It is the most powerful country in the world. However, the truth that "prosperity will decline" has remained unchanged throughout the ages. Without the support of moral power, if there is strong military power, the stronger the military power, the faster it will perish. I hope that the United States, which likes to be a "world policeman", can learn from its own history and stop launching unjust wars that cost countless lives like the Korean War or the Vietnam War.

Classic, culture

The country with the strongest economy in the world has a highly developed market economy. Labor productivity, gross domestic product and foreign trade all rank first in the world. Complete industrial categories, huge production capacity, equipment and production scale. The main industrial sectors are: electric power industry (including oil, natural gas, coal mining and electric power), iron and steel industry, nonferrous metallurgy industry, machinery manufacturing industry, textile industry, arms industry and construction industry. Among them, steel industry, automobile industry and construction industry have always been called the "three pillars" of the American economy. The most concentrated manufacturing areas are the mid-Atlantic coast and the Great Lakes coast, and Pittsburgh, known as the "steel capital" and Detroit, the "automobile city", are all in this area. Shipbuilding, aircraft, missiles, atoms, electronics, automobile assembly and other industries along the Pacific coast are huge. South Texas and other places are rich in oil and are important petroleum and chemical centers.

Agriculture is highly developed, realizing regionalization, specialization, mechanization, modernization and commercialization. The output of major agricultural and livestock products such as wheat, corn, soybeans, cotton, meat and dairy products are among the highest in the world. Other crops include tobacco, Malingshan, oats, rice, citrus and sugar beet. The total grain output accounts for about 1/5 of the world. Tourism and service industries are highly developed.

It has always been the country with the largest foreign trade volume in the world. The main trade targets are Canadians, Uber, Mexico, Britain, Germany, China and Taiwan Province Province of China. Mainly exporting chemicals, machinery, vehicles, airplanes, electronic equipment, weapons, soybeans, wheat, grains, cotton and other agricultural products; It mainly imports food, clothing, automobiles, electronic equipment, machinery, steel, textiles and natural rubber, platinum, tin, chromium, manganese, nickel, zinc, lead, tungsten and petroleum.

The transportation is complete and convenient, with a huge railway network, highway network, aviation network, inland river shipping network and pipeline transportation network. In addition to the merchant fleet, railways, highways, aviation, pipelines and other transportation industries rank first in the world. Freight transportation is mainly by railway, with a total length of 310.8 million kilometers, of which electrified railway is about 309O kilometers. Mississippi River is the main trunk line of inland navigation, which is connected into an inland navigation network extending in all directions. The navigable distance of inland rivers in China is about 465,438+0,000 kilometers. The waterway freight volume is the highest among the Great Lakes.

The maritime traffic is developed, and there are more than 600 merchant ships with a tonnage of10 million tons. The main seaports are new york, Norfolk, Baltimore, Houston, port arthur, San Francisco, Los Angeles and Seattle. Pipeline transportation is advanced and developed, mainly transporting oil, natural gas and coal. Passenger transport is mainly by road, with 6.3 million kilometers of roads, and the densest roads are in the south of the Great Lakes region and the Atlantic coast. The major cities in China are connected by air routes.

Higher education. Most states have ten-year compulsory education. There are many world-class institutions of higher learning, the most famous of which are Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Columbia University, University of California at Berkeley, Stanford University, University of Chicago, University of Washington, Yale University and California Institute of Technology. The newspaper industry has a huge system. The most influential newspapers are The New York Times, LA Times and Washington post Associated Press, as well as the largest news agencies. The radio and television industry is highly developed, and the National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) is the most famous.

Military: The President concurrently serves as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and holds the supreme command. The right to use offensive strategic weapons and nuclear weapons is under the centralized control of the President. The national military command system consists of the National Security Council, the Ministry of National Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The National Security Council is the highest decision-making body, composed of the President, the Vice President, the Secretary of State and the Minister of National Defense, and attended by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. The Ministry of National Defense is the office where the President directs the whole army. The Joint Chiefs of Staff is not only the military advisory body of the President, the Minister of Defense and the National Security Council, but also the military command organ where the President and the Minister of Defense issue orders to the Joint Command. The Joint Chiefs of Staff of the three armed forces and the General Staff are responsible for drafting operational plans and implementing operational command.

