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# Selected stories of scientists 1#
Yuan Cao
In the process of power transmission, about 7% of energy and heat are lost in the process of transmission. If these losses are reduced, it is estimated that the energy industry can save hundreds of billions of dollars.
19 1 1 year, the Dutch physicist Kamelin Agnes discovered a transmission material that can reduce the electron loss to zero and named it "superconductor". Because of this discovery, Agnes won the Nobel Prize.
Unfortunately, in order to realize this transmission condition, the environment must be cooled to absolute zero (that is, -273℃). This is impossible in the real world, so energy companies still suffer huge losses.
Since then, in 107, countless scientists have been advancing wave after wave, hoping to develop materials that can achieve "superconductor" performance at room temperature, but they all ended in failure until Cao Yuan, a scientist in China, appeared.
During his doctoral studies, Cao Yuan found that when the two layers of graphene stacked together slightly deviate from each other, according to his theory, the material will undergo drastic changes, and it is possible to achieve superconductor performance.
But his speculation aroused the suspicion of many physicists. They think this is just a beautiful fantasy of a 20-year-old child about the world. The real test results are by no means as simple as Cao Yuan imagined.
Fortunately, Cao Yuan didn't give up, but stayed in the laboratory day and night. Finally, in an experiment, a miracle happened. Two layers of graphene exposed to a special electric field become superconductors, and electrons flow freely between them.
Cao Yuan knew that this would be a world-changing research achievement. To this end, he was cautious, and through seven months of repeated experiments, he completed all the experiments and broke the superconductor spell in the world since 107.
After Cao Yuan published his paper, in just nine months, the preliminary commercial application of graphene has landed. Take the mobile phone as an example. Once the graphene battery is installed, the charging time of the mobile phone will be shortened to 16 minutes.
# Selected Stories of Scientists 2#
Wanruixue
20 18165438+1October 23rd, the 2018 Young Scientist Award awarded by Science magazine and Swedish National Life Science Laboratory was announced. Wan, a postdoctoral fellow in Tsinghua University, was elected as the winner in the category of Cell and Molecular Biology. This is the first time that a doctoral researcher in China has won this award.
This caused quite a stir in academic circles, and many media rushed to report:
It caused a sensation because this award is too authoritative and difficult to get.
Science and art. Scilifelab PrizeforYoungscientists is a global award jointly sponsored by Science/AAAS, Scilifelab and four famous universities. The award is selected once a year, and four outstanding young researchers in their respective fields are selected from applicants from all over the world.
However, she once admitted that she was not as talented as everyone thought. When she first entered the university, she still faced the problem of failing to keep up with the courses, but by the end of the semester, she became the first in her grade.
At the beginning of his Ph.D., fierce competition among classmates and fast-paced scientific research life brought great pressure to Wan. Fortunately, with the help of people around her, she gradually adjusted her mentality and constantly adapted to the whole team. So when I go back to my alma mater to give a speech, I will attract my schoolmates to express their feelings. It turns out that the Great God came out step by step.
# Selected stories of scientists 3#
Madame Curie is a great female scientist. She has won many Nobel Prizes and medals awarded by advanced academic institutions in many countries. She studies hard and is never satisfied. After numerous experiments, she discovered the radioactive element radium. Radium was a sensational discovery in her life.
In order to extract radium from 9000 kilograms of asphalt and uranium slag, Madame Curie had to boil the slag pot bite by bite and keep stirring. Bottles come in and out, little by little crystallization. Every day, she stood by the cauldron in her overalls covered with dust and acid, filled with smoke, with tears in her eyes and itchy throat ... In this way, she struggled for 45 months, exceeding 1, 250 days. What hard work it is and what perseverance it takes! She is not only a world-famous scholar, but also a veritable laborer, housewife and mother of children!
Madame Curie worked hard to cultivate an undeveloped garden, and finally achieved one of the important achievements in the history of modern science-the discovery of radioactive element radium. How I long to swim in the ocean of knowledge, explore the world of science and uncover the secrets of nature like Mrs. Cheng Ju.
Because she won two Nobel Prizes, she is unique among female scientists. The reason why she has achieved so much is inseparable from her efforts. She and her husband used 700 tons of water and 100 tons of chemical reagent and found 1 gram of radium. People call her "the mother of radium". Because Madame Curie was busy with the experiment and had no time to look after the child, she held the child and ate dry bread to do the experiment.
