The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education answered the reporter's question on the "Overall Plan for Promoting the Construction of World-class Universities and First-class Disciplines": Accelerate the construction of a number of world-class universities and first-class disciplines.
The Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform deliberated and adopted the overall plan for promoting the construction of world-class universities and disciplines, further clarified the guiding principles and specific objectives of the party and the state for building world-class universities, and put forward new and higher requirements for promoting the construction of world-class universities.
On the 5th, the General Office of the State Council officially issued the "Overall Plan". The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education accepted an interview with Xinhua News Agency on policy measures, background, implementation rules and specific requirements.
The new situation and new tasks put forward higher requirements for the international competitiveness of higher education.
Q: What is the background of promoting the construction of world-class universities and disciplines as a whole?
A: Building first-class universities and disciplines is an important strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in the new historical period to improve the level of China's education development, enhance the country's core competitiveness and lay a long-term development foundation.
Since the mid-1990s, the Ministry of Education, the Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance have successively implemented key construction projects such as "2 1 1 Project" and "985 Project" to meet the different requirements of different stages of higher education, which has enhanced the comprehensive strength and international influence of a number of key construction universities, promoted the overall level of higher education in China and strongly supported the sustained and rapid economic and social development.
Practice has proved that the key construction road of "concentrating resources, taking the lead in breaking through and driving the whole" has given full play to the superiority of the socialist system in concentrating on doing great things, quickly narrowed the gap between China and a powerful country in higher education, and laid a good foundation for further building world-class universities and disciplines.
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the education reform has been comprehensive and in-depth, and the development level has entered the upper-middle ranks in the world. At present, China's economic development has entered a new normal, and the CPC Central Committee has put forward a "four comprehensive" strategic layout. The Fifth Plenary Session profoundly pointed out that innovation must be placed at the core of the overall development of the country and the innovation-driven development strategy must be implemented in depth. The new situation and new tasks put forward higher requirements for higher education to implement connotation development and improve international competitiveness.
By the middle of this century, China has basically become a powerful country in higher education.
Q: What is the strategic goal of promoting the construction of world-class universities and disciplines as a whole?
A: First-class universities and first-class disciplines are an important force for knowledge discovery and scientific and technological innovation, an important source of advanced ideas and excellent culture, an important base for cultivating all kinds of high-quality talents and an important support for serving economic and social development. Building world-class universities and disciplines is a long-term strategic task. In accordance with the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, we should take China characteristics and world-class as the core, take moral education as the foundation, support the innovation-driven development strategy and serve the economy and society as the guidance, speed up the construction of a number of world-class universities and disciplines, enhance the comprehensive strength and international competitiveness of China's higher education, and provide strong support for realizing the goal of "two hundred years" and the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Adhering to China's characteristics and being first-class in the world means fully implementing the Party's educational policy, adhering to the direction of running a socialist school, strengthening the Party's leadership over colleges and universities, taking root in China, following the laws of education, creatively inheriting the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, actively exploring the road of building a world-class university and first-class discipline with China characteristics, striving to become the promoter and leader of the reform and development of world higher education, cultivating builders and successors of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and better serving the socialist modernization and people.
Focusing on the national strategic goal of "two hundred years", the overall promotion of the construction of first-class universities and first-class disciplines will be divided into three steps:
The first step is that by 2020, several universities and disciplines will enter the world-class ranks, and several disciplines will enter the forefront of world-class disciplines;
The second step is that by 2030, more universities and disciplines will enter the world-class ranks, several universities will enter the forefront of world-class disciplines, and a number of disciplines will enter the forefront of world-class disciplines, and the overall strength of higher education will be significantly improved;
The third step is that by the middle of this century, the number and strength of first-class universities and first-class disciplines will enter the forefront of the world and basically become a powerful country in higher education.
These four principles promote the construction of world-class universities and disciplines.
Q: What basic principles should be followed to promote the overall construction of world-class universities and disciplines?
