2. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and anticoagulation: Danshensu can obviously inhibit platelet aggregation and increase the fluidity of platelet membrane, suggesting that it is effective for coronary heart disease. Shi Jutong and others reported that Danshensu can increase the negative charge of red blood cells and make them difficult to aggregate. Reduce whole blood viscosity, inhibit platelet aggregation and activate fibrinolytic enzyme system; Increase the mechanical strength of erythrocyte membrane and reduce the damage of erythrocyte. Large dose of Danshensu can increase vascular fragility, which may be related to Danshensu's anti-platelet aggregation and promotion of fiber degradation. Danshensu can improve fibrinolytic activity, improve blood rheology, improve the deformability of red blood cells, adjust blood viscosity, improve the microcirculation disturbance of various organs (especially the heart, liver, lung and pancreas where drugs first arrive), and contribute to the rehabilitation of body tissues and the correction of serious complications such as adult respiratory distress syndrome.
3. Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and immune enhancement: Danshensu can prevent the influx of calcium ions and significantly inhibit the production of prostaglandin E2 (DGE2) and thrombus pill B2 (TXB2) by peritoneal macrophages in rats. To observe the regulatory effect of Danshensu on cytokine production by monocytes in vitro. The results showed that Danshensu could activate monocytes to secrete tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), IL- 1, IL-6 and IL-8, but the secretion was less than that stimulated by endotoxin. According to Wang Wenjun, Danshensu can significantly inhibit the secretion of the above factors induced by endotoxin (P < 0.05), and it has anti-inflammatory and immune enhancement effects. The clinical application of Danshensu in patients with septic shock is expected to improve the survival rate.
4. Anti-atherosclerosis and hypolipidemic effects: Danshensu inhibits the synthesis of endogenous cholesterol in cells, and also has the effects of anti-lipid protein oxidation and reducing blood cholesterol, so it has the effects of protecting blood vessel barrier and preventing lipid deposition and atherosclerosis. Wang Nan and other studies show that Danshensu can inhibit the oxidation of low density lipoprotein in bovine aortic smooth muscle cells. Modern research has found that peroxynitrite is an important mediator of arteriosclerosis and other diseases. Liao Lifu and other experiments have proved that when Danshensu exists, it can effectively protect the body from peroxynitrite damage and prevent the formation of atherosclerosis. Danshensu can inhibit the oxidation of cell-modified low-density lipoprotein, and its antioxidant capacity is positively correlated with the amount of Danshensu, suggesting that Danshensu can be used for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
5. Antithrombotic effect: Yan et al. studied the effect of Danshensu on promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and found that Danshensu can obviously inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation activity in vitro, prolong the thrombosis time after electrical stimulation of the common carotid artery in rats, and significantly reduce the whole blood viscosity, blood viscosity, hematocrit, Carson yield stress, erythrocyte electrophoresis time and erythrocyte aggregation index in rats with low, medium and high shear blood stasis. Jiang et al. measured the expression of TNFα and thrombin-induced cell adhesion molecules on the cell surface by flow cytometry. The results showed that Danshensu inhibited the expression of CD 1 1b on granulocytes induced by fMLP in a dose-dependent manner, and significantly inhibited the expression of VCAM- 1 and E- selectin on the surface of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by TNFα. It shows that Danshensu can inhibit the activation of cytokines on endothelial cells, which is beneficial to protect vascular endothelial cells and reduce leukocyte adhesion, suggesting that this may be one of its antithrombotic mechanisms. Jin Xilu et al. observed the effects of eight Danshensu derivatives on ADP-induced platelet aggregation in rabbits in vitro. The results showed that eight derivatives could significantly inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation in rabbits and significantly improve the effective depolymerization rate for 30 minutes.
Danshensu prevents cerebral thrombosis. Danshensu has the effects of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis by affecting platelet release and prothrombin, inhibiting its aggregation and reducing coagulation function. Experiments such as Felipine have proved that Danshensu has calcium antagonism. By inhibiting the voltage-dependent channels on the erythrocyte membrane, the calcium influx of red blood cells is inhibited, thus reducing the intracellular calcium level and enhancing the deformability of red blood cells. It can also increase the negative charge of red blood cells, making it difficult to aggregate each other; Reduce whole blood viscosity and activate fibrinolytic enzyme system. Because of the high concentration of Danshensu in heart, kidney and brain, and the influence of these on blood, it is suggested that Danshensu has the effect of preventing cerebral thrombosis.
6. Prevention of excessive wound healing and its therapeutic effect on hypertrophic scar: Recently, the project funded by the Municipal Science and Technology Social Development Plan Fund, which was jointly completed by the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery of the Central Hospital and the Department of Plastic Surgery of Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, proved that Danshensu in Shengji Powder can inhibit fibroblasts in granulation tissue and prevent excessive wound healing. It can be seen from the study that Danshensu plays a role in promoting wound healing not by directly promoting the proliferation of fibroblasts, but by improving microcirculation, changing the local microenvironment of wounds, providing energy metabolites and promoting the removal of metabolites. Of course, because it can inhibit the proliferation of granulation tissue fibroblasts, it is necessary to control the dose at the initial stage of wound healing, and the dose can be increased after wound healing to inhibit the excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and prevent scar formation. Jiang Huiqing and other experiments confirmed that Danshensu could induce apoptosis of fibroblasts. Its mechanism may be: 1, which affects the expression of genes controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis; 2. Activate endonuclease to break DNA chain and induce apoptosis. In addition, Danshensu can regulate the binding activity of nuclear transcription factor NF- 1, thus reducing collagen synthesis and secretion of fibroblasts.
