First, the political participation of contemporary young students generally presents the characteristics of healthy, positive and stable development. Most young students have firm political beliefs, have a positive attitude towards the improvement of the country's comprehensive national strength, international status, market supply, economic situation, prices and cultural living standards, are full of confidence in China's social development and are "interested" in politics. College students' attention to the major political life of the country has been greatly enhanced. For example, during the two sessions, many college students pay attention to the progress of the conference through TV, online videos and newspapers, and participate in discussions and express their views through various channels. Studies in Britain, Germany, Italy and Mexico show that the education level is directly proportional to the political participation rate ([America] almond Viba: Civic Culture, People's Publishing House, 1989, p. 2 17). Because education helps to strengthen citizens' sense of obligation and cultivate citizens' awareness of political competition, interests and responsibilities; At the same time, education also helps to cultivate citizens' self-confidence, self-control and the ability to express their thoughts. As a highly educated group, young students have high ideological expression ability, strong interest sensitivity and the effectiveness of political socialization, which is also in line with the general law of political participation.

Second, contemporary college students still maintain a high awareness of political participation and can pay more attention to politics rationally and maturely. Most college students actively participate in class collective and community activities, and many students are very enthusiastic in the process of class collective running for class cadres. They care about state affairs and have strong patriotic enthusiasm. For example, in May, China's embassy in Yugoslavia was bombed. 1999, college students were filled with indignation, but they spontaneously and orderly expressed their wishes through proper channels to protest against the atrocities of NATO led by the United States. This not only shows the profound patriotic feelings of contemporary college students, but also shows their mature and rational political psychology, avoiding the occurrence of extreme political participation.

Third, contemporary college students have a high sense of political responsibility, and the country and nation occupy a sacred position in the minds of college students. A number of surveys show that the young people's sense of identity with the motherland and the nation is over 90%, among which13 people think that they can give their all if necessary, and 2 /3 people say that they should "try their best to help" (Jiang) In recent years, the principle is "education, talent and contribution" and the principle is "culture, science and technology and health". Through these activities, college students, especially party member and activists who joined the Party, can be guided to deeply understand the policies and measures of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in practice, to clarify their responsibilities and missions, and to serve the construction of two civilizations in rural areas. This shows that contemporary young students' awareness of political participation has been generally improved.

For a long time, the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers have always been the key issues that determine the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way and the modernization process in China, and also the fundamental issues that affect the overall work of the party and the state. Without a solid foundation of agriculture and the accumulation and support of agriculture, there can be no national independence and industrial development; Without the stability and all-round progress in rural areas, there can be no stability and all-round progress in the whole society; Without the well-off of farmers, there can be no well-off of the whole people. If agriculture is abundant, the foundation will be solid; If the countryside is stable, the society will be safe; If farmers are rich, the country will prosper. Only when nearly 800 million farmers join the modernization process can we revitalize the overall situation of the national economy and realize sustainable development; Only when the backward appearance of the vast rural areas is obviously changed can we achieve a well-off society on a larger scale and at a higher level. To this end, the Central Committee sized up the situation, made a major strategic decision to build a new socialist countryside at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee, and outlined a new blueprint of "production development, affluent life, civilized rural customs, clean village appearance and democratic management" in rural areas of China in the future.

First, the connotation of "new socialist countryside"

"New socialist countryside" refers to the social state of rural society based on economic development and marked by all-round social progress in a certain period under the socialist system. It mainly includes the following aspects: First, develop the economy and increase income. This is the first prerequisite for building a new socialist countryside. It is necessary to improve agricultural production efficiency through industrialization means such as high yield, high efficiency, high quality characteristics and scale operation. The second is to build villages and towns and improve the environment. Including house renovation, garbage disposal, safe water use, road improvement, village greening and so on. The third is to expand public welfare and promote harmony. It is necessary to run compulsory education so that all school-age children can go to school and receive basic education; Carry out the new rural cooperative medical system, so that farmers can enjoy basic public health services; It is necessary to strengthen the social security of rural old-age care and poor households; It is necessary to coordinate urban and rural employment and provide convenience for farmers to enter the city. The fourth is to cultivate farmers and improve their quality. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization and advocate healthy and civilized social customs; Develop rural cultural facilities and enrich farmers' spiritual and cultural life; It is necessary to strengthen the construction of village-level autonomous organizations and guide farmers to actively and orderly participate in rural construction.

