1, three-character scripture, hundred family names, thousand-character script
Three-character classics, hundreds of surnames and thousands of characters are called "three thousand" and "three villages", which are the first choice of traditional educational books in China. Lv Kun in the Ming Dynasty said: "Beginners under the age of eight should read the three-character classics first to learn what they have learned, and hundreds of surnames should be used for daily use, and thousands of words should be used to clarify their meanings." . The word "3000" is concise, rich in meaning, catchy, easy to read and understand, and skillfully integrates early literacy education with China's history, culture and personality cultivation education.
2. Thousands of poems
Poems of a Thousand Families is a collection of enlightening character poems that spread in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Generally speaking, poems are arranged in the order of spring, summer, autumn and winter, and the selected poems are basically modern poems, including metrical poems and quatrains. Although only 226 poems were selected in the book, 120 authors were included, ranging from emperors, prime ministers, bureaucrats and celebrities to monks, shepherds, anonymous people, and even a few women's works. The selected works have a wide range of themes, including writing landscapes, chanting things and expressing feelings; Farewell friends, mourn the past and hurt the present; Poetry and painting chanting history, entertainment singing and so on basically reflect all aspects of social life.
3. "The revelation of melody, the rhyme of Li Weng"
Including Revelation of Melody and Lyons to Rhyme. From ancient times to the present, these two books are the best enlightenment books to train children to write poetry dialogues and master rhyme. The author of The Enlightenment of Melody is Che in Qing Dynasty. The book is divided into rhymes, including astronomy, geography, flowers and trees, birds and animals, figures and artifacts. From single word pairs to double word pairs, three word pairs, five word pairs, seven word pairs to eleven word pairs, the phonology is harmonious and catchy, from which we can get training in pronunciation, vocabulary and rhetoric. The author of Dai Li Weng Dunyun is Li Yu in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Dai Li Weng is the name of Li Yu, and the arrangement of the book is the same as that of Melody Enlightenment.
4. The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu extracted two articles from The Book of Rites, The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean, and compiled them into four books with The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. Zhu said: "To read University, we must first determine its scale; Read the Analects of Confucius for the second time to determine its roots; Read Mencius for the second time to see its development; The exquisiteness of the ancients, read the Doctrine of the Mean. "
The "Four Books" contain the core contents of pre-Qin Confucianism and record the thoughts and wisdom of Confucian sages, which have a far-reaching influence in the history of China's thoughts. Reading in the 2 1 century still has its profound educational significance and enlightening value, which can be called the essence of national culture with a long history.
5. Historical records
Historical Records, History of the Later Han Dynasty, History of the Later Han Dynasty and History of the Three Kingdoms are also called "the first four histories", and the author is Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty. It is the first biographical general history of China, and is listed as the first of the "Twenty-four History", which records the history of more than 3,000 years from the legendary Huangdi era to the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The Book of * * * has a total volume of 130, including 10, 8 books, 12 books, 30 families, 70 books, and * * * is about 526,500 words, which is praised by Lu Xun as "a masterpiece of historians, leaving Sao without rhyme".
6. Xunzi
Xunzi is Xunzi's work, with 32 existing articles, rich in content and profound, which is a summary of academic achievements in the pre-Qin period. Xunzi, Mingqing, was a native of Zhao at the end of the Warring States Period. At that time, people called him "Xun Qing". In the Western Han Dynasty, he avoided the taboo of Xuan Di and Liu Xun in the Han Dynasty. Because "Xun" and "Sun" are homonyms, they are also called "Sun Qing". Xunzi served as a wine offering ceremony in Gong Xue, Xia Ji for three times in Qi State, and was later ordered by Lanling, Chu State (located in Lanling County, Shandong Province).
7. Tao Te Ching
Tao Te Ching, also known as Lao Zi and Five Thousand Words, is said to be five thousand words left by Lao Zi at the invitation of Guan Ling Yin Xi during the Spring and Autumn Period. Tao Te Ching, Zhouyi and The Analects of Confucius are considered to be the three works with the most profound influence on China people.
Tao Te Ching is the first philosophical work with profound metaphysics and extensive meanings. It takes Taoism and nature as the core, and expounds the thought of natural inaction, which contains many simple dialectical views on the transformation of opposites. Laozi's philosophy and ancient Greek philosophy together constitute two peaks of human philosophy, and Laozi is honored as "the father of China's philosophy" because of his profound philosophical thoughts.