7. Coronary artery dilating effect: Danshensu can obviously dilate coronary artery, increase coronary blood flow, and resist the coronary artery contraction effect of morphine and propranolol.
8. Therapeutic effect on liver injury: Danshensu directly stimulates the proliferation of mouse hepatocytes in vitro in a dose-dependent manner in a certain range, indicating that Danshensu can also promote the repair and regeneration of hepatocytes. Danshensu can reduce the content of ET, up-regulate the expression of eNOS, down-regulate the expression of iNOS to regulate the content of NO, reduce the contraction of hepatic blood vessels, inhibit platelet aggregation, and improve the microcirculation disturbance of damaged liver, thus alleviating acute severe liver injury. Li Yuehua and other experiments have proved that Danshensu can obviously improve the mitochondrial function of hepatocytes and reduce the injury and necrosis of hepatocytes. Therefore, the protective mechanism of Danshensu on hepatocyte injury induced by D- galactosamine may be related to stabilizing biofilm and maintaining calcium homeostasis, which needs further study. Jing Li and other experimental studies show that potassium cyanide is toxic to liver cells, and Danshensu can increase the content of LDO in the culture medium of 2.5mmol/L potassium cyanide liver cells, suggesting that the damage of potassium cyanide to liver cells is closely related to the toxicity of free radicals, and Danshensu has the functions of stabilizing cell membrane and scavenging free radicals. Zhang Zhenyu et al. used carbon tetrachloride to destroy liver cells. The model experiment shows that the middle and high dose groups can reduce the contents of hydroxyproline and collagen, which is consistent with their activity of inhibiting cell proliferation. It is suggested that Danshensu can inhibit liver fibrosis. The mechanism may be that Danshensu can induce apoptosis of fibroblasts.
9. Anti-cerebral ischemia injury effect Danshensu can obviously reduce the area of cerebral infarction, improve neurological deficit and reduce brain water content. Danshen Honghua injection (7.2, 14.4 mg/kg) can obviously alleviate the pathological changes of brain index and brain water content caused by acute cerebral ischemia in rats, reduce the capillary permeability in the brain and maintain the normal morphological structure of nerve cells in brain tissue. Ultrashort wave therapy, salvia miltiorrhiza therapy and their combination therapy can reduce the water content of ischemic brain, increase the content of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and reduce the content of free radical product malondialdehyde in rats, and there is no significant difference among the three treatment groups. It shows that ultrashort wave therapy and Danshen therapy have neuroprotective effects on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, which may be related to reducing brain edema, increasing SOD and reducing MDA. Using ischemia-hypoxia vascular endothelial cell model, the content of hypoxanthine in culture medium was observed by chemiluminescence method. It was found that salvia miltiorrhiza group could reduce the increase of hypoxanthine, and the endothelial cells in salvia miltiorrhiza group were in good shape under phase contrast microscope. Danshensu can inhibit the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by hypoxia and glucose deficiency, thus stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting apoptosis, which may be related to its inhibition of intracellular calcium overload in nerve cells.
10, Danshensu can dilate arteries and inhibit platelets from releasing contractile substances in the treatment of cor pulmonale. Danshensu can inhibit human papillomavirus at the concentration of 1.25 ~ 5g/L, and the greater the dose, the stronger the inhibitory effect, and finally achieve complete inhibition. Comparing the effects of Danshensu, Compound Danshen Injection and Danshen Injection with the same dose on human papillomavirus, the results showed that Danshensu had the strongest effect. It is suggested that Danshensu may be helpful to the treatment of critical diseases such as cor pulmonale and adult respiratory distress syndrome.
1 1, the anti-tumor effect of danshensu may be one of the reasons for its anti-cancer effect. The experimental results showed that danshensu had obvious anti-cancer effect in serum-free medium (compared with negative control group and salvia miltiorrhiza group, P < 0.05), and when the concentration of danshensu reached 80mg/ml, its anti-cancer effect was equivalent to that of aclacinomycin A (P & gt0.05). The mechanism of Danshensu inhibiting gastric adenocarcinoma cell line is related to blocking the cholesterol synthesis pathway of tumor cells.
12, Danshensu prevents altitude sickness. Altitude sickness is a clinical syndrome caused by physiological compensation (decompensation) caused by altitude hypoxia, and the main reason is altitude hypoxia. Zhang Guangming and others have proved that Danshensu can effectively remove the abnormally increased oxygen free radicals caused by hypoxia, improve the oxygen-carrying capacity of tissues, inhibit hypoxic pulmonary artery contraction caused by altitude hypoxia, and ensure oxygen supply to important organs such as heart and brain. In a word, Danshensu can improve the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, prolong the body's tolerance to hypoxia, effectively reduce the damage of hypoxia to heart, brain, kidney and lung, and provide basis for the prevention and treatment of altitude sickness.
13. the therapeutic effect of danshensu on psoriasis adhesion molecules are closely related to the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and danshensu can affect the expression of adhesion molecules. The experimental results of Wu Jinghai and others showed that the expression of ICAM- 1 on the surface of PBMC in patients with psoriasis vulgaris was significantly increased, but it was significantly decreased after treatment with Danshensu, indicating that Danshensu could inhibit the expression of ICAM- 1. After danshensu is incubated with psoriasis PBMC, its adhesion to HUVEC is weakened, which also suggests that danshensu may achieve the effect of treating psoriasis by inhibiting the adhesion of PBMC to vascular endothelial cells. In addition, in normal people, Danshensu has no significant effect on the adhesion of PBMC to endothelial cells and the expression of adhesion molecules. This experiment suggests that Danshensu can treat psoriasis by reducing the expression of adhesion molecules.