# Selected stories of scientists 4#
It is believed that geometry was summed up by Egyptians from practical experience, and its original meaning in Greek is "geodesy". At that time, the Nile across Egypt flooded every year, destroying the land border. After the water receded, people had to re-measure and distribute the land, and geometry germinated and grew in this measurement year after year. From the 7th century BC to the 6th century BC, Thales, one of the Greek sages, founded Greek geometry. Thales traveled many times when he was young. After living in Egypt for a period of time, he carefully studied Egyptian mathematics and founded geometry on the basis of geodesy. Ju said that if he didn't climb the pyramids there, he figured out that pyramid of khufu was 1, 3 1 m high, which shocked the local priests and won the appreciation of the Egyptian king. His calculation is based on the nature of similar triangles. When Thales returned to his hometown of Miletus, he set up a school to teach him mathematics and other scientific knowledge. After Thales, many mathematicians and philosophers in Greece revised, supplemented and developed geometry.
In 330 BC, Euclid was born in Athens. He was a student of Plato, then a professor of mathematics at the University of Alexandria, and established a school of mathematics headed by him. He transformed the earth and heaven into a huge pattern composed of intricate figures, and took the pattern apart with amazing wisdom and decomposed it into simple components: points, lines, angles, curves, planes and solids. Translate endless pictures into the language of elementary mathematics, which is Euclidean geometry. After his geometry was founded, many students gathered around him, including poor children, rich children and even kings.
The students all respect Euclid and idolize him because he "teaches them like a father". Of course, some followers came to learn geometry from him, and Euclid despised them very much. Once, after learning the first theorem, a noble son eagerly asked him, "What's the use of learning geometry?" Seeing that Euclid ignored him, thinking that the teacher had not heard him, he repeated it. Euclid turned to the servant and said, "Give this gentleman some money quickly. He won't learn without money! " "In the 3rd century BC, Euclid's outstanding work" The Elements of Geometry "came out. On the basis of summarizing the previous research results, he established a magnificent geometric building by axiomatic generation. After the book came out, it was widely circulated in the form of manuscript 1800 years. After the appearance of printing, it was translated into various languages all over the world. The knowledge of plane geometry and solid geometry that we learned in middle school mainly comes from this book two thousand years ago.
# Selected stories of scientists 5#
Edison began his hard life at the age of 12. He worked as a newspaper boy on the train, learned the technology of delivering newspapers, and has been to Boston and new york. It was not until he was 24 years old that he had his own factory and a happy family. Edison announced in 1878 that he would invent a safe electric lamp with soft light and low price. In order to find a suitable filament, Edison tried boron, ruthenium, chromium, carbon and various metal alloys, *** 1600 materials, which lasted 13 months, but all failed. Someone blew a cold wind and said that Edison "ate something that could not be chewed" this time.
A physicist who once worked for Edison called this experiment "looking for a needle in a haystack". However, Edison was not afraid of failure, insisted on the experiment and made up his mind to fish out a needle from the sea. Where there is a will, there is a way. 1879 65438+1October 10 At 5 pm on Sunday, Edison lit the light bulb with carbonized cotton thread. He personally observed and recorded it.
This time, the light bulb is bright and stable, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, ... The light bulb is always on. From 19 and 20 to 2 1, no one went to rest. Until 2 1 2 pm, Edison asked his assistant to raise the voltage a little, and the light bulb was brighter at the 45th hour. After a few minutes, the filament finally burned out. The New York Herald Tribune reported the success of the light bulb experiment in a full page. Edison got all the patents, and it is recognized that he invented the incandescent lamp. /kloc-On New Year's Eve in 0/879, Edison lit 60 light bulbs and hung them in Monroe Park. It was snowing heavily, and more than 3000 people came to visit it.
Edison was a pragmatic man. His motto is: "I seek what human beings need, and then I will take a step forward and try to invent it." Some people say that invention is the product of fate and Edison is a genius. Edison sighed and said, "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration!" "
When someone asked him how he persisted in inventing the light bulb after 654.38 million failures, he said that he had never failed in this process; On the contrary, he found 6.5438+0 million invalid methods. The 3,400 notes he wrote in his life recorded the inventive ideas and experiments in detail, which is a strong evidence of this passage. When Edison was 77 years old, someone asked him, "When will you retire?"
He blurted out, "The day before my funeral!" Once, someone asked Edison half jokingly, "Do you agree to give science ten annual holidays?" Edison replied seriously: "Science will never take a day off. It has been working every minute for hundreds of millions of years, and it will continue to work like this. " Indeed, Edison fulfilled his promise. He is over 80 years old. In order to "make more inventions", he is still working diligently to extract latex from weeds in his country.
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