At present, the definition of the word "school" is mostly "an institution that conducts systematic education in a planned and organized way". Generally speaking, school education includes primary education, secondary education and higher education, but the word "school" did not appear until the Republic of China. In ancient China, schools were called "East", "Virtual", "Learning", "School" and "Skill". Then, why did ancient schools call it "long"? In the modern Chinese dictionary, "Wen" is pronounced Xiang, and its definition is: ancient school. Xu Xiang refers to ancient rural studies, generally referring to schools. Yao Sheng, another name for students in official, state and county schools under the imperial examination system. In Ci Hai, "Yao" is also interpreted as an ancient school, while in Mencius Teng Wengong, "Set it as Yao, order it, learn and the school teaches it. People who are embarrassed raise it, those who teach it teach it, and those who light it shoot it. Yin, Zhou. I studied the third generation of * * *, so the relationship is good. " There is also "Shuo Bu": "Yao, courtesy officer for the aged, school, Yao, Zhou." Although the former said "Zhou" and the latter said "Yin Yue Dong", it is not difficult to see that the ancients called the school "Dong", which means "enlightenment" and "enlightenment". From the word "East" itself, "East" is a pictophonetic word. From the broad, sheep's voice. The original meaning of "guang" is a spacious house. "Sheep" is a "good" province, which means beauty and perfection. "Guang" and "Yang" are "Yao", which can be understood as a place devoted to educating people to be kind, kind and humble, thus making their character more perfect, that is, the school. As the name of an ancient school, there are not only many records in ancient books, but also different explanations. For example, the Book of Rites says, "You will be old when you are at home, and old when you are at home." Zheng Xuan's Note: "I went to Shandong, went to school on the right, went to college, and was also in the western suburbs. Xiayi, Zuoxue and Primary School are also in the east of Zhonggong. " Book of Rites: "The host greeted the guests outside the door." Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shangshang: "I would like to take teaching as the order." In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Yinglin's Notes on Sleeping, Volume 5: "I am a rural school, with one class and one room; The order is a state school, and there is no room in the hall. " "Yao Lao", "Yao Sheng" and "You Yao" are all appellations derived from "Yao". Among them, "Yao Lao" was the honorific title for local scholars in ancient times, and "Yao Sheng" was the honorific title for government officials and state and county school students in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The ancient official school was a county school, and the county school was a city school. In Yuan Dynasty, Ke Danqiu's Chai Jing Ji Hui said: "There are no bags at home, and the number of students is too small." Pu Songling's "Promoting Weaving" in Qing Dynasty: "Invite students into the city again." The "city" here is the county school. "You Yao" refers to the students who were admitted to official, state and county schools by Confucian scholars in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. For example, in the Ming Dynasty, Ling Mengchu's "Two Moments of Surprise" Volume 30: "In short, three people walk together." In the Qing Dynasty, Mao Xianglin wrote in "Mountain Flower List": "Those who have fallen asleep are young and lonely, and their mothers are very tolerant. The more you swim, the more dissolute you are. " Chen Qiyuan's Notes on Yongxianzhai in the Qing Dynasty: "This person eats and swims, so it is appropriate to persuade people." The word "school" originated in the Republic of China. According to research, there were schools in China as early as 4,000 years ago. The earliest school was called "Garden". The higher-level university was called "Shandong" and the lower-level primary school was called "Xia Dong". There were four schools in Xia Dynasty, namely "Xue", "East Order", "West Order" and "School". By the Shang Dynasty, the names of these four schools had evolved into "Xue", "Right Sect", "Left Sect" and "Xu Sect". Since then, there have been schools in the palace, named "Biyong" and "Chengjun". During the Western Han Dynasty, schools were divided into central schools and local schools, with imperial academy as the central school and Gong Xue as the local school. In the Tang Dynasty, the ancient school-running reached its peak, and the school classification was more refined. Schools in the Ming and Qing Dynasties basically inherited the Sui and Tang Dynasties, but due to the development of the imperial examination system, schools became vassals of the imperial examination system. In the late Qing Dynasty, modern education began. In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), the Constitution of the King James School was promulgated, and the school was called the school for the first time. After the Revolution of 1911, the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China announced a new academic system, and all "schools" were renamed "schools", which are still in use today. ? 2? 5 Shu Zhihui Yihai In ancient Wen Lin, "playing truant and memorizing 200 books at a time" was strict in the behavior management of primary school students, and most parents agreed that "if you don't fight, you will be the black sheep". If you don't study hard, or if you don't learn well, you will be beaten, whipped and kneeling ... as usual. Wang Chong's On Balance and Self-discipline said, "More than a hundred people in the library are ashamed of their mistakes or flogged by their ugly books." It can be seen that corporal punishment was prevalent in Han Dynasty. In ancient times, corporal punishment was called "castigation". "Tarting punishment" was widely used in rural primary schools in the Ming Dynasty, and even punished students' families in serious cases. Ming Huangzu's "Taiquan Township Rites and Rural Studies" stipulates that "truancy for no reason is once, and punishment is 200 times; Add tarts for the second time and punish ten pieces of paper; Three times, the same punishment as before, father and brother are still punished. " Of course, some teachers are very humane, such as giving students "no fighting" and giving "three good students" with good grades and good studies no fighting. Shen Li, who is knowledgeable and reasonable, advocates that "those who are diligent in learning, those who are progressive, and those who abide by the rules of learning are not required to post a piece of paper, and they are exempted once they encounter responsibility." Corporal punishment is actually just one of the ways for the ancients to regulate students' behavior. At the same time, the ancients also took various measures to educate children. Sometimes parents and elders are even invited to sit directly in the classroom and participate in the management of class teaching order. This was the case when Ye Chun, a good official of the Ming Dynasty, set up a school in Hui 'an. His "Shi Dong Ji Hui An Zheng Shu" records that "two mature people sit in the left and right schools and come in and out in order. "In addition, ancient times also attached great importance to the assessment of students' daily behavior to restrain students' behavior. For example, some primary schools in the Ming Dynasty set up "promoting good books", "correcting wrong books" and "recording bad books" as a reference for students to further their studies. This "Meritorious Book" lists hundreds of daily behaviors, including "slight", "hidden", "obvious", "great", "collective" and "success" to evaluate students' performance yesterday. Small seal inscription