Britain:

Economy: Britain is one of the world's economic powers, and its GDP ranks among the best in western countries. The proportion of British manufacturing industry in the national economy has declined; The proportion of service industry and energy is increasing, among which commerce, finance and insurance are developing rapidly. In 2002, the British economy ranked fourth in the world and was the second largest overseas investor in the world. Private enterprises are the mainstay of the British economy, accounting for more than 60% of GDP. Service industry is one of the standards to measure the developed degree of modern countries. Britain's service industry accounts for 77.5% of its total employed population, and its output value accounts for more than 63% of GDP. Britain is the country with the richest energy resources in the European Union, and is also the main producer of oil and natural gas in the world. The main energy sources are coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy and water power. Iron ore reserves are 2.7 billion tons, coal recoverable reserves are 4.6 billion tons, oil reserves are 7 billion tons, and natural gas reserves are 654.38+0.226-3.8 trillion cubic meters. Britain is the first country in the world to meet its 26 million users of electricity and natural gas.

A new financial center in the east London docklands.

In 200 1 year, the total power generation reached 332 million kwh, of which 90 million kwh was supplied by nuclear power plants. The British coal industry has been completely privatized. The forest area is 2.79 million hectares, accounting for about110.5% in Britain, including about 8.7% in England, 0/6.9% in Scotland, 0/4.1%in Wales and 6.1in Northern Ireland. The main industries are: mining, metallurgy, machinery, electronic instruments, automobiles, food, beverages, tobacco, textiles, paper making, printing, publishing and construction. In addition, Britain's aviation, electronics and chemical industries are relatively advanced, and emerging technologies such as submarine oil exploitation, information engineering, satellite communication and microelectronics have also made great progress in recent years. Britain attaches importance to the research and development of new and renewable energy. Britain and Africa are not rich in energy resources, and the main industrial raw materials depend on imports. Britain has developed nuclear energy for decades, and there are currently 14 nuclear power plants for power generation. 200 1 manufacturing accounts for about 17.5% of GDP, with more than 3.7 million employees, accounting for 14.5% of the total employed population. The main agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery are animal husbandry, food industry, horticulture and fishery. Service industry, including financial insurance, retail, tourism and business services (providing legal and consulting services, etc.). ) has developed rapidly in recent years. Tourism is one of the most important economic sectors in Britain. The annual output value is more than 70 billion pounds, and tourism income accounts for about 5% of the world's tourism income. Different from countries that pay attention to scenic tourism, British royal culture and museum culture are the biggest attractions of tourism. The main tourist attractions are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Brighton, Greenwich, Stratford, Oxford and Cambridge. Britain is the fourth largest trading country in the world, accounting for more than 5% of the total world trade, and exports of goods and services account for about 25% of GDP. Britain mainly exports machinery, automobiles, aviation equipment, electrical and electronic products, chemical products and petroleum, and mainly imports raw materials and food. Britain is also the sixth largest overseas investor and the sixth largest foreign aid country in the world. London is the largest international foreign exchange market and international insurance center in the world, and it is also one of the largest financial and trade centers in the world.

Military: The time for building the army is about1mid-7th century. The queen is the nominal supreme commander of the British army. The highest military decision-making body is the "National Defense and Overseas Policy Committee", which is chaired by the Prime Minister and includes the ministers of national defense, foreign affairs, interior affairs and finance. When necessary, the chiefs of staff of the national defense and the three armed forces attended the meeting as nonvoting delegates. The Ministry of National Defense is the executive organ of national defense, the administrative department of the government and the highest military command organ. Britain is a founding member and a major member of the NATO group, with independent nuclear power. The core of national strategy is to actively participate in world affairs and safeguard Britain's international status; Relying on and using NATO's collective defense forces to defend the security of Europe and Britain and expand Britain's influence in Europe; Actively strengthen ties with Commonwealth countries and protect their extensive overseas interests. 1After the Labour government came to power in May 1997, the national defense policy was adjusted; Continue to rely on NATO's collective defense force as the basis of British security; Actively promote the establishment of a European rapid reaction force; Maintain a strong conventional force; Maintain a nuclear deterrent; Emphasis is placed on building the army by quality, building a joint rapid reaction force, focusing on improving the rapid response capability of the British army to various crises and emergencies, and striving to safeguard the strategic interests of the traditional British sphere of influence in Europe and overseas. The voluntary military service system is implemented, and the service period ranges from 3 years, 6 years, 9 years, 12 years, 15 years, and the longest is generally 22 years. Britain implements an armed forces system that combines regular troops and reserves. In July, 2004, the British government announced the largest military adjustment plan in recent ten years, adjusting the armed forces structure and military equipment of the armed forces of the army, navy and air force, so as to increase the flexibility and maneuverability of the troops in long-range operations, so as to better meet the needs of modern wars and effectively deal with the global threats of 2 1 century. According to the figures provided by the British Ministry of Defence, the total strength of the British army is about 205,600, including army 10.95 million, navy 42,400 and air force 53,700. The defense budget in fiscal year 2004-2005 was about 29.7 billion pounds, and it is expected to increase to 33.4 billion pounds in fiscal year 2007-2008.

