David Solis 1943 was born in Bear Stearns, England. He is a doctor at Cornell University and a professor of mathematical physics at Birmingham University. Duncan Haldan 195 1 Born in London, Ph.D., Cambridge University, Professor of Physics, Princeton University; Michael Kostelitz was born in Aberdeen on 1942. He is a doctoral student at Oxford University and a professor of physics at the University of Pittsburgh.
These three scientists study the same field, but there are some differences. Solis and Coase Dritz studied the phenomenon of extremely thin layers on the surface or inside of two-dimensional materials, while Haldane studied materials that are thin enough to be considered as one-dimensional.
The common states of matter are gas, liquid and solid. Under extreme conditions, such as extreme high temperature and low temperature, matter will present a special phase. The phase change of a substance refers to the process of changing a substance from one phase to another, for example, water changes from liquid to gas at high temperature.
Topology, on the other hand, is a branch of mathematics, which studies some properties of a group of figures or spaces that can remain unchanged after changing their shapes continuously. Topology is the key to the achievement of the three winners, which also explains why the conductivity of thin-layer materials changes by integer times.
According to the Nobel Committee, three scientists used advanced mathematical methods to study unusual stages or states of matter, such as superconductors, superfluids or magnetic films, and their research "opened an unknown world".
The Nobel Prize in Physics, established in June according to Nobel's will, 1900, is one of the Nobel Prize awards, aiming at rewarding those scientists who have made outstanding contributions to the field of human physics.
How much do you know about the Nobel Prize in Physics?
1.6 winners were absent.
Since 190 1, the Nobel Committee has awarded 1 10 physics prizes, among which the winners for six years have never been absent. They are: 19 16, 193 1, 65438. According to the articles of association for awarding the Nobel Prize, if the winning works are not selected in that year, the prize will be reserved for the next year, and if the winning works are not selected in the second year, the prize will be recovered from the Foundation.
2.204 winners
Since 190 1, 204 individuals have won the Nobel Prize in Physics, among which 47 winners are one, 32 are shared by two winners, and 3 1 is shared by three winners. However, since john bardeen won the prize in 1956 and 1972, the actual number of people who won the Nobel Prize in physics was 203. Madame Curie, 1903 won the prize, and 19 1 1 won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
3. The oldest and youngest winners
As of 20 15, the average age of Nobel Prize winners in physics is 55 years old. 19 15, 25-year-old British scientist william lawrence bragg, together with his father William Henry Bragg, won the prize for studying the crystal structure with X-rays, becoming the youngest winner.
William lawrence bragg was born on March 3rd1890, and died in July 197 1. He was only 25 when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
In 2002, raymond davis, an 88-year-old American scientist, won an award for his pioneering contribution in astrophysics, especially in detecting the neutrino species in the universe, becoming the oldest winner.
Raymond davis was born on 19 14, 10, and died on March 3, 2006. He was 88 years old when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Female winners
In the list of Nobel Prize winners in physics, only two women have won this honor, and one of them is the well-known Madame Curie. 1903, Marie Curie and her husband pierre curie won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering "natural radioactivity" with Antoine Henri Bekkerel. Maria Goeppert Mayer, another female scientist from the United States, won the prize for discovering the shell structure of the nucleus.
Madame Curie, whose real name was Marie Curie, was born in 1867,1/0.7 and died in1July 4, 934. She won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and was awarded 19 1.
The area where Chinese won the most awards
We will find that China people have won the most Nobel Prize in physics. For example, 1957, Li Zhengdao and Yang Zhenning won prizes for their research on the law of parity non-conservation. Also on the list are Ding Zhaozhong, Chu, Cui Qi and Gao Kun.
A family that won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
There is a particularly interesting phenomenon in the list of Nobel Prize in Physics. Many winners come from the same family, such as Madame Curie and her husband pierre curie. In addition, there are four pairs of fathers and sons on the list, such as 19 15, the winning Bading father and son, and so on.
Winners of Nobel Prize in Physics from 20 10 to 20 15
The Nobel Prize in Physics in 20 15 was awarded to Japanese scientist Takaaki Kajita and Canadian scientist Arthur MacDonald for their contributions to the discovery of neutrino oscillation.
In 20 14, the Nobel Prize in Physics in 20 14 was awarded to Japanese scientist Isamu Akasaki, Amano Hiroshi and Japanese-American scientist Shuji Nakamura in recognition of their inventions of blue light emitting diode (LED) and new energy-saving light source.
20 13 Belgian physicist Francois Englert and British physicist peter higgs described the standard model of particle physics, and the predicted elementary particle Higgs boson was discovered by experiments on the Large Hadron Collider operated by CERN.
In 20 12, the research achievements of French scientist Serge Haros and American scientist David Vilander provided breakthrough research achievements for quantum theory research, and thus won the Nobel Prize in physics.
20 1 1 year, American astrophysicist sal polmat, American/Australian physicist brian schmidt and American scientist adam riess won prizes for "discovering the accelerated expansion of the universe by observing distant supernovae".
In 20 10, Russian scientists Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov won the Nobel Prize in physics for their pioneering practice in two-dimensional graphene materials.
(Author: "Knowledge is Power" magazine reporter Leona (Europe))
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