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When was Oxford University founded?
Cambridge is a place name that combines transliteration and free translation, which means Bridge of Jianhe River. There is indeed a sword river here, which forms a big arc circle in the city and flows to the northeast. Bridges of various styles have been built on the river, so people named the city Cambridge.

In the12nd century, monks settled here, and Cambridge was born. It was not until Cambridge University was founded that the name of this town gradually became known. This small town with more than 65,438+residents is composed of various colleges of Cambridge University, so it has a strong historical atmosphere.

Although many medieval buildings are preserved here, Cambridge is still bright and modern in terms of its appearance. Just like other cities in Britain, Cambridge is prosperous in business, but it still has typical rural scenery in England. Theater, art gallery, museum and many other facilities that seem out of proportion to the size of the city make this university town exude a strong literary atmosphere.

In Cambridge, you can fully appreciate the wonderful tradition and history of this school for hundreds of years, communicate with young students, and visit the market when you have time to feel the pulse of this beautiful city.

Brief introduction of Cambridge University

Cambridge University was founded in 1209, and the college appeared in 1284. At present, Cambridge has 365,438+0 colleges, three women's colleges and two specialized graduate schools. Each college has a different historical background, and each college is like a micro-university, with its own school rules and disciplines. Cambridge University has 62 departments. There are more than 6 million books in the library. The degrees of Cambridge University are divided into: graduation diploma, elementary degree (bachelor's degree) and advanced degree (master's degree or doctor's degree).

This world-famous university is located in the north of London, with no walls and no school cards. Cambridge college is scattered all over the city and integrated with Cambridge. There is no complete campus in the usual sense, but the whole city of Cambridge is its campus. The whole campus is lush and charming. The north-south sword river is slightly curved, passing through the city and weeping willows in rows, which is quite idyllic. Sitting on a gondola and slowly enjoying the scenic spots in the university town has long been a tradition and feature of Cambridge. Jianhe River is shallow and crystal clear, and fish can be clearly seen in the water. At sunset and dusk, this is a good place for canoeing. The grass and paths along the river are also good places for lovers to walk, sit still and talk. Jianhe, the "most spiritual" river, is always so complacent and gentle, whether it is summer green or autumn yellow. No wonder Xu Zhimo, a gifted scholar at that time, chanted "I would like to be an aquatic plant in the gentle waves of Cambridge" in his poem Farewell to Cambridge, which is really a profound tradition of Cambridge.

The beauty of the sword bridge combines the tranquility of the countryside with the exquisiteness of classical architecture, highlighting its characteristics that span the times. The old and the new are combined here, full of contrast, and the scenery of the four seasons is changeable. Narrow and quiet alleys sometimes suddenly lead to wide courtyards. The urban area and the solemn university live next to each other. On both sides of the river, cattle, sheep and ancient churches set each other off. The elegant demeanor of dynasty architecture in the past can still be seen in small towns. The troubles of China's ancient people's birth and entry into the WTO have all melted into a quiet beauty around the city.

School profile

Cambridge University, founded in 1209, is one of the top ten universities in the world, with 73 Nobel Prize winners from this school. Cambridge University is located in the scenic town of Cambridge, where the famous He Kang River passes. Cambridge University has 35 colleges, three women's colleges and two specialized graduate schools. Each college has a different historical background and implements a unique college system. 35 colleges with different styles are financially self-financing. Cambridge University is responsible for student planning and teaching. Each college has different admission procedures. To some extent, each college is like a micro-university, with its own school rules and disciplines. Many places in Cambridge have preserved their features since the Middle Ages, and ancient buildings that have been carefully maintained for hundreds of years can be seen everywhere. The porches and walls of many school buildings are still decorated with simple and solemn statues and seals, and the tall stained glass windows are like a magnificent picture. Cambridge University has more than 65,438 teachers (professors, associate professors and lecturers) and more than 65,438 visiting scholars. Cambridge University has16,900 students, including 6,935 graduate students, 72% of whom are from other universities, 42% are foreign students and 36% are women. The president of the university is the Queen's husband, Prince Philip (who is also the president of Oxford University), and there is an executive vice president to preside over the daily work. Number of students: 1997/ 1998,15,821,466 1 graduate students, 2339 international students. Male to female ratio: 55:45.