Japan:

Economy: Japan is an economic power. Mineral resources are poor, and most of them depend on imports except coal and zinc. The extent to which the main resources depend on imports is: coal 95.2%, oil 99.7%, natural gas 96.4%, iron ore 100%, copper 99.8%, bauxite 100%, lead ore 94.9%, nickel ore 100%, and phosphate rock. The forest area is 25.26 million hectares, accounting for 66.6% of the total land area, but 55. 1% of the wood is imported, which is the country that imports the most wood in the world. There are abundant hydropower resources, and the hydropower generation accounts for about 12% of the total power generation. Offshore fishery resources are abundant. Industry is highly developed and is the main pillar of the national economy. Gross industrial output accounts for about 40% of GDP, mainly concentrated in the Pacific coast. Keibon, Hanshin, Zhongjing and Kitakyushu are four traditional industrial zones, and then there are new industrial zones such as North Kanto, Chiba, Seto Inland Sea and Suruga Bay. Japan has established the development policy of establishing a country through trade since the 1950s. After China's entry into WTO, Japan began to gain the same equal status as other contracting parties. According to the basic principle of most-favored-nation treatment in GATT, free trade with most countries and regions has created favorable international market conditions for the continuous expansion of Japan's foreign trade scale. Since then, Japan's foreign trade has grown rapidly, mainly to the United States, Asian countries and European Union countries. The fiscal year in Japan is from April of that year 1 to March of the following year1. In 2002, the GDP was about 4. 2 trillion US dollars, and the per capita GDP is about 32,900 US dollars. JapaneseYen

Military: After World War II, the US military occupied Japan alone, and all the old Japanese troops were dissolved. After the Korean War broke out, the United States supported Japan to develop its military strength. The basic principles of Japan's defense are: under the peaceful constitution, it is dedicated to defense, adheres to the security system of Japan and the United States, ensures civilian rule, abides by the three non-nuclear principles, and moderately strengthens defense forces. 1976 formulated the outline of defense plan, and put forward the overall defense plan and the policy of expanding the army: maintaining a balanced defense posture and adhering to the policy of building the army with emphasis on quality, so that it can independently deal with limited small-scale wars. To 1990, basically reaching the indicators stipulated in the outline. 199065438+February, the Japanese cabinet meeting approved the new Medium-Term Defence Force Maintenance Plan (199 1- 1995), which stipulated that the total military expenditure for five years would be 22.75 trillion yen, with the plan focusing on quality, improving the level of weapons and equipment, and strengthening. 1995165438+1October, the Japanese government approved a new "defense plan outline" with a total amount of about 25. 1 trillion yen for a period of five years. From June 5438 to February 2000, the Japanese government formulated a new defense force development plan (200 1-2005), with a total expenditure of 25. 16 trillion yen. 1954 promulgated the Law on the Establishment of the Defense Agency and the Law on the Self-Defense Forces, formally established the Self-Defense Forces composed of the army, navy and air force, and established the Defense Agency. The Prime Minister of the Cabinet has the highest command and supervision over the Self-Defense Forces. 1956 national defense conference was established. 1in July, 986, the "security conference" replaced the original "national defense conference", which was responsible for handling all kinds of emergencies and all major issues related to national security, and was presided over by the Prime Minister. The defense agency is attached to the prime minister's office, and the chief executive is a civilian. At the behest of the Prime Minister, the Chief of Staff of the Army, Navy and Air Force commanded the Army, Navy and Air Force Self-Defense Forces. The Joint Chiefs of Staff (Joint Chiefs of Staff) is a subsidiary organ of the Chief of the Defense Agency, which is responsible for drawing up and adjusting the operational, training and logistics supply plans of the three armed forces, and collecting and analyzing military information. Self-defense forces perform voluntary military service. The service period of the Ground Self-Defense Force is 2 to 3 years, and the service period of the Air and Sea Self-Defense Force is 3 years. I can extend the service period (2 years) at my own will. In 2003, the military budget was about 4.8 trillion yen, accounting for 6% of the total budget of 865.438+0.789 1 billion yen.

