What spring looks like.
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Author: Du Fu
Original text:
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Chang' an fell and the country was broken, leaving only mountains and rivers; Spring has come, and Chang 'an, which is sparsely populated, has dense vegetation.
Country: The capital refers to Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). Break: fall. Mountains and rivers still exist: the old mountains and rivers still exist. City: Chang 'an City. Deep planting: refers to a vast territory with few people.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
Sentimental state affairs, tears can't help splashing, birds are heart-pounding, which only increases sadness but not hatred.
Sense of time: sentimentality about the present situation of the country. Splash: Tears. Hate parting: regret parting.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
The continuous war has lasted for more than half a year, and there are few letters from home. A letter is worth twelve thousand gold.
Beacon: Fireworks used in ancient frontier warning refers to the war of An Shi Rebellion. March: the first month, February and March. Arrival: value, quite.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
Worried, scratching my head, my white hair is getting shorter and shorter, and I can't insert it.
Whitehead: here refers to white hair. Scratch: scratch gently with your fingers. Xiongnu: Very simple. Desire: think, want, want. Victory: I can't stand it, I can't. Hairpin: a kind of jewelry for tying hair. Ancient men had long hair, which was tied on the top of their heads when they were adults and inserted horizontally with hairpins to avoid scattering.
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Chang' an fell and the country was broken, leaving only mountains and rivers; Spring has come, and Chang 'an, which is sparsely populated, has dense vegetation.
Country: The capital refers to Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). Break: fall. Mountains and rivers still exist: the old mountains and rivers still exist. City: Chang 'an City. Deep planting: refers to a vast territory with few people.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
Sentimental state affairs, tears can't help splashing, birds are heart-pounding, which only increases sadness but not hatred.
Sense of time: sentimentality about the present situation of the country. Splash: Tears. Hate parting: regret parting.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
The continuous war has lasted for more than half a year, and there are few letters from home. A letter is worth twelve thousand gold.
Beacon: Fireworks used in ancient frontier warning refers to the war of An Shi Rebellion. March: the first month, February and March. Arrival: value, quite.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
Worried, scratching my head, my white hair is getting shorter and shorter, and I can't insert it.
Whitehead: here refers to white hair. Scratch: scratch gently with your fingers. Xiongnu: Very simple. Desire: think, want, want. Victory: I can't stand it, I can't. Hairpin: a kind of jewelry for tying hair. Ancient men had long hair, which was tied on the top of their heads when they were adults and inserted horizontally with hairpins to avoid scattering.
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Chang' an fell and the country was broken, leaving only mountains and rivers; Spring has come, and Chang 'an, which is sparsely populated, has dense vegetation.
Country: The capital refers to Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). Break: fall. Mountains and rivers still exist: the old mountains and rivers still exist. City: Chang 'an City. Deep planting: refers to a vast territory with few people.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
Sentimental state affairs, tears can't help splashing, birds are heart-pounding, which only increases sadness but not hatred.
Sense of time: sentimentality about the present situation of the country. Splash: Tears. Hate parting: regret parting.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
The continuous war has lasted for more than half a year, and there are few letters from home. A letter is worth twelve thousand gold.
Beacon: Fireworks used in ancient frontier warning refers to the war of An Shi Rebellion. March: the first month, February and March. Arrival: value, quite.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
Worried, scratching my head, my white hair is getting shorter and shorter, and I can't insert it.
Whitehead: here refers to white hair. Scratch: scratch gently with your fingers. Xiongnu: Very simple. Desire: think, want, want. Victory: I can't stand it, I can't. Hairpin: a kind of jewelry for tying hair. Ancient men had long hair, which was tied on the top of their heads when they were adults and inserted horizontally with hairpins to avoid scattering.
Translation reference:
1, Fan Guoping. Junior high school students must recite ancient poems. Beijing: New World Press, 2010:14-116.
2. Li Cunren. New junior high school ancient poetry is easy to read. Guangzhou: Jinan University Press, 20 1 1 year:10/page.
3. Li Chenglin. Chinese sentence dictionary. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 20 1 1: 49-50 pages.
Translation and annotation
Chang' an fell and the country was broken, leaving only mountains and rivers; Spring has come, and Chang 'an, which is sparsely populated, has dense vegetation. Sentimental state affairs, tears can't help splashing, birds are heart-pounding, which only increases sadness but not hatred. The continuous war has lasted for more than half a year, and there are few letters from home. A letter is worth twelve thousand gold. Worried, scratching my head, my white hair is getting shorter and shorter, and I can't insert it. Note Country: The capital refers to Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). Break: fall. The mountains and rivers are here: the old mountains and rivers are still there ... showing all.
Different meanings of ancient and modern times
Although the ancient meaning is broken, the mountains and rivers last forever: the capital of modern meaning: the citizens of ancient meaning no longer hold the hairpin: modern meaning: turbidity; Confused about the ancient meaning that a letter from home is worth a ton of gold: believe today's meaning: bind books ... show everything.