course

Generally speaking, the educational system in Britain is shorter than that in the United States. Undergraduate students at Cambridge University usually spend three to four years. You can get a bachelor's degree after three years; Four years later, I will get a master's degree. Those who join the work after three years of undergraduate graduation can submit their papers in their posts one year later and apply for a master's degree directly. So strictly speaking, Cambridge University does not have a real master's degree, and the master's degree is just a transition. The associate doctor is a slightly distinctive degree from Cambridge and Oxford. Due to different majors, it usually lasts for two years, one year of teaching and one year of thesis. If the course (usually four courses) scores more than 65 points, you can directly transfer to a doctoral degree, and you can get a doctoral degree after two years of study. There are three differences between an associate doctor and a master's degree: first, one or two years for an associate doctor can be counted as the time to get a doctor's degree, while it takes at least three years to study directly from a master's degree; Secondly, if your final grade is above 65, the school can provide you with "open" time. Within the effective time (for example, two years), you can go to school at any time and continue your doctoral studies. Thirdly, Cambridge stipulates that if you get an associate doctor's degree and have worked for a certain number of years, you can also directly submit a thesis applying for a doctoral degree. According to the quality of your thesis and work performance, the school can award you a doctorate, but the master's degree does not have this "honor". But it is not easy to get a doctorate in this way.

Brief introduction of Cambridge University

Cambridge University, located in Cambridge, England, is one of the top universities in Britain and even the world. Cambridge University and Oxford University are both the best universities in Britain, and they are called "Oxford, Oxford and Cambridge". Many famous British scientists, writers and politicians come from this university. Newton, Darwin, Malthus, Watson and Russell are all alumni of Cambridge University. Cambridge University is also an institution of higher learning that has produced the most Nobel Prize winners. About 80 Nobel Prize winners teach or study here, and more than 70 are students of Cambridge University. Cambridge University is also a member of Russell University Group in Britain and Coimbra University Group in Europe.

Cambridge University was founded on 1209. According to legend, it was originally founded by a group of scholars who fled from Oxford University to escape the war. King Henry III granted Cambridge University the monopoly of teaching in 123 1.

The 3 1 college of the university is an independent teaching institution and enjoys great autonomy. For example, colleges can decide their own admission (although this policy was reviewed in 2003) and make their own arrangements for the welfare and teaching arrangements of students and faculty. They can appoint their own researchers or professors. Many colleges are relatively rich, but Cambridge University itself is short of funds.

Peter College, the first college of Cambridge University, was established in 1284, and other colleges were established in 14 and15th century. The complete list is shown below, but some of them have been merged or no longer exist.

1536, Henry VIII, who was engaged in religious reform, ordered the school to dismiss his professors who studied Catholic canon and stop teaching "scholasticism". Since then, the teaching and research focus of Cambridge University has shifted from religion and theology to Greek and Latin classics, the Bible and mathematics. Today's Cambridge basically covers all the sciences and humanities.

The earliest colleges for women are 1869' s Gordon College and 1872' s Newham College. The first batch of female students took the school examination at 1882, but it was not until 1947 that women were accepted as formal students in the school, and Oxford University had already done so 20 years ago. Of all the 365,438+0 colleges, there are currently three colleges that only accept women: Lucy cavendish College, newhall College and Newnham College, and four colleges that only accept graduate students: Carlisle Hall College, Darwin College, Walson College and St. Edmund College.

The Bachelor of Arts degree examination in Cambridge University is called "Tripos". Today's Cambridge has achieved good results in many disciplines, but until the early19th century, mathematics was the strongest point of Cambridge, and mathematics was a compulsory course for all students at that time. Mathematics graduation exam is the most difficult of all exams, but it has also produced several most famous names in the history of British science, including Sir Kelvin, George Stokes and james clerk maxwell. However, there are also many famous scholars from Cambridge (such as Hardy) who oppose this system and think that students study mathematics only for credits, not because they like mathematics itself.

Students from King's College, Cambridge University take part in various extracurricular activities, among which boating is the most popular sport. There are frequent competitions between colleges in Cambridge University, and Cambridge University holds rowing competitions with Oxford University every year. There are various other sports competitions between universities, including rugby, cricket and chess.

