People suffer setbacks, leading to psychological imbalance. In order to reduce psychological pressure, subjects often use psychological defense methods (mechanisms) intentionally or unintentionally and take self-defense measures to resist external injuries. Any sane person would do this. The above analysis of college students' frustration coping style is part of it. Common in real life are the following: 1. Sublimation: after being frustrated, a person transfers his ideal to another more valuable cause. A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise. Belinsky once said, "Unfortunately, it is the best university". Many people at home and abroad have taken off in adversity and made immortal contributions. "King Wen was detained for Zhouyi, Zhongnieu was in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Qu Yuan was exiled as a gift to Li Sao." Sima Qian was humiliated, and historical records were handed down from generation to generation. Goethe got inspiration and passion in his lovelorn life, which resulted in the world-famous young Werther. For example, a young woman and her boyfriend established a love relationship in college, but her boyfriend became a "Chen Shimei" as soon as she found a satisfactory job in the city with her help. Young women gritted their teeth, were admitted to graduate school, had a brighter future and formed a more caring family. Many self-taught young people in modern times almost all graduated from that "unfortunate" university ... they all sublimated their unreasonable impulses and expressed them in an appropriate way acceptable to society. 2. Projection: use your own thoughts to guess other people's thoughts, put your own thoughts, feelings and actions on others, transfer your disliked or unacceptable personality, attitude, habits, desires and beliefs to others, and say that others have this bad habit, that is, "to spend the belly of a gentleman with the heart of a villain." Gamblers often sigh that "life is a gamble", have prejudice against others, and spread it around with the intention of "fixing him" ... 3. Literati (rationalization): it refers to using various reasons and excuses to excuse themselves, so as to relieve pain, ease tension, avoid embarrassment, improve their own value or strive for social recognition, so as to achieve inner balance, also known as "spiritual victory law". When things fail, many reasons unrelated to the facts are used to save face, that is, the sour grape effect. For example, a classmate made up his mind to be among the best in the exam, but failed to do so. In order to maintain his self-esteem, he disdainfully said, "What's the point of studying the dead? I don't want to be a nerd "; If someone can't dance and doesn't want others to know that he can't, say that he likes quiet and doesn't want to go to noisy places ... 4. Reverse (overcorrection): In order to prevent his bad motives from being exposed, he adopts the behavior of "moving west". For example, girls obviously have a good impression on boys, but they are indifferent to him, or attack him as soon as they meet; Anyone who always likes to show off in front of others just exposes his inner fear. 5. Identity: refers to establishing one's identity with another person and another group through various means. For example, while raising your own school and unit, you indirectly praise and raise yourself, so as to gain the recognition of others. For example, show off your relationship with a celebrity, put the qualities that others have and admire on your head, improve your self-confidence, prestige and status, and thus reduce your frustration. 6. Depression: (When you are very angry, try to control the outbreak of your anger-depression). Repression means that after being frustrated, people suppress their painful thoughts, desires and experiences that are unacceptable to their consciousness into the subconscious, try not to think or recall, and take the initiative to forget, so as to maintain inner peace-purposeful forgetting. For example, a girl, who is normal during the day, often screams at night, rolls on the ground, makes a scene and makes strange moves. The attack lasted for an hour or two, every day for several months. When seeing a doctor, ask her why, and answer "I don't know". After using hypnosis, she told the story: her father loved her very much, but his discipline was very strict and she was not allowed to associate with boys. Once she had a date with her boyfriend, and her father had been sitting at the door, which made her unable to keep the appointment on time. On the one hand, she was afraid that her father wouldn't tell her, on the other hand, she was afraid that her boyfriend had been waiting for her, and she was in a hurry and suddenly had a seizure. This is the first time. After that, every evening, she unconsciously becomes anxious, and then psychoanalysts believe that all diseases are caused by excessive depression, although depression is a common defense mechanism, which will cause great harm to body and mind. Depression was originally hoping to forget the terrible stimuli, but as a result, subconscious activities caused a lot of memory-related stimuli. Misremembering something, or a slip of the tongue and a slip of the pen, is mostly the result of depression. Although depression can temporarily relieve anxiety and gain a sense of security, it can't restrain the inner emotional distress. Over time, it may make people become irritable or withdrawn, silent, and even form mental illness. It seems that it is best to get rid of setbacks and failures and find ways to vent your inner dissatisfaction and unhappiness. 7. Humor: It means that when a person is frustrated and in a difficult or embarrassing situation, humor is used to resolve the dilemma and maintain psychological balance. Such as: A Q; "This gentleman ...". 