Developing modern agriculture is the primary task of building a new socialist countryside, and the status of agricultural operators determines the development level of modern agriculture. Connecting with the practice of Jiangsu Province, this paper expounds the development course of agricultural management subjects, and points out that agricultural scale management subjects, farmers' professional cooperative organizations and leading agricultural enterprises have become new subjects for developing modern agriculture, which are interdependent and mutually supportive, and jointly promote the development process of modern agriculture. The following is what I have carefully prepared for you: related papers on the analysis of the construction of agricultural business entities under the influence of the new agricultural policy. The contents are for reference only. Welcome to read!

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As an important new agricultural management subject, family farm can effectively improve agricultural production efficiency and promote the optimal allocation of production factors, thus promoting the process of agricultural modernization. Taking Jingzhou City, Hubei Province as the research object, this paper investigates and analyzes the policy support of Jingzhou City, the management status of agricultural business entities and the problems existing in the development of family farms, and puts forward some reasonable policy suggestions. * * * * The new agricultural policy orientation, farmers' professional quality, the source of construction funds and the standardized operation of the construction of business entities have a vital impact on the smooth and healthy development of new agricultural business entities.

The new agricultural business entity refers to the agricultural business organization with large scale, high degree of intensification and strong market competitiveness formed on the basis of household contract management, including family management, large professional households, family farms, farmers' cooperatives, leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization and other agricultural business entities. The new agricultural management subject is not only the representative of advanced agricultural production mode, but also the core subject to promote the development of modern agriculture. As the main body of new agricultural management, family farm is an enterprise economic entity with farmers' families as the basic organizational unit, facing the market, aiming at maximizing profits, engaging in the production, processing and sales of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery on a moderate scale, and implementing independent operation, self-financing and scientific management. For family farms, Gao Jianbin [1] analyzed the origin, advantages and alternative forms of the farm system. Jia Daming [2] focuses on the difficulties and problems encountered in the development of family farms; Li Dongsheng and others [3] studied the development of family farms from the aspects of connotation, advantages and present situation. Qu Xueshu and others [4] expounded the advantages and disadvantages of developing family farms, and put forward that industrialization, a sound social security system and a sound land circulation market are the conditions for the healthy development of family farms. On the basis of investigation, this study summarizes the development status of family farms in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, and expounds the problems existing in the development of new agricultural management entities and the influence of agricultural policies on the development of family farms.

1 Basic situation of agriculture in Jingzhou City

Jingzhou City, Hubei Province is the central city of Jianghan Plain, with a land area of 1.4 1.000 km2, an ordinary cultivated land area of 468,000 hm2, a land transfer area of 1.0 1.000 hm2 and an agricultural population of 4.309 million. It has jurisdiction over 2 districts, 3 cities and 3 counties, including 7 "national grain-producing counties". * * * There are 88 towns, 14 townships and 9 farm management areas, which are known as the "land of plenty". In June, 2065,438+04, 289 family farms and 3,065,438+07 farmers' professional cooperatives were added. Jingzhou is a relatively developed area of family farms in Hubei Province. Selecting this area as a sample, studying the construction and operation status of new agricultural management entities, analyzing its existing problems and pointing out its development path can lay a foundation for the healthy development of agricultural management entities. From March to June, 2004, Jingzhou Agriculture Bureau investigated the basic situation of the development of new agricultural business entities, and investigated family farms and professional cooperatives in Jingzhou in the form of visits to the countryside and questionnaires to understand the basic situation of the development of agricultural business entities in Jingzhou. Jingzhou has issued a series of policies to support the development of family farms.

2. 1 Formulated measures for the management of family farms that are beneficial to the agricultural development in Jingzhou.

In 20 13, the central archives 1 proposed to develop family farms, and Jingzhou took active actions, boldly innovated and tried first. In the case that the central and provincial governments are not clear about the standards, registration methods and ways to realize family farms, the agricultural management departments have conducted extensive research, and in mid-March in Hubei Province, they took the lead in formulating "Jingzhou Family Farm Identification and Registration Management Measures", "Jingzhou Family Farm Demonstration Management System" and "Jingzhou Family Farm Simple Accounting Measures", and carried out the identification work in time, guiding and helping family farms to establish management systems and financial accounting. The State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Hubei Provincial Administration for Industry and Commerce and the Hubei Provincial Department of Agriculture successively visited Jingzhou to investigate the development of family farms, and the Hubei Provincial Department of Agriculture issued a circular on the development of family farms in Jingzhou. Jingzhou TV Station and Jingzhou People's Broadcasting Station made a special report on this, and Hubei Radio and Television General Station, Hubei Radio Station and Rural News jointly reported it. In order to promote the development of cooperatives, the agricultural and industrial and commercial departments jointly issued the first cooperative development document in Hubei Province. These mechanism innovations are mainly reflected in supporting the development of family farms and cooperatives.

