James E. Rothman, an American scientist at Yale University, Randy W. Schekman, an American scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, and Thomas C. Sudhoff, a German scientist at Stanford University.
Incentive motivation
The operation and regulation mechanism of cell vesicle transport system was found. According to the discovery of three scientists, every cell is a factory that produces and delivers molecules. Molecules are transported to the needed parts of the body at the right time through vesicles around cells. Their basic findings are helpful to treat diseases caused by cell transport disorders, such as nervous system diseases, diabetes and immune tissue disorders.
The winner introduced James E. Rothman (1950165438+1October 3-), aged 66, head of the Department of Cell Biology at Yale University, in memory of Feargus Wallace, a biomedical professor. He has won many honors, including the Louisa Gross Horwitz Award of Columbia University, Lasker Award for Basic Medicine (2002) and King Faisal Award. Randy W. Schekman (1948 12.30-) is a 65-year-old cell biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, and was once the editor-in-chief of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1992 was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences. In 2002, he and James Rothman won the Lasker Prize for Basic Medicine for their research on cell membrane transport. German: Thomas C. Sudhoff (1955 65438+February 22nd-) is a 58-year-old German biochemist, who is famous for his research on synaptic transmission. Since 1986, Dr. Sudhof's research has clarified many major protein-mediated presynaptic functions. 20 13 Share Lasker Prize for Basic Medicine with Richard Scheler. Award-winning reaction
Xie's first reaction was very surprised. He said to the reporter who called later: "I really want to say something vigorous, but now I am only surprised." Putting down the phone, he was the first to report the good news to his father and said that he would celebrate this honor with his wife and colleagues. In an interview with AFP, Xie said that this award is an affirmation of the work input of the three of them over the past 40 years. Winning the prize will not change his life, he will continue to invest in scientific research.
Rotman said: "I am very honored to win the Nobel Prize. This is the most glorious award in the world. I am very excited at the moment, but the most exciting moment is when my 1993 cell vesicle test is successful. " In addition, he said, the research results are by no means achieved overnight, and most of them will take years or even decades. When asked if winning the prize would affect his work and research funding, Rothman replied: "I don't know, this is a new situation." . 20 13, 1318 October, the Nobel Prize in Physics was announced in Sweden. In 20 13, Francois Englert, a Belgian theoretical physicist aged 8/kloc-0, and peter higgs, an 84-year-old British theoretical physicist, won the Higgs boson theory prediction prize.
Incentive motivation
Awarded for the theoretical prediction of the Higgs boson. Higgs boson, also known as God particle, is a boson with zero spin predicted by the standard model of particle physics. It is the last undiscovered particle in the standard model. It can help explain why other particles have mass.
Introduction of winners
Engler: Born on1October 6th, 1932, 165438, he made great contributions to particle physics. 1964, engler and the late Robert Brin put forward the Higgs mechanism and the Higgs boson theory. In the same year, peter higgs also published an article in Physical Review Express, proposing the Higgs mechanism theory.
Higgs: Born on May 29th, 1929, honorary professor of Edinburgh University. He is famous for Higgs mechanism and Higgs particle, and his theory of Higgs mechanism was put forward in 1964.
Award-winning reaction
Engler said that he was very happy to receive this award. "At first I thought I didn't win the prize because I didn't see the published results."
When Higgs learned that he had won the prize, he said he was a little ecstatic. In addition to thanking the Royal Swedish Academy for its Science Award, he also thanked his family, friends and colleagues for their support. At the same time, he hopes that the recognition of basic science will help to raise the attention of the outside world to the value of theoretical research.
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Staffan Nolmark, Permanent Secretary of the Science Department of the Royal Swedish Academy, said: "This year's Nobel Prize in Physics is about some small things, but it will make a big difference."