There are many legends circulating in Cambridge University, the most famous of which is the Math Bridge at Queen's College (see above). It is said that this bridge was built by Newton. The whole bridge didn't use screws. Later, a curious student dismantled it and studied it, but he couldn't put it back as it was, so he had to rebuild it with screws. This story is false, because the mathematical bridge was built 22 years after Newton's death. The real situation is that the bridge was originally connected with nails, which is not obvious. Now the new bridge is connected with screws. (But it seems that the bridge was really torn down by a curious student and then put back. )

Cambridge, where Cambridge University is located, is a small English town with 65,438+10,000 residents. This town is named "Kanghe", and a river runs through it. Most colleges, research institutes, libraries and laboratories are located in this town, in addition to more than 20 churches.

organization structure

In fact, Cambridge University is only a loosely organized consortium of colleges, which are highly autonomous, but all abide by the unified charter of Cambridge University, which is drafted by the legislative structure of the university and revised every year. Cambridge University is only responsible for examinations and degree awarding, while the specific criteria for enrollment are determined by each college and are self-enrolled.

The president of Cambridge University is elected by the academic council of the university, and is generally held by a prestigious person in the society. The post of president is symbolic, and the president rarely gets involved in university affairs. Generally, he is only responsible for awarding honorary degrees and attending various school celebrations, although he can also give advice to vice presidents and university administrators. The vice-chancellor who is really responsible for the daily affairs of the university is nominated by the university Council and appointed by the Regent's Court of Cambridge. The vice president has several assistant vice presidents, who are responsible for specialized fields and assist the vice presidents in their daily work.

Regent's Court is the highest legislative and power organ of the university, which is composed of faculty and staff of various colleges, with about 3,000 members. They can formulate or amend school rules and regulations, vote to appoint vice presidents, members of university conferences, and award degrees and honorary degrees. Decision-making can be divided into two types: the first is a relatively simple and agreed motion (such as the appointment of the president and university staff), which is generally put forward by the university conference and published in Cambridge Journal. If a certain number of members of the Regent's House do not raise objections within 10 days, it will be passed. If a complicated and important bill is put forward by someone outside the university, it will be published in the school magazine by the sponsor and then debated openly. Finally, after considering all the opinions, the proposer suggested that the Regent's Court amend the motion and publish it in the school magazine. If a certain number of members of the Regent's House do not raise objections within 10 days, it will be passed. But if a certain number of members think it is necessary, the Regent's House needs to hold a vote. The voting was conducted by mail. When the Regent's Court meets, it shall be presided over by the Dean, or in the absence of the Dean, by the Vice President, or in the absence of the Vice President, by the Dean of the College appointed by him. Now almost everything can be solved without a meeting, but it must be held four times a year in June to approve the conferment of degrees. In addition, if Cambridge University needs to award honorary degrees, the Regent's House also needs to hold a meeting to vote.

The Senate of Cambridge University used to be the highest legislative body, but at present its only responsibility is to elect the president. Members of the Senate include all students or professors who have obtained a master's degree or above from Cambridge University.

The full name of the university conference is the academic conference, which is responsible for daily administrative work. The members are ***2 1, including the president (but generally absent), the vice president and the elected members of 19. 19 people include 4 representatives of college presidents, 4 representatives of professors, 8 other members from Regent Hospital and 3 representatives of students (at least 1 people are graduate students). The first three types of members are elected by the Regent's Court, and the student representatives are elected by the students.

List of colleges

Christian College of Cambridge, founded in 1505.

Website (http://www.christs.cam.ac.uk/)

Churchill College, Cambridge (founded at 1960).

Website (http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/)

Clare College, Cambridge (founded at 1326)

Website (http://www.clare.cam.ac.uk/)

Carlisle Hall College, Cambridge University (Claire Hall, Cambridge, founded at 1965)

Website (http://www.clarehall.cam.ac.uk/)

Corpus Christi College of Cambridge University was founded in 1352.

Website (http://www.corpus.cam.ac.uk/)

Darwin College, Cambridge (founded at 1964)

Website (http://www.dar.cam.ac.uk/)

Downing College, Cambridge (founded at 1800)

Website (http://www.dow.cam.ac.uk/)

Emanuel College of Cambridge University (founded in 1584).

Website (http://www.emma.cam.ac.uk/)

Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge (founded at 1966).

Website (http://www.fitz.cam.ac.uk/)

Girton College, Cambridge University (founded at 1869)

Website (http://www.girton.cam.ac.uk/)

Cambridge, gonville and Caius College, 1348.

Website (http://www.cai.cam.ac.uk/)

Homerton College, Cambridge University (founded at 1976).