Vigorously promote the healthy development of new agricultural business entities under the conditions of forming joint efforts and grasping * * * management. Establish a liaison mechanism for the development of new agricultural business entities, consult with agriculture, industry and commerce, finance and other departments on a regular basis, and trade union organizations and Yangtze University give strong support to the cultivation of new agricultural business entities, forming a good situation for the whole society to promote development together.

2.2 Combined with the training base of farmers' entrepreneurship of Yangtze University, centralized training was conducted for family farmers to improve the management level.

The development of new agricultural business entities requires a large number of professional farmers who know technology, management and management. Yangtze University, located in Jingzhou City, has been listed as a training and education base for farmers' entrepreneurship by Hubei Provincial Department of Agriculture. With the help of this platform, Jingzhou * * * trains cooperative directors and family farmers 1500 person-times every year through sunshine engineering training, entrepreneurship training and vocational skills training, and at the same time, organizes study tours and exchanges irregularly. Through this training, the intellectual resources and agricultural resources of Yangtze University are organically combined, which improves the planting level of family farmers, brings new ideas for creating wealth and obtains a new management and operation mode. For example, the agricultural brand "Cinnamon Chicken" founded by Xiong Xiaobo in Chuandian, Jingzhou District has obtained new marketing channels, opened up e-commerce channels and greatly expanded its business scope through training and teaching.

2.3 Strengthen publicity, strengthen guidance and encourage the rapid development of family farms.

Strengthen the publicity and typical promotion of rural policies, laws and regulations, enlarge the policy-oriented role, and create a good atmosphere for the development of new agricultural management entities. From June 20 13 to June 20 14, Jingzhou Daily carried out a series of publicity reports on the typical new agricultural business entities in Jingzhou, such as community joint-stock cooperatives, farmers' professional cooperatives, land joint-stock cooperatives, family farms, large grain growers and large operators. The agricultural department has compiled 2000 publicity and training materials such as Selected Typical Materials of Rural Institutional Mechanism Innovation and Compilation of New Business Entities. At the same time, Jingzhou * * * gives full play to the leading and radiating role of the pilot demonstration, and conducts demonstration family farms and farmers' professional cooperatives selection activities every year. Jingzhou * * * chooses 10 municipal demonstration family farm and 102 professional cooperative for policy and financial support to strengthen its demonstration, leading and demonstration effect.

2.4 Set a typical example and give key support in terms of funds and policies.

Jingzhou * * * issued three documents: Implementation Opinions on Vigorously Cultivating New Agricultural Business Entities, Guiding Opinions on Financial Support for the Development of New Agricultural Business Entities, and Opinions on Further Promoting Market Increment and Quality Improvement, which provided policy support for the development of new agricultural business entities. In the past three years, the relevant departments * * * have won more than 50,000 yuan from the central and provincial financial support funds, more than 30 farmers' professional cooperatives and family farms in Jingzhou, and 20 13 * * from Jingzhou Finance to support and encourage the development of family farms and cooperatives.

3. Analysis of the development of new agricultural management entities under the influence of the new agricultural policy

3. 1 The number of new agricultural business entities has increased rapidly.

By the end of 20 14, there were nearly 24,000 new agricultural business entities in Jingzhou. Farmers' professional cooperatives have grown to 2,905, an increase of more than 600 over the previous year. Especially in the second half of the year, nearly three farmers' professional cooperatives were established every day on average, with the third growth rate in the province and the second in Hubei Province. The number of cooperative unions has grown to 15, ranking first in Hubei Province. There are 640 family farms recognized by agricultural management departments, ranking first in Hubei Province, and 350 family farms registered by industrial and commercial departments, of which 3 14 were registered in the last two months of 2065, ranking first in Hubei Province. There are 0/4 land joint-stock cooperatives, ranking first in Hubei Province, and the first land joint-stock cooperative registered in the industrial and commercial department in Hubei Province is in Jingzhou. There are more than 20,000 specialized households, ranking first in Hubei Province.