Russia:

Economy: Natural resources are very rich, with many kinds, large reserves and high self-sufficiency rate. The proven oil reserves are 6.5 billion tons, accounting for 12- 13% of the world's proven reserves. The forest area is 867 million hectares, accounting for 50% of the country's total area. China ranks first in the world with 7% of its land area. The timber accumulation is 80.7 billion cubic meters. The proven natural gas reserves are 48 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 1/3 of the world's proven reserves, ranking first in the world. Hydraulic resources are 4270 cubic kilometers per year, ranking second in the world. In 2000, the output of nuclear power was per hour 1, 3 1 100 million kilowatts. Nuclear power accounts for 10% of Russian electricity. Coal reserves are 200 billion tons, ranking second in the world. The world ranks second in aluminum reserves, first in iron reserves, seventh in uranium reserves and fourth to fifth in gold reserves. It has a solid industrial base and complete departments, mainly including machinery, steel, metallurgy, petroleum, natural gas, coal, forest industry, chemical industry, etc. The textile, food, wood and wood processing industries are also relatively developed. Pay equal attention to agriculture and animal husbandry. The main crops are wheat, barley, oats, corn, rice and beans. Cash crops are mainly flax, sunflower and sugar beet. Animal husbandry mainly includes cattle, sheep and pigs. Exports mainly include oil, natural gas, electricity, coal, machinery and equipment, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, etc. Imports mainly include machinery and equipment, food and chemical products.

Military: Russian armed forces are mainly composed of army, air force and navy, as well as strategic missile units, space forces and airborne troops. In addition to the regular army, the armed forces also include border defense, interior affairs, security, government communications, civil defense and railway forces. The armed forces are under the command of the parliament, the president and the government according to the constitutional authorization, and the president is the supreme commander of the armed forces; The task of the army is to resist foreign aggression and fulfill Russia's international obligations; The number of troops does not exceed1%of the total population of the country; There are two military service systems: conscripts and contract soldiers. The service period is 2 years for sailors, other soldiers 1.5 years, and those with higher education 1 year. The Russian navy includes the Pacific Fleet, the Northern Fleet, the Baltic Fleet, the Black Sea Fleet and the Caspian Sea Independent Zone Fleet.

Germany:

Economy: A highly developed industrial country with the highest economic strength in Europe. It is the third largest economic power in the world. Germany is a big commodity exporter, and half of its industrial products are sold abroad. Germany's export volume now ranks second in the world. Nearly13 of the employed population in Germany is engaged in the export industry. The main export products are automobiles, mechanical products, electricity, transportation equipment, chemicals and steel. Imported products mainly include machinery, electrical appliances, transportation equipment, automobiles, petroleum, clothing and so on. The main trade targets are western industrial countries. The government pursues the policies of rectifying the national finance, reducing the budget deficit, reforming the tax system, stimulating individual investment, further denationalizing, reducing state intervention and giving full play to the role of the market mechanism, so as to make the German economy grow continuously and steadily. At the same time, we should actively take measures to promote the development of information technology and the adjustment of economic structure. Natural resources are scarce, except for hard coal, lignite and salt, which are abundant, and they are largely dependent on imports in terms of raw material supply and energy, and two-thirds of primary energy needs to be imported. German industry is dominated by heavy industry, and automobiles, machinery manufacturing, chemicals and electricity account for more than 40% of the total industrial output value. Food, textile and clothing, steel processing, mining, precision instruments, optics and aerospace industries are also well developed. There are many small and medium-sized enterprises and the industrial structure is balanced. Agricultural mechanization is very high. Agricultural land accounts for about half of Germany. Products can meet 80% domestic demand. Tourism and transportation are developed (left: Commerzbank Building). Germany is a big beer producer, and its beer output ranks among the top in the world. It was also the first country to successfully develop maglev railway technology. At 24: 00 on February 28, 2002, the German mark officially stopped circulating and the euro became the legal tender of Germany. Germany was one of the first countries to use the euro.

Military: 1956 1 The Federal Defence Force was formally established. The highest military decision-making body is the Federal Security Council, presided over by the Federal Prime Minister. In peacetime, the army is led by the Minister of National Defense, and in wartime, the Federal Chancellor is the supreme commander of the army. The head of the Bundeswehr is the supreme commander of the army. The highest goal of national defense policy is to ensure Germany's peace, freedom and independence, and stipulates that the Bundeswehr is a purely defensive army, implements necessary security precautions, and does not master and seek weapons of mass destruction. The key points of army building are: organizing rapid reaction forces, making new armament plans, reducing the size of the army and reducing weapons and equipment. The compulsory military service system is implemented, and the service period is 10 months (shortened from 1 in 2002 to 9 months).