Website (http://www.homerton.cam.ac.uk/)

Hughes Hall College, Cambridge University (founded at 1885)

Website (http://www.hughes.cam.ac.uk/)

Jesus College of Cambridge University (founded at 1497)

Website (http://www.jesus.cam.ac.uk/)

King's College, Cambridge University (founded at 144 1).

Website (http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/)

Lucy cavendish College, Cambridge, 1965.

Website (http://www.lucy-cav.cam.ac.uk/)

Magdalene College of Cambridge University (founded at 1428, Cambridge).

Website (http://www.magd.cam.ac.uk/)

Newhall College of Cambridge University (Cambridge, newhall, founded in 1954).

Website (http://www.newhall.cam.ac.uk/)

Newham College, Cambridge University (established at 187 1).

Website (http://www.newn.cam.ac.uk/)

Pembroke College of Cambridge University (founded at 1347).

Website (http://www.pem.cam.ac.uk/)

Peterhouse, Cambridge, founded in 1284.

Website (http://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/)

Queen's College, Cambridge University]], founded in 1448)

Website (http://www.quns.cam.ac.uk/)

Robinson College, Cambridge University. Established in 1979)

Website (http://www.robinson.cam.ac.uk/)

St Catherine's College, Cambridge, founded in 1473.

Website (http://www.caths.cam.ac.uk/)

St Edmund's College, Cambridge, founded in 1896.

Website (http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/)

St John's College, Cambridge (founded at 15 1 1).

Website (http://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/)

Cervin College, Cambridge, founded in 1882.

Website (http://www.sel.cam.ac.uk/)

Sydney Sussex College, Cambridge, 1596).

Website (http://www.sid.cam.ac.uk/)

Trinity College of Cambridge University (established at 1546)

Website (http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/)

Trinity Hall, Cambridge University (founded on 1350)

Website (http://www.trinhall.cam.ac.uk/)

Wolfson College of Cambridge University (founded at 1965).

Website (http://www.wolfson.cam.ac.uk/)

Related organizations

Organizations related to Cambridge University include:

Cambridge University Student Union (CUSU).

Cambridge union association.

Cambridge university press.

Cambridge university press.

Famous alumni

Rupert Brooke (King's College)

Byron (Trinity College)

Henry cavendish (Peter College)

Graham chapman (Emanuel College)

Sir Edward Coke (Trinity College)

Samuel Coolidge (Jesus College)

Thomas Cranmer (Jesus College)

Oliver cromwell (Sussex College, Sydney)

Charles Darwin (Christian College)

John Deden (Trinity College)

Edward morgan forster (King's College)

Mike Flynn (Emanuel College)

George VI (Trinity College)

Jane Goodall (Darwin College)

Thomas gray (Peter College)

John harvard University (Emanuel College)

Fred Hoyle (Emanuel College)

John maynard keynes (King's College)

C. Lewis (Magdalene College)

Margrethe II (Gordon College)

Christopher marlowe (Eucharist College)

Thomas malthus (Jesus College)

John Milton (Christian College)

Idimel Nabokov (Trinity College)

Isaac newton (Trinity College)

Samuel pepys (Magdalene College)

Sylvia Plath (Newham College)

Nicolas ridley (King's College)

Salman Rushdie (King's College)

Bertrand Russell (Trinity College)

Ernest rutherford (Trinity College)

Alfred Tennyson (Trinity College)

Emma thompson (Newham College)

Alan turing (King's College)

John wallis (Emanuel College)

Francis Hua Xinghan (King's College)

James watson (Carlisle College)

Andrew willis (Carlisle College)

Wittgenstein (Trinity College)

William Wadsworth (St. John's College)

University of Oxford

Oxford University has a long history and enjoys a world-renowned reputation. Although due to the relative decline in national and resource advantages, Oxford and Cambridge are high.

The days of the world's top universities are long gone. But it still plays an extremely important role in British society and higher education system.

Important position, but still has a worldwide influence. The education in Britain and even the whole world will be called Oxford. Britain and

Many young students in the world want to go to Oxford.

/kloc-before the 0/9th century, there were only two universities in Britain, Oxford and Cambridge, and Cambridge University was also a department of Oxford at the beginning of the 0/3rd century.

Founded by teachers and students. In history, many famous people have studied in Oxford, including:/kloc-the famous in the 3rd century.

Magee Bacon, a scholar, was the dean of Bile College in the14th century and the first complete English Bible in history.

