Psychological Adjustment of College Students' Employment —— Research on College Students' Employment Expectation and Psychological Adjustment
Abstract: With the increase of the number and level of college graduates, the employment pressure of college students is increasing year by year. Due to the deviation between expectation and reality, college graduates are under pressure from society and family, and are prone to psychological problems such as self-cognitive obstacles and psychological positioning dislocation. Schools should adopt various ways and measures to help graduates make psychological adjustment to adapt to the employment environment under the new situation.
Keywords: college students; Employment expectation; Psychological misunderstanding; Adjustment countermeasures
1 Introduction
Employment is not only an important choice in college students' life, but also an important issue affecting the whole society and people's livelihood. For students, employment is an important turning point in their growth and maturity, as well as an opportunity and a challenge. With the rapid development of social economy, the social situation is changing and diversifying rapidly. Nowadays, college students are under pressure from society and family in the process of employment. The inconsistency between students' employment expectations and the real environment makes some students easily go into psychological misunderstanding. Therefore, it is extremely important for colleges and universities to actively carry out psychological counseling for college students to help them make psychological adjustment and adapt to the employment environment under the new situation.
2 Employment status of college students
2. 1 Factors affecting college students' job hunting
With the increasing number of college graduates year by year, the current employment situation of college students is becoming more and more severe. The main factors affecting the employment of college students are: on the one hand, the overall social demand and the supply of graduates are unbalanced. For example, the demand for social posts in engineering is much higher than that in science and liberal arts, and the demand for technical posts is higher than that in management and research. On the other hand, it is the improvement of the level of graduates. The number of master's and doctor's graduates is increasing gradually, and the competitiveness of undergraduate graduates is not strong. The third aspect is that graduates' own expectations do not match the employment situation, or their own ability and quality can't keep up with the post requirements of enterprises. Faced with all kinds of employment pressures, graduates are prone to psychological problems such as psychological dislocation and self-cognitive imbalance in the process of choosing jobs.
2.2 College students' employment expectations
According to the survey of my grade, college students' expectations when choosing a job are: about 80% students want to work in provincial capitals and first-tier cities, and only 20% students want to work in second-tier and below cities; About 90% students are willing to work in this major, and only about 10% students are willing to work in other industries or unlimited industries; About 60% students are willing to work in large state-owned enterprises or well-known enterprises in the industry, and only 20% students say that there are not many requirements for the nature of the work unit; In terms of salary, almost all students expect a monthly salary of more than 2,000 yuan, and about 20% expect a monthly salary of more than 4,000 yuan.
2.3 Practical contradictions in job hunting
College students may encounter many practical contradictions in the process of choosing jobs. For example, unfair requirements in job hunting (such as gender requirements), too many similar majors, limited ability, no advantages in majors, too few employment opportunities, unclear about what they are suitable for, family conflicts (parents' requirements do not match expectations), unwillingness to work in western regions or hard areas, or unresolved hukou. Influenced by the traditional education system, college students tend to be idealistic in the employment environment, which leads to a big gap between ideal and reality.
3 psychological analysis of college graduates' employment
3. 1 Psychological status of college students in the process of employment
College students have the advantages of high quality and high education in the same age group. At present, college graduates are mainly post-90s. Judging from the social environment and family growth environment, college graduates generally have some problems, such as lack of practical experience, lack of hard-working spirit, high psychological expectations, etc., and are used to attributing their difficulties in job hunting to external factors rather than finding reasons from themselves. This job-hunting mentality has caused many students to be in a passive situation in the job-hunting process, always hoping that the demand unit can meet their various needs, thus increasing their employment difficulty. Due to the lack of life experience and social experience, students do not know enough about the social situation, industry development and employment prospects, and are prone to confusion or conformity in the process of choosing a job. In addition, influenced by family factors, some students rely too much on their parents' suggestions and lack autonomy in the process of choosing jobs.
