadre of the government office in Sihong County, Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, said frankly that in towns and villages in northern Jiangsu, there was little publicity on the legal and compliance treatment of scrapped cars, and he was not familiar with it as a government worker.
Institutional innovation:
The trillion-dollar automobile aftermarket needs to be standardized urgently.
Hero born to die, cars also have their own "life cycle". Crossing mountains, canyons, snow and ice will accompany you all the way. When the car is "old", where will it go? Industry insiders suggest that relevant laws and regulations should be revised, relevant industry standard systems and a more perfect automobile recycling industry chain should be established to realize refined disassembly and resource recycling.
Gao, secretary-general of China Materials Recycling Association, said that at present, many developed countries have achieved refined dismantling and recycling of resources. China's scrap car disposal field contains trillion-dollar market potential, so it is urgent to establish relevant industry standard system to solve the old problems such as high policy threshold, few qualified enterprises, being far away from the financial market, low technical level and insufficient innovation ability.
According to insiders, the relevant state departments are currently revising the "Management Measures for Scrap Car Recycling" promulgated in 20001,which is expected to cancel the total amount control requirements for scrap car recycling and dismantling enterprises and implement the "first license" system; Allow disassembled and reused parts to enter the market circulation and carry out green car consumption; Encourage the "Five Assemblies" to be remanufactured by qualified remanufacturing enterprises.
"After the implementation of the new policy of scrapped cars, one car and one price will be negotiated and priced by the market. Car owners are expected to get more benefits, and more cars to be scrapped will return to the formal dismantling channels, which is also conducive to promoting the refined and standardized development of the automotive aftermarket. " Gao said.
While people in the industry are full of expectations for the management measures to be revised soon, they also suggest establishing a more perfect automobile recycling industry chain:
-Establish a circular economy industrial park and implement "decentralized recycling and centralized dismantling". Du Hui, an associate professor at Chongqing University Law School, suggested setting up an environmental protection facility enjoyment network to guide the industry to develop in the direction of environmental dismantling and waste recycling. "In the circular economy industrial park, relevant enterprises * * * enjoy environmental protection equipment and strengthen cooperation with environmental protection enterprises, which not only reduces the cost of environmental assessment, alleviates the operational difficulties of enterprises, but also is conducive to the standardized disposal of wastes and the unified supervision of the state".
-Implementing the responsibility system for automobile producers and implementing the whole life cycle management of automobiles. Li Yingchun, a senior partner of Zhejiang Jingheng Law Firm, suggested that automobile manufacturers should be required to bind the engine number through information technology to warn the vehicles about to be scrapped. Automobile manufacturers should set up a special scrap car recycling department or subsidiary to subsidize and reward the recycling of scrapped cars.
"At present, it is urgent to clarify the main body of recycling in law, or the manufacturer is responsible for recycling, or it is recycled by a special automobile recycling enterprise; Implement a compulsory recycling system for scrapped cars, clarify the standards for scrapped cars, and give relevant departments the authority to handle them according to legal procedures. " Zhu Tao, a professor at the School of Cyberspace Security and Information Law of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, called for stepping up the crackdown on illegal activities of "fake scrapping and real modification" and clarifying the regulatory agencies and regulatory responsibilities of scrapped cars.
-Through the cooperation between government and enterprises, a unified national networking platform will be built to improve the networking and technical level of the industry. Lai Xiaoling, founder of "Scrapping Expert", a car scrapping service platform, suggested that a unified network platform can be used to guide car owners to submit scrapped cars to formal dismantling enterprises through the network platform, shorten intermediate links and gradually eliminate the black market "yellow cattle".