John wycliffe, organizer of the English Reformation, Walter Raleigh and John,/kloc-a writer in the 6th century.

Donne, john wesley and Charles Wesley initiated the religious revival movement and founded the Methodist Church in the18th century. They are all literature.

Translator samuel johnson,/kloc-charles dodgson, a children's writer in the 9th century, etc. 40 prime ministers in British history

Among them, 29 are graduates of Oxford University, including Hamad Wilson and Edward-

Heath, Margaret Thatcher and now Prime Minister Tony Blair. There is also a graduate of Oxford University.

The president of a European country, a Norwegian king, five American senators, and a 1/3 Australian cabinet member. Modern literature

Scientists such as Green and Auden also graduated from Oxford University. Modern science is like stephen hawking and his proof of writing a brief history of time.

Andrew wiles of Fermat's Last Theorem finished his bachelor's degree in Oxford and became a doctor in Cambridge. Oxford university graduates

Among them, 2 1 won the Nobel Prize.

At present, there are 29 colleges and 6 associate colleges in Oxford (called "permanent private schools"-permanent).

Private auditorium, for religious sects), and a continuing education college. Of the 35 colleges,

At present, there are no students in Wanling College, only academicians (including visiting academicians). Colleges vary in size, but they all have 500 students.

Next, students and teachers (academicians) come from different professional disciplines.

In addition to the college, the teaching and research activities of Oxford University (especially the latter) are mainly organized by departments.

It is not an autonomous unit within a university, but an inter-school institution, not affiliated with any college, but with various schools.

Teachers and students in this department must first be members of Oxford University College. Oxford has 16 departments: anthropology.

And geography, biological sciences, clinical medicine, English and literature, law, classical literature,

Department of philosophy and ancient history, department of mathematics, department of medieval and modern languages, department of modern history, musicology.

Department of Oriental Studies, Department of Physical Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, Department of Psychology, Department of Sociology, Department of Theology.

The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Arts and Sciences are generally no longer divided into departments, but there are more than 30 departments in the science department, and some departments also have some centers.

And research institutions. In addition, some research institutes (such as education colleges that recruit graduate students) are not affiliated with the above-mentioned schools.

Department, and directly affiliated to the university.

Oxford University has a strong research force. Among its teachers are 83 members of the Royal Society and 125 British scientists.

Academician of the Academy of Sciences. In mathematics, computer science, physics, biology, medicine and other fields, it ranks in the forefront of Britain and even the world.

In recent years, Qian Mao has been studying not only liberal arts but also science, not only basic science, but also applied science.

Both countries have made remarkable achievements.

In the field of biomedicine, since Fleming discovered penicillin in London, scientists in Oxford in the 1940s.

Flory and Zein put it into clinical application, and as a result, they won the Nobel Prize. The most widely used antibiotics today

1955 was discovered by Edward Abraham of Oxford. Oxford University is also committed to applying molecular biology to clinical practice.

The principle of nuclear magnetic resonance vibration is applied to medical diagnosis, the discovery of human immune melon system and the clinical application of genetic engineering technology.

On this issue, Oxford University also plays a leading role. The college is also very good at HIV, transplant surgery and genetic diseases research.

There is potential. 1987, Squibb & Sons donated 20 million pounds to the Department of Pharmacy to support their researchers.

Work.

In the field of environmental science, Oxford's research involves forest history, climate change, remote sensing, land use and wildlife.

Animal protection, livestock management, pollution, corrosion, desert invasion and many other topics.

Oxford ranks first in the world in solid-state physics, high magnetism, laser research, elementary particle research and atmospheric physics.

Take the lead. Clarendon Laboratory of Physics Department plays a special role in the field of nuclear research in the world. basic research

This research also led to important industrial development, including the establishment of enterprises such as Oxford Instruments and Oxford Laser Company.

In the Department of Chemistry alone, there are currently four Nobel Prize winners in Oxford. The school is located in protein, where new inorganic materials are combined.

The computer-aided design of molecules and molecules has made great achievements and been applied in chemical industry, pharmacy, microelectronics and other industries.

Promote application in other fields.

Oxford is also very successful in the fields of internal dynamics of the earth, land boundary deformation research, low temperature treatment, paleontology and so on.

Just ... Oxford Institute of Mathematics is in the forefront of many branches of mathematics in the world, and computer science research is the same at home and abroad.