3.2 The development quality of agricultural business entities has improved rapidly.

There are four obvious changes in the development of new agricultural management entities in Jingzhou: First, the development of local area, industry and industry has changed to cross-regional, cross-industry and cross-industry development. 15 cooperative alliance has initially explored a cooperative road of resource integration, industrial extension, close contact and benefit sharing. The second is the change from industry to brand [5]. The brand awareness of farmers' cooperatives has been significantly enhanced. More than 5% of farmers' cooperatives have registered trademarks, and the brand effect has expanded year by year. The herring in Haizihu, a production and marketing cooperative in Jingzhou City, is sold all over the country. The supply of Hangzhou Chrysanthemum in Yashan, a cooperative in Beiting Chrysanthemum Land in Songzi City, is in short supply every year. The bamboo chrysanthemum in Kujuling family farm in Jingzhou City is sold to several supermarkets in the city, and the price is higher than that of ordinary citrus by 0.5 yuan/kg. By the end of 20 14, Jingzhou had 6 well-known trademarks in China, 5 famous brands in China, 7 organic agricultural products, 0/00 green food and 383 pollution-free agricultural products. The third is to change from focusing on products to focusing on technology and safety. More than 90% farmers' cooperatives and family farms aim at producing pollution-free agricultural products, rationally use drugs and fertilizers, and minimize the use of pesticides. The qualified rate of provincial sampling inspection of vegetables and pigs in Jingzhou City reached over 98.8%, and the residue of toxic and harmful substances in main agricultural products decreased year by year. The fourth is to change from low standard to high standard. The development of new business entities in Jingzhou has a high starting point, a high degree of scale, a fundamental change in production methods and a great improvement in production technology. The registered operation scale of Jingzhou Grain Family Farm is not less than 6.67 hm2, which is 3.33 hm2 higher than that of Hubei Province. Moreover, the whole process of mechanization has been realized, and more than 90% of rice seedlings are raised in factories. The average management scale of 640 family farms recognized by the management department is 23.33 hm2, which is much higher than the average level in Hubei Province. Vegetable family farms and cooperatives have basically realized the steel frame cultivation or facility cultivation mode [6].

3.3 Demonstration-driven effect significantly enhanced the network of new agricultural management entities in Jingzhou City, with 24,000 households and 380,000 farmers, accounting for 35.73% of the total number of farmers, driving 880,000 farmers, accounting for 82.75% of the total number of farmers; Jingzhou City has 3 national demonstration cooperatives, 40 provincial demonstration cooperatives, 2 provincial "Top Ten" aquatic products, animal husbandry and agricultural machinery cooperatives, 3 provincial "Top 20" fishery and agricultural machinery cooperatives and 2 provincial "Top 20" animal husbandry cooperatives. There are 365,438+100000 farmers, accounting for 29 15% of the total number of farmers, driving 780,000 farmers, accounting for 73.34% of the total number of farmers. The 640 family farms identified by the management department drive more than 50,000 households. Land joint-stock cooperatives have invested in more than 3,000 farmers, driving farmers 1 10,000 people.

3.4 Farmers' income increased substantially.

The per capita income of farmers in Jingzhou's new agricultural management entity network is more than 30% higher than that of local farmers. In 20 12, the operating service income of farmers' professional cooperatives was 4.2 billion yuan, of which the net income was 580 million yuan, and 350 million yuan was returned according to the transaction amount. Members earn 37% more than non-members. In 20 14 years, the total assets of 640 family farms exceeded 654.38+0 billion yuan, and the net income exceeded 1 0 billion yuan, with an average net income of 65.438+0.7 million yuan per family farm. Land joint-stock cooperatives have increased the per capita income of farmers by 6,543,800 yuan. The per capita net income of 476 members of the Heart Herring Production and Marketing Cooperative in Jingzhou District reached more than 40,000 yuan, and more than 10% members bought cars. Songzi Beiting Juhuadi Joint-stock Cooperative 102 households, the guaranteed income per hectare10.5 million yuan, dividends at the end of the year, and the average income of each household member10.6 million yuan. Villagers can also voluntarily participate in the field management of cooperatives, with a "part-time job" 100 days or more a year and an "annual salary" 10000 yuan or more. Hu Jianxin, a villager from Zhaling Village, Zhakou Town, Gongan County, contracted 48 hm2 of low-lying land in the village in 2009, and raised nearly 900,000 yuan by himself, transforming this low-lying land into a fertile field for drought and flood. In 2065438+2002, 550 tons of grain were harvested, with a net income of more than 600,000 yuan. Jingzhou is a large grain grower with a scale of over 6.67 hm210.3 million people, with an operating area of nearly 26,700 hm2.

