First, the predecessor of the ancient university:
The inheritance of ancient culture and knowledge is mainly realized through mentoring and religious institutions. Ancient civilizations such as ancient Egypt, Babylonia, India and China all had certain knowledge inheritance systems, but these systems did not provide education in an organized and systematic way like modern universities.
Second, medieval European universities:
Paris University: Paris University was founded around 1 150, and it is one of the earliest universities in the world. It was originally organized by scholars spontaneously, offering courses in theology, law and art.
Oxford University: The history of Oxford University can be traced back to the end of 12, but it was formally established later, about 1 167. It is the oldest university in Britain and one of the most famous universities in the world.
Cambridge University: Cambridge University, founded in 1209, is the second oldest university in Britain and one of the most famous universities in the world. Its establishment was influenced by Oxford University.
These universities began to form in the Middle Ages and gradually developed into the embryonic form of modern universities. They provided education in various disciplines and trained many famous scholars and scientists, which laid the foundation for the establishment of modern university system.
Third, the rise of modern universities:
Renaissance: The Renaissance (14th century to17th century) was a period of prosperity of European culture and knowledge. During this period, universities began to gradually develop into a modern university model, and the courses of various disciplines were expanded, including humanities and natural sciences.
Enlightenment:18th century Enlightenment accelerated the reform and development of university education. The Enlightenment emphasized rationality, science and individual freedom, which profoundly influenced the contents and methods of university education.
/kloc-university reform in the 0/9th century:19th century, with the rise of the industrial revolution, the university education system was reformed. Research universities began to rise, emphasizing scientific research and academic freedom, which laid the foundation for the development of modern universities.
Since the 20th century: In the 20th century, with the rapid development of science and technology, the research fields of universities have been continuously expanded, and various disciplines and specialties have become increasingly rich. In addition, university education is becoming more and more global, and international exchanges and cooperation are becoming more and more frequent.
Fourthly, the modern development of universities:
With the development of society and the accumulation of knowledge, the role and responsibility of universities are also expanding. Modern universities are not only the inheritors and innovators of knowledge, but also undertake multiple missions such as cultivating talents, promoting scientific research, promoting cultural inheritance and serving the society. Universities are no longer confined to specific regions or countries, but play an important role on a global scale.