8. Denial: It refers to "denying" the painful fact that has happened, thinking that it never happened at all, in order to alleviate or escape the psychological pain. 9. Avoidance: it is to divert attention, take the initiative to avoid external stimuli that lead to psychological difficulties, "out of sight, out of mind", and not stay in difficult time and space for a long time. Inferiority that others look down upon. 10. Dilution: It refers to weakening the intensity of psychological experience-let nature take its course, thus alleviating the conflict between psychological cognition and psychological experience. For example, sometimes when we get along with a person carefully, we always can't handle the relationship with him well, and we feel uncomfortable everywhere, which causes a great psychological burden. Instead of this, we might as well just let nature take its course and get along better. 165438+ For example, a student with high myopia and thin figure can't go forward bravely in sports, but he may become a leader in learning because of his hard work and excellent academic performance; /kloc-Tian Tian, a 0/9-year-old girl from Qiqihar, is a paraplegic girl. Being unable to take care of herself, she can only hold a pen, but she has learned computers and mastered flash, and set up her own "Tian Tian Computer Animation Studio" in Beijing. The animation she made was purchased by CCTV and her website was very popular. She achieved self-reliance with a monthly salary of 7,000 yuan. CCTV Oriental Time and Space Program made an exclusive interview for her. "Lost in the East Corner, Gained in Sang Yu", the sky of life is so vast, and the world where skills are displayed is so vast. The east is not bright and the west is bright, and all roads lead to Rome. As long as you persevere, you will eventually realize your ideal. 12. Transfer: refers to unconsciously transferring dangerous emotions or behaviors in one situation to another safe situation and releasing them to achieve psychological balance. For example, when the work was criticized by the leader, but I didn't dare to have a fire in my heart and couldn't get angry with the leader, I found a punching bag (or something else, or someone I could bear). More than a dozen frustration defense mechanisms and several frustration defense mechanisms in the analysis of Coping Styles of College Students are often used unconsciously when people encounter setbacks. It has two sides: on the one hand, the frustration defense mechanism can help people to improve and maintain personal self-esteem, avoid or alleviate anxiety, relieve psychological pressure, and play a role in making people adapt to setbacks, alleviating mental pain and promoting development. For example, "sublimation" is the most positive and constructive, and "compensation, recognition, humor and dilution" is also of positive significance. Active frustration defense mechanism is an important way to turn setbacks into motivation. On the other hand, if the frustration defense mechanism is used improperly or excessively, it can not only reduce the tension and anxiety, but also disturb the balance of psychological activities, make people escape from reality, reduce their adaptability to life and hinder social adaptation, thus leading to greater setbacks, and may also cause psychological abnormalities and behavioral deviations, and even appear psychological diseases such as "decoration, indifference and rebellion" in disguise, "depression, fantasy and denial" and so on. Therefore, we must learn to use the frustration defense mechanism correctly. Most college students have just left home under the protection of their parents, with little social practice and insufficient setbacks, and the cultivation and exercise of will quality are generally insufficient, mainly manifested in the lack of development of will quality, poor ability to deal with motivation conflicts, poor ability to adjust goals, lack of toughness, perseverance and perseverance, and easy to be influenced by the outside world. Therefore, if college students want to develop and realize their lofty ideals and goals, they must constantly hone themselves in practice and strive to improve their frustration tolerance and willpower. To treat setbacks correctly and cultivate their tolerance, we must first have a correct understanding of setbacks. Frustration is everywhere, it can happen anytime and anywhere, and it is an indispensable part of people's lives. Someone has specially studied the biographies of 293 famous foreign writers and artists, and found that 127 people have suffered major setbacks in their lives. People who have made achievements in all walks of life in the world have experienced profound setbacks on the road to success. Professor william thomson, a famous scientist and the designer of the first cable under the Atlantic Ocean, once said, "There are two words that can represent my struggle for scientific progress before I was 50 years old, and that is failure. "The great writer Balzac also said:" Things in the world are never absolute, and the results vary from person to person. Suffering is a stepping stone to genius, the wealth of the able and the abyss of the weak. "Mencius said:" Heaven will be a great responsibility to the people of Sri Lanka, and they must first suffer their minds, work their bones and muscles, starve their bodies and skin, and mess with their actions. Therefore, patience has benefited them a lot. The experience of the famous speaker professor and his indomitable struggle life also vividly illustrate this point. Therefore, college students should be fully prepared for setbacks, so that once they encounter setbacks, they will not panic and despair, but will be able to face reality and dare to face the challenges of setbacks. Psychologists believe that frustration is both an objective existence and a subjective feeling. Frustration itself is not the direct cause of emotional disorder, but people's views, explanations and beliefs about induced events are the direct cause of people's emotional and behavioral reactions. Reasonable beliefs will cause people to react appropriately and moderately to things, while unreasonable beliefs will lead to inappropriate emotional and behavioral reactions.