Note: The Higgs boson named after peter higgs, also known as the "God particle", is the last undiscovered elementary particle and the most important particle to explain the mystery of matter quality. Suppose that the Higgs boson is the source of the mass of matter, and other particles swim in the "ocean" formed by the Higgs boson, generating inertia and eventually possessing mass. 654381October 9, the Royal Swedish Academy of Science announced that it would award the 20 13 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to three American scientists, Martin Kapullus, michael levitt and Ali Washler, in recognition of their contributions to the development of multi-scale complex chemical system models.
In 1970s, these three scientists designed this multi-scale model by combining classical and quantum physics, and moved the traditional chemical experiment to the network world. This chemical system model, which combines reality and theory perfectly, lays a foundation for a more comprehensive understanding and prediction of chemical reaction process.
Incentive motivation
The Nobel Prize Committee for Chemistry said in a statement issued on the same day that computers are as important as test tubes for chemists, and computer simulation of real life has become a key factor for the success of most new research achievements in the field of chemistry. Scientists can use computers to reveal complex chemical processes, such as the purification of waste gas by catalysts or the photosynthesis of green leaves. Through simulation, chemists can obtain faster and more accurate prediction results than traditional experiments.
Introduction of winners
Martin Capuleus: American and Austrian citizens. 1930 was born in Vienna, Austria. 1953 received his Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology and was an honorary professor at Harvard University.
Michael levitt: American and British citizens. 1947 was born in Pretoria, South Africa, and 197 1 received his Ph.D. from Cambridge University, England, and is currently a professor at Stanford University School of Medicine.
Arieh warshel: American and Israeli citizens. 1940 was born in Sde-Nahum, Kibbutz, Israel. 1969 received his Ph.D. degree from Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, and is now a professor at the University of Southern California.
Award-winning reaction
In the on-site telephone connection after learning of the award, Vashler said that he felt great, and he still used this combined model to understand the transfer of substances in cells. "I think it's like understanding an invention. Usually when people pay attention to the results, they will ignore the precise calculation steps in the process. After I determined the research purpose, it became clear that computers are a good tool to imitate biological changes in chemical experiments. I think winning the prize will definitely help my research. " On the evening of local time in Sweden 1 (7: 00 pm Beijing time), Nobel Prize in Literature announced that Canadian writer Alice Munro had won this award.
Introduction of winners
AliceMunro is a Canadian woman writer. 193 1 Born in Winham, Ontario, she began to write novels as a girl. She always lingers in the lives of ordinary women, looking for inspiration from herself and her mother, and accurately recording their journey from teenage girls to good wives and mothers, and once again going through middle age and old age. She is especially good at the twists and turns and hidden feelings close to women's sexual psychology, and the mental and physical burden caused by it. It is subtle, complicated and difficult to understand, seemingly fragile, but in fact it is tenacious. JaneSmiley, an American woman writer and Pulitzer Prize winner, once praised Monroe's works as "exquisite, accurate and almost perfect". Alice Munro always treats literature with a rigorous attitude and strives to write great novels. The energy she spent writing a 30-page short story, as Ms. smillie said, is equivalent to some writers writing a whole novel. Her position in the literary world is compared to Chekhov, the female descendant of Chekhov at the same time. In his literary career of more than 40 years, Monroe has been writing short stories persistently, honing his skills, and won numerous awards, including three Canadian Governor-General Awards and two Giles Awards, as well as Commonwealth Writers Award, O'Henry Award, Pen Club/Malamud Award and American National Book Reviewer Award. 20 13 nobel prize in economics was announced on 14 local time. Eugene Fama, an American economist, Lars Peter Hansen, a professor at the University of Chicago, and Robert J Schiller, an American economist, won the 20 13 Nobel Prize in Economics for their empirical analysis of asset prices.
Nobel did not set up an economics prize in 1895' s will, but the Swedish central bank added this prize in 1968 to commemorate Nobel, and it was not until 1969 that it was awarded. The selection criteria for the Economics Prize are the same as other prizes, and the winners are selected by the Scientific Committee of the Royal Swedish Academy.