A: We must adhere to four principles:
First, adhere to the first-class goal. Guide and support high-level universities and high-level disciplines with certain strength to aim at world-class, gather high-quality resources, train first-class talents, produce first-class results, and accelerate their progress towards world-class.
Second, adhere to the discipline as the basis. Guide and support colleges and universities to optimize the discipline structure, concise the discipline development direction, highlight the key points of discipline construction, innovate the discipline organization mode, create more discipline peaks, and drive schools to give play to their advantages and run their own characteristics.
Third, adhere to the performance as a lever. Establish an incentive and restraint mechanism, encourage fair competition, strengthen management by objectives, highlight the actual effect of construction, build and improve the evaluation system of world-class universities and first-class disciplines with China characteristics, and fully stimulate the endogenous motivation and construction vitality of colleges and universities.
Fourth, persist in taking reform as the driving force. Deepen the comprehensive reform of colleges and universities, speed up the construction of a modern university system with China characteristics, strive to break down institutional and institutional obstacles, speed up the construction of a dynamic, efficient and more open institutional mechanism conducive to the scientific development of schools, and be the vanguard of education reform.
Pay equal attention to construction and reform.
Q: What are the key tasks of building world-class universities and disciplines?
A: Focusing on the core requirements of "China features, world-class", the Master Plan has arranged 10 key tasks from two aspects: construction and reform.
There are five build tasks:
The first is to build a first-class teacher team. Strengthen the support and leading role of high-level talents, speed up the training and introduction of a number of first-class scientists, leading figures in disciplines and innovative teams, and cultivate and bring up an excellent team of teachers. The second is to cultivate top-notch innovative talents. Highlight the core position of talent training, and strive to cultivate all kinds of innovative, applied and compound talents with national mission and social responsibility, innovative spirit and practical ability. The third is to improve the level of scientific research. Guided by the country's major needs, we will improve the high-level scientific research ability, focus on improving the ability to solve major problems and original innovation, and promote the innovation of scientific research organization model. Create a new university think tank with China characteristics and world influence. The fourth is to inherit and innovate excellent culture. Strengthen the construction of university culture, integrate socialist core values into the whole process of education and teaching, and give full play to the educational role of Chinese excellent traditional culture. The fifth is to focus on promoting the transformation of results. Deepen the integration of production and education, focus on improving the contribution rate of colleges and universities to industrial transformation and upgrading, promote the transformation of major scientific innovations and key technological breakthroughs into advanced productive forces, and enhance the driving force of innovative resources in colleges and universities for economic and social development.
There are also five reform tasks: first, strengthen and improve the party's leadership over colleges and universities. Adhere to and improve the principal responsibility system under the leadership of the Party Committee, firmly grasp the leadership of ideological work in colleges and universities, and comprehensively promote the party building work in colleges and universities. The second is to improve the internal governance structure. Accelerate the formation of a perfect, standardized and unified system guided by the articles of association, strengthen the construction of academic organizations, and improve democratic management and supervision. The third is to achieve breakthroughs in key links. Accelerate the reform of personnel system, personnel training mode, scientific research system and mechanism, and resource collection mechanism. The fourth is to build a social participation mechanism. Accelerate the establishment and improvement of a long-term mechanism for social support and supervision of school development. Establish and improve the Council system and speed up the improvement of the close cooperation model with industries and enterprises. The fifth is to promote international exchanges and cooperation. Strengthen substantive cooperation with world-class universities and academic institutions, strengthen international collaborative innovation, and effectively improve the international competitiveness and discourse power of China's higher education.
Simultaneous implementation with the national five-year construction plan.
Q: How to arrange the construction cycle of world-class universities and first-class disciplines?
A: Facing the needs of economic and social development and based on the current situation of higher education development, the state plans the construction of world-class universities and disciplines, and encourages and supports the differentiated development of different types of high-level universities and disciplines. The General Plan defines a construction cycle every five years, starting from 20 16, and is implemented synchronously with the national five-year construction plan.