It also has a certain status. Oxford is an internationally recognized British economic center. Not only financial and management experts,

In addition, experts in law, psychology and natural science also participated in the study of economics. 1987, entering the industrial and commercial circles.

The number of graduates from Oxford University has exceeded the employment of other industries.

Oxford University is also very active in the study of development economics and international relations, and is also known as the most active university in the study of contemporary China.

One of the centers.

Oxford University has many outstanding theologians, philosophers, jurists, historians, musicians, writers and

Literary critics are quite strong in politics, geography, sociology and psychology.

Bodley Library in Oxford is the second largest library in Britain (after the British Library), with 6 million books.

Oxford Press is world-famous and the largest university press in the world. Especially its 20 volumes of Oxford English.

Dictionaries are world-famous.

For young students, studying in Oxford should be said to be an opportunity for excellent students, which is both painful and tempting.

Love is the road to glory. However, for British society, there is something beyond glory. Oxford and Cambridge are the most important places to visit.

An important and hopeful road to high power. They train a group of prominent intellectuals for Britain every year, one of them

Some people will reach the peak of power. Just give an example to see the weight of this temptation. 1979 session

In Parliament, among the 339 Conservative MPs, 94 are from Oxford and 75 are from Cambridge. These alumni have become fun again.

Department, alumni association, support each other, share joys and sorrows, and, parents pass on their children, form a network, try.

Think about it, what kind of situation should this be?

1963, Robbins, president of the Financial Times and dean of the London School of Economics, put forward the Robbins newspaper.

Sue. Accuse Oxford and Cambridge of their monopoly position and the serious influence caused by their coldness and conservatism. at that time

The British government was impressed by this and approved the report within 48 hours. The government decided to build more universities.

On the influence of oxford and cambridge. Soon, eight universities opened. But people are surprised to find that eight universities are almost

It is no different from Oxford and Cambridge. The architectural style of the school building and the style and pattern of the campus all seem to come from Oxford and Sword.

More interestingly, all eight universities have a vice president from Oxford or Cambridge.

headmaster

Second, history.

Oxford is a major city in the Thames Valley, and its significance lies in the fact that Oxford University was founded here in 1 167. ; cattle

Tianjin must have something to do with cattle. Legend has it that cattle waded past in ancient times, hence the name Oxford. Oxford has always been Aaron.

As early as 1096, the key points on the westbound route of London have been given lectures in Oxford.

Oxford University is the oldest university in English-speaking countries. 12 century ago, there were no universities in Britain, but people did.

Go to France and other European countries to study. 1 167, the king of England and the king of France had a quarrel at that time.

In a rage, Wang Zhao returned to the British scholars who sent them to the University of Paris and forbade them to go to the University of Paris again. Another way of saying it

Yes, the French king got angry and drove British scholars back to England from Paris University. Anyway, these scholars came back from Paris.

China, gathered in Oxford, engaged in the teaching and research of scholasticism. So people began to regard Oxford as a "master"

Learning ",this is actually the predecessor of Oxford University. Scholars gathered in Oxford because Henry was there.

II built one of his palaces in Oxford, and scholars came here to protect the king. 12 century

Finally, Oxford is called "a university for teachers and students". 120 1 year, it has the first principal. 12 13 years, the school began to teach in Rome.

The emperor's special envoy got the first charter.

In the Middle Ages, young students who were active in thought, dissolute in life and often owed debts on credit inevitably.

Conflicts with local residents. Cambridge University was founded at the beginning of13rd century. The biggest conflict, hundreds of students.

Shot to death by random arrows. The result of this incident was that the king stepped forward to suppress it and sentenced the citizens to compensate Oxford University for 500 years.

Many colleges that make up Oxford University were built between 13 and16th century. Christian college 1525 is worth it.

Cardinal was established as a church college to train bishops. The upper part of the tower in Tom Square Garden was built by Ryan in 1682.

Built the largest tower in the city. When Tom's clock hung at 1648, there were10/students in the college, so at night,

At 9: 05 (Oxford time is 5 minutes slower than Greenwich time), the clock rings 10 1 to remind students of curfew (1963

No longer implemented).

Merton College is the oldest college in Oxford (1264). Others are: New College (1379) and Queen's College.

Hospital (1695), etc. Each college has its glorious history and mythical architectural relics, which can be described in various ways.

Interesting historical facts.

/kloc-many battles during the civil war in the 0/7th century.