How much cultural knowledge did the ancient "scholars" and "gifted scholars" have?
The ancient academic qualifications were scholar, juren and Jinshi. Just like college students now, master's and doctor's degree. A scholar can teach a private school or be a teacher. A gifted scholar is a talented and famous leader among these people. There is a famous saying about their learning: a scholar knows what's going on in the world without going out. After reading the Book of Songs, you can speak, and after reading the Book of Changes, you can calculate divination. That is, knowing astronomy. There is a story: Emperor Qianlong went down to the south of the Yangtze River, sailed on the Grand Canal, stood at the bow, and a bamboo basket floated up from the upstream, which made people salvage it and asked Liu Yong around him, "What is this?" Liu Yong replied: bamboo baskets. Ask again: For what? Answer: Take something. Why are you holding something? Can't Sheng North and South work? Liu Yong replied: the east belongs to wood and the west belongs to gold, which can be put in one basket. The south belongs to fire and the north belongs to water, so it can't be put in the basket.