The allocation of funds reflects the excellent, strong and special support in fair competition.
Q: How to guide and support the construction of world-class universities and disciplines?
A: To promote the construction of world-class universities and first-class disciplines, we must persevere for a long time. The government mainly conducts policy guidance and input support from three aspects:
First, overall planning and hierarchical support. Conduct top-level design and macro layout. Central colleges and universities are mainly guided and supported by the central finance, while local colleges and universities are mainly arranged by local finance. Encourage local governments to support the construction of central colleges and universities, and the central government will also guide and support the construction of local colleges and universities through relevant funds to support the development of local colleges and universities.
The second is to strengthen performance and dynamic support. Innovative financial support methods, the allocation of funds reflects excellent, strong and special support in fair competition, and further enhances the financial autonomy of colleges and universities and their ability to make overall arrangements for funds. Establish and improve the performance evaluation mechanism and highlight the performance orientation. On the basis of relatively stable support, according to the construction situation, dynamically adjust the support to enhance the effectiveness of construction.
Third, more investment and joint support. Improve the * * * construction mechanism combining government, society and schools, and form a pattern of multi-input and common support. Encourage relevant departments and industry enterprises to actively participate in and strengthen cooperation with universities and support the construction of first-class universities and first-class disciplines in various ways. Colleges and universities should improve the long-term mechanism of social support and pool resources through multiple channels.
Long-term goal is "world-class"
The "Overall Plan for Promoting the Construction of World-class Universities and First-class Disciplines as a Whole" issued by the State Council on the 5th drew a top-level design for the construction of world-class universities with China characteristics. Adhering to the core of China's characteristics and world-class, gathering high-quality resources, cultivating first-class talents and producing first-class achievements, China universities are marching towards a new journey.
In recent years, great progress has been made in the construction of a number of key universities and disciplines in China, which has made important contributions to the sustained and healthy development of the economy and society. However, China University still lags behind the world-class disciplines in terms of "software" such as university scientific research innovation, system innovation and university spiritual and cultural innovation. There are some problems in key construction, such as identity solidification, lack of competition and overlap. It is urgent to strengthen the integration of resources, innovate the implementation methods, and stimulate the endogenous motivation and development vitality of colleges and universities.
China University should aim at the world-class goal, concentrate superior resources, rationally choose the construction path of first-class universities and first-class disciplines, and achieve breakthroughs in key links. It is necessary to improve the * * * construction mechanism combining government, society and schools, pool funds, policies and resources to form a joint force, improve the level of institutions, highlight the advantages of disciplines, and accelerate the construction of world-class universities and first-class disciplines.
To cultivate first-class talents, we must speed up the reform of talent training mode and educate people through science and education. Cultivate and introduce a group of first-class scientists, discipline leaders and innovative teams who are active in the international academic frontier and meet the major strategic needs of the country, and strive to cultivate outstanding talents with innovative spirit and practical ability.
To achieve first-class results, we must improve the level of scientific research and launch an impact on world-class universities and disciplines. Academic development should be guided by national key needs, strengthen the top-level design and strategic planning of discipline layout, focus on building a number of domestic leading and world-class advantageous disciplines and fields, strengthen the connection between science and technology and economy, innovative projects and real productivity, innovative achievements and industries, and enhance the driving force of innovative resources in colleges and universities for economic and social development.
With the rapid development of international higher education and science and technology, China's colleges and universities must strive to be among the participants and promoters of the world's higher education reform and development with the goal of being world-class. Strengthen international collaborative innovation, actively participate in cross-regional major scientific plans and projects, expand dialogue, and make a first-class voice belonging to China in international competition and cooperation.
Starting from 20 16, the master plan was implemented simultaneously with the new five-year national construction plan. To build world-class universities and disciplines, we must persist for a long time and realize a historic leap from a big country in higher education to a powerful country in higher education by the middle of this century.