3.5 Promote the rapid development of agricultural scale management.

The new agricultural business entities concentrate resources such as land, barren hills, water surface, etc. [7] through leasing and shareholding, and carry out large-scale operation, so as to realize the transformation from decentralized operation to large-scale operation, improve the land utilization rate, realize the optimal allocation of production factors such as labor, land, capital and technology [8], effectively reduce the input cost of production materials, and achieve the purposes of improving quality and raising prices, reducing risks, reducing costs and increasing income, and increasing value-added rebates. Through land transfer, some farmers were liberated from the land and invested in the secondary and tertiary industries, thus accelerating the transfer of rural labor [9]. The total area of land circulation in Jingzhou City has reached 810.2 million hm2, accounting for 20.5% of the total contracted farmland area of farmers, exceeding the national average. Among them, the area flowing into farmers' cooperatives and family farms is 13000 hm2, accounting for16.05% of Jingzhou's circulation area; The area flowing into large professional households is 58,800 hm2, accounting for 72.39% of the circulation area in Jingzhou. In 20 12 years, Yonghua Family Farm in Jingzhou Development Zone transferred 3 13.93 hm2 of land in Majiagang Village and Wudangyuan Village in Tanqiao Town of Jingzhou Development Zone as a whole, and implemented large-scale production. Wheat 20 133.33 hm2, potato 26.67 hm2, greenhouse vegetables 23.33 hm2, watermelon 33.33 hm2. Watermelon 13.33 hm2 in double-film shed in the open field, other vegetables 66.67 hm2, net profit10.8 million yuan.

It not only solved the contradiction that the villagers in the new immigrant village could not adapt to the planting mode in the plain lake area, but also absorbed more than 50 villagers from two villages/kloc-0 for employment. Villagers can not only get the rental income of 10200 yuan /hm2 every year, but also get the subsidy for farming. At the same time, you can also work in the company, one day 120, more than 20 thousand a year. Li Baojun family farm in Jingzhou District has been transferred to the village and its surrounding1710/23 farmers' contracted land, plus its own contracted land120.00 hm2, planting scale 173.74 hm2, and middle rice planting10. In 20 14 years, only seeds, pesticides, fertilizers and other means of production saved 654.38 million yuan.

4. Problems and countermeasures for the further development of family farms

For Chinese farmers, family farms are still new things with bright development prospects, but there are also some difficulties and problems, which directly affect the income and production enthusiasm of family farmers. First of all, there is a lack of a clear definition of family farms. Although the No.1 Document of 20 14 Central Committee mentioned family farms, there is no uniform standard on how to define them, which affects a series of problems such as how to define, how to support and how to introduce a registration system. Second, there is a lack of corresponding support policies. Limited by the lack of land consolidation, mechanized operation is inconvenient. Expensive rent takes up a lot of farmers' working capital, and land consolidation has no financial resources to complete. Some experimental family farms want to expand their scale, but they have encountered financing problems. Third, it is difficult to form a scale of land transfer [10]. In the face of the extremely fine division of farmers' contracted land, the biggest problem in realizing land scale management is that you can't rent a piece of cultivated land and ensure that the lease period is relatively stable. The main reasons are the ambiguity of rural land property rights and farmers' awareness of cherishing land.

The healthy development of family farms needs to emancipate the mind, establish "access" and "exit" mechanisms, and build a comprehensive support system including finance, taxation, land, credit, insurance and social security. First, give the family farm its due legal status as soon as possible; Second, seriously study the basic principles and ways to cultivate and develop family farms; The third is to formulate special financial, taxation, land use, finance, insurance and other support policies, while innovating rural financial products and improving the land transfer service system. ?