3.2 psychological misunderstanding analysis
The common employment psychological problems of college students can be divided into two categories, namely, self-cognitive dissonance and psychological positioning dislocation.
Self-cognitive obstacles are mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, anxiety, because of the lack of necessary social experience, interpersonal skills and psychological immaturity, many students show confusion, confusion, anxiety and uneasiness about reality and the future; Second, the psychology of comparison, because of the differences between majors and students' own quality, there is a gap between the treatment of students' contracting units and the regions, which makes it easy for students to compare with each other, leading to psychological imbalance; Third, inferiority complex. Some students don't have enough self-awareness and low self-evaluation, so they can't face up to their own abilities and advantages and worry that they can't adapt to the job requirements. Fourth, ambivalence, when faced with multiple choices, students are prone to confusion and ambivalence; Fifth, frustration psychology, some students have poor psychological endurance and self-adjustment ability, and they are prone to strong frustration psychology after the first job search failure.
The dislocation of psychological orientation is mainly manifested in blind conformity and lack of initiative. Many students blindly follow the crowd and pursue hot spots in the process of job hunting, ignoring the conformity of their own conditions with professional characteristics and job requirements; There are also some students who lack the initiative to apply for a job, which is manifested in the fact that enterprises only apply when they come to the school for recruitment, rather than actively trying to find a job.
4 psychological adjustment countermeasures
To help college students adjust their employment psychology and avoid students from entering psychological misunderstanding, we should strengthen employment guidance, innovate educational models, expand educational space, help students improve their competitiveness, correctly understand themselves and recognize the employment reality.
4. 1 Strengthen career planning education
Colleges and universities should guide students to do a good job in personal career planning, establish correct values and career ideals, establish learning methods and growth processes suitable for their own development, and make employment run through students' entire college career. Career planning can not only help students understand themselves correctly, analyze their ability advantages and personality characteristics, but also help students determine their job-hunting goals as soon as possible, and avoid the psychology of being confused in choosing a job and blindly following the trend. At the same time, the course can be used to introduce students in detail about serving the west, grassroots employment, self-employment, postgraduate entrance examination, study abroad and other aspects, so that students can obtain more information and make correct judgments and decisions.
4.2 Strengthen employment mental health education and consultation.
Schools can provide corresponding mental health education and consultation for graduates, analyze and adjust the common psychological problems in college students' employment, strengthen the cultivation of students' awareness of employment risks, and enhance their ability to resist stress; Give positive hints and encouragement to students who are frustrated in job hunting to help them solve the bad emotions caused by employment.
4.3 Expand educational space and improve students' quality.
Paying attention to social practice and community activities, the school can expand the space for quality education for fresh graduates, improve students' comprehensive quality by carrying out quality development training, vocational skills competition and other activities, such as adopting simulated job hunting activities, practical training with enterprises and other ways to enhance students' social experience and interpersonal skills training, so as to improve students' competitiveness in practice.
4.4 Guide college students to establish a correct view of employment
For the problem of high employment expectations, we should guide students to adjust their expectations according to the real environment and broaden their employment direction. Especially for students with employment difficulties, we should guide them to lower their expectations appropriately, face the employment competition with a positive attitude, and form a correct understanding of seeking employment for survival before choosing a job for development. At the same time, we should actively make use of the employment policies and specific measures promulgated by the state and pay attention to the accumulation of personal human capital in the process of employment in order to seek better career development opportunities.
References:
[1] Sun Xin. Analysis of the Employment Situation of College Graduates and Countermeasures [J]. Modern Reading, 20 12, (12)
[2] Luo. Employment misunderstanding and psychological adjustment of college students under the new situation [J]. Off-campus education in China, 20 10, (7)
[3] Fan Lisan. Investigation on Employment Psychology of University Graduates [J]. Journal of Zibo Normal University, 2008, (4)
Click the next page for details >>& gt College Students' Psychological Adjustment in Employment?