Creation background
In November of the 14th year of Tianbao (755), An Lushan rebelled against the Tang Dynasty. In June of the following year, the rebels captured Tongguan, and Tang Xuanzong fled to Sichuan in a hurry. In July, Prince Hengli was located in Lingwu (present-day Ningxia), known as Su Zong in the world, and was renamed as De. When Du Fu heard the news, he settled down in a boat and went to the Suzong court alone. Unfortunately, he was captured by the rebels on the way and sent to Chang 'an, but he was not imprisoned because of his humble position. In the spring of the second year of Zhide, Du Fu, who was in the occupied area, witnessed Chang 'an City ... showing it all.
Distinguish and appreciate
"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." The beginning of the poem describes what I saw in spring: the mountains and rivers remain the same, but the capital has fallen, the city is ruined in the war, the grass grows and the trees are barren. The poet remembers how prosperous the spring in Chang 'an was, with birds singing and flowers fragrant, sheep flying, bright smoke and tourists lingering, but that scene has disappeared today. A word "broken" makes people stunned, and another word "deep" makes people sad.
Appreciation of Du Fu's "Spring Hope" in the Ancient Poetry of Senior High School Entrance Examination
spring scenery
Du Fu
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
(1) five-character poem. A month before the poet fled Chang 'an after the An Shi Rebellion broke out, he looked at things with grief. The poet condensed what he saw and felt in 40 words, which is the famous poem Hope in Spring.
This poem was written by Du Fu, which concentrated on expressing the poet's concern for the country, the people and himself. The first four sentences are written to witness the defeat of Spring City, full of sighs; The last four sentences are written in my heart, thinking that my loved ones are sad and filled with emotion.
⑵ Reading appreciation
The first pair of couplets: This is what I wrote and saw: after the fall of the capital, it became dilapidated, but the mountains and rivers remained the same; Spring has come to Chang 'an, but there are weeds in front of us. How can such a strong contrast not make people stunned! Although this couplet is a scene, it also conveys the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people. A word "deep" says that mountains and rivers are broken and people are scattered.
Zhuan Xu: Writing about spring through flowers and birds. There have always been two explanations for this couplet: one is that the poet is the subject of "love", and "hate" flowers and birds is the most representative thing in spring scenery, which can make people feel sweet. However, in the face of the broken capital, the poet doesn't know when the government troops will put down the rebellion and how his wife and children will live in the war ... All kinds of ideas are bothering him. How can he cry without flowers and be shocked by the smell of birds? Another kind of "love" and "hate" with flowers and birds as the main body is naturally the result of the poet's empathy for things. There is no difference between these two explanations in essence, and both of them express feelings that are unnatural.
This Federation is inherited by the word "feeling of time" and opened by the word "hate farewell", with clear rules and regulations.
Necklace: "After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." It means that since the beginning of spring, the war has intensified and it is difficult to communicate with family members. He described the preciousness of letters from home as "up to 10,000 yuan" and expressed his strong thoughts for his wife and children.
Tail couplet: Always write about the feelings of worrying about the country and homesickness, and portray a typical artistic image. The poet just turned 45 this year, but White Stone is realistic. "Whitehead" is sparse to the point of "invincible", and its old state can be imagined. He is getting old so fast, which is entirely caused by worrying about the country and the people, hurting time and homesickness. This detailed description shows the poet's inner world implicitly and profoundly.
⑶ "Guo" points out that this city is Chang 'an, the capital city, explains the historical background with "Broken" and marks the festival with "Spring". The poet put rich meaning in a word "deep". The depth of vegetation shows that it is inaccessible and has been abandoned for a long time. Here, the poet clearly means to write about scenery, but in fact, he is writing about feelings, sending them to things and entrusting them to scenery.
(3) The first four sentences of the poem are all unified on "hope". The poet's vision is from far to near, from big to small, from mountains and rivers to vegetation, to flowers and birds, and the visual image is from whole to part, from chaos to clarity. By expressing their feelings through the scenery, they can see their feelings from the scenery instead of writing their own feelings directly. Their feelings are exposed step by step, from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong.
(4) The last four sentences of the poem are triggered by the first half and further developed. From the previous scene, write your own feelings and describe your own style. The poet looked at the spring scenery, his family, and the government troops, and finally ended with the image of a watchman, summarizing the previous time and feelings of hate, giving people a real feeling. This is the expression method that Du Fu is good at.
5. From the structure of the whole poem, the first couplet always writes what you see in the hope, and the parallel is written separately, and the spring is written through flowers and birds. Necklace couplets express the poet's thoughts about his family through a letter from home, and the couplets always write his feelings of worrying about his country and homesickness.
[6] In this poem, the anthropomorphic sentence is that petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness; The sentence that expresses the author's thoughts and feelings in detail is "I stroke my hair white". It's so thin that it can't hold hairpins anymore.