September 7th, 190 1, this is a day that all China people should remember. On this day, the Qing government signed the "Xin Chou Treaty" which humiliated the country. Annexes to this Treaty *** 12 and 19. The Qing government paid more than 982 million yuan in compensation to eight countries that invaded China and eleven countries including Belgium, Spain and the Netherlands. From 1902 to 1940, according to the method and exchange rate listed in the treaty, it is "boxer indemnity". Among them, Russia, Germany, Britain and France got the most.
1902 65438+ 10, some "people of insight" in the United States began to realize that armed repression could not eliminate the resistance of the people of China to imperialist aggression. For the long-term interests of the United States, The New York Times disclosed the "surplus" (more than the amount of losses suffered by the United States) returned by the United States to China. 1904 12, when China and the United States negotiated a refund in the United States, the United States advocated funding China students to study in the United States and develop education and welfare undertakings in China. 1907 12. President theodore roosevelt delivered a State of the Union address, which was discussed and passed by the two houses and took effect on May 25th of the following year. And informed the Qing government to declare that the money could not be used for other purposes when replacing the rulers. Starting from 1909, every time the United States receives the G-sum payable at that time, it will return part of it to the government of China as a special fund for education in China. At that time, two projects were decided: setting up Tsinghua and subsidizing China students studying in the United States.
1June, 909, Beijing established the Tourism Aesthetics Office, which is the embryonic form of Tsinghua University. 1In August, 909, the Ministry of Internal Affairs gave the royal garden of Tsinghua Campus to the Academic Affairs Office, which took the first batch of students from Shi Jia Hutong, recruited 47 students from 630 candidates, and went to the United States in June, 5438+00. 19 10 sent 70 students, and at the same time 143 students were admitted for short-term training and went to the United States at any time. 19 1 1 chose 63 people to go to the United States.
1June, 924, the United States returned all the balance of Geng Fund as a fund for China to set up educational and other cultural undertakings, and formed the board of directors of China Education Fund, with Jiang Menglin as the chairman and 14 as the director. They are: Yan Huiqing, Zhang Boling, Guo Bingwen, Fan Yuanlian, Huang Yanpei, Gu Weijun, Zhou Yishun, Ke Sze Sao, Ding Wenjiang (with China nationality or above), Dewey, Baker, Benod and Gu Lin (with American nationality or above). Specific management full refund. The Board of Directors of the Fund organized various activities. 1926- 1930 offers science teaching in Southeast University, Chengdu University, Northeastern University and Nanjing Wuchang University. There are scientific research chairs, scientific research grants, social research institutes, China-US Association, Institute of Static Biology and National Beiping Library.
The two refunds in the United States have a great influence in the world. In addition, after the First World War, China also set foot as a victorious country, and all countries expressed their willingness to be "friendly" with China and safeguard and expand their interests in China by peaceful means. So everyone started to refund in the footsteps of the United States. France, Italy, Belgium and the Netherlands also followed the example of the United States and returned some Geng money. 1920 At the beginning of the year, Li Shizeng, Cai Yuanpei and Wu Jingheng founded the Sino-French University in Beijing with a refund from the French Boxer. Sok Li is the chairman and Cai Yuanpei is the headmaster. In the winter of the same year, Cai Yuanpei and Li Shizeng went to France again to cooperate with heriott, Mayor of Lyon, France, and L'Epine, Dean of Medical College of Lyon University. And decided to establish a Sino-French university in Lyon.
1September, 922, the Soviet Union gave up the balance of Geng. 1May, 924, an agreement was reached through negotiation, and all the balance of Geng Fund was returned, and it was stated that this fund could only be used for domestic education. And set up a special committee to manage the balance. Britain began to refund money from 19 12, and insisted on using the money for education in China.
Japan also "returned" the "excess" part of the Geng payment. The United States, France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Britain and Russia returned "extra money" to China, about 320 million yuan from the customs, which was quite effective in setting up educational undertakings and should be affirmed. If countries don't insist on using this money for education and cultural undertakings, the Qing government, Beiyang government and even the National Government will certainly squander it all, or embezzle it to corrupt officials, and it will not be used for education in China.
19 17, China declared war on Germany, and the German-Austrian G currency stopped. 1920, Germany and Austria give up G coins. 1937, Japan launched a full-scale war of aggression against China, stopped paying the boxer money owed to Japan, and later abolished the boxer money owed to Japan. 1943 65438+ 10/01China signed a treaty with the United States and Britain to abolish the unequal treaty with China. Naturally, it also included the treaty of Xin and Chou, and Geng Duan was also abolished.
After 1949, all the above-mentioned destinations of boxer indemnity were described by us as the cultural and spiritual aggression of the United States and other powers against China.