Specifically, the so-called "new countryside" includes five aspects, namely, new houses, new facilities, new environment, new farmers and new fashions. These five are indispensable, and together they constitute the category of socialist "new countryside". In other words, it is necessary to build houses with different ethnic and regional customs according to local conditions, and the housing construction should meet the requirements of "saving society"; Improve infrastructure construction, with roads, water and electricity, broadcasting, communications, telecommunications and other supporting facilities, so that modern rural areas can enjoy information civilization; Good ecological environment and beautiful living environment. In particular, the ability to deal with environmental sanitation should reflect the characteristics of the new era; Make farmers have the quality of modernization and become "four farmers" with ideals, culture, morality and discipline; It is necessary to change customs, advocate a scientific, civilized and rule-based outlook on life, and strengthen the construction of socialist spiritual civilization in rural areas.

Second, the historical background of the new socialist countryside

As early as 1950s, China proposed to build a new socialist countryside. At that time, the rural social productivity in China was low, and it was difficult to ensure the farmers' food and clothing. The development of agricultural production is mainly to solve the problem of food and clothing for farmers, and the construction of new countryside is to maintain the stability of the countryside and the whole society. Just as the concerns of hundreds of millions of peasants were gradually solved, the Cultural Revolution broke out. In that special era, "we would rather have socialist grass than capitalist seedlings", and agricultural production developed slowly or even stagnated. After the reform and opening up, the rural productive forces have been liberated as never before, and various rural undertakings have made rapid development. The "upstairs and downstairs, lights and telephones" that farmers have been looking forward to has become a reality. At this time, building a new socialist countryside is the joint efforts of the two civilizations. This is put forward on the basis of summing up historical experience and lessons, especially the lessons of the Cultural Revolution, and according to the reality of China's social development and the requirements of the progress of the times. In the early 1980s, China put forward the concept of "well-off society", in which building a new socialist countryside is one of the important contents of well-off society. The construction of "new socialist countryside" put forward by the Fifth Plenary Session is a comprehensive rural reform under the new historical background and under the guidance of new ideas.

This is based on the fact that the difficulty and key to achieving the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way lies in the countryside. Generally speaking, at present, China's agricultural modernization is struggling, farmers' income is difficult, and the task of rural social development is arduous. The deep-seated contradictions that restrict the development of agriculture and rural areas have not been eliminated, the long-term mechanism to promote farmers' sustained and stable income increase has not yet been formed, and the situation of rural economic and social development has not fundamentally changed. If these problems and contradictions are not cured and solved, it will be difficult to win the initiative in the all-round development of economy and society, and it will be easy to have twists and turns.

& lt Second, based on the fact that China has entered a new development stage of promoting agriculture through industry and bringing rural areas through cities, it has initially possessed the economic strength that industry feeds back agriculture and cities support rural areas. In 2004, China's GDP reached10.3 trillion yuan, the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries in GDP reached more than 85%, and the fiscal revenue reached 2.6 trillion yuan, which is very beneficial to the construction of new countryside. In accordance with the requirements of coordinating urban and rural development, we should increase support for the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Otherwise, it is futile to change the backward appearance of rural areas as soon as possible.

& lt Third, based on consolidating the achievements of rural reform and development and improving the international competitiveness of agriculture. Accelerating rural reform and promoting rural development is not only the urgent desire of farmers, but also the general consensus of the whole society, and it is also the objective requirement to meet the challenge of socialist market economy development and participate in increasingly fierce international competition. To build a new socialist countryside, we must continue to find ways through reform, promote development through innovation, and actively establish institutional mechanisms that meet the requirements of market economy and international common rules, so that farmers can enjoy the fruits of reform and development.

Fourth, based on alleviating the three major constraints of rural development, such as resources, market and system, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and realizing common prosperity. A basic fact is that with the obvious improvement of China's comprehensive national strength, the pace of industrialization and urbanization is accelerating, and many factors such as land and capital are concentrated in cities. In the past seven years, the cultivated land decreased by 65.438+0 billion mu, and the per capita fell to 654.38+0.2 mu, equivalent to 654.38+0/3 of the world average, while the rural population did not decrease much. The income gap between urban and rural residents has dropped from 2.57∶ 1 in the early days of reform and opening up to 2.57∶ 1 now. The contradiction accumulated in rural areas has sent a strong warning signal to the national economy. Therefore, the central government should make up its mind to rationally adjust the pattern of national income distribution and implement the policy of industry feeding back agriculture and cities supporting rural areas.

Third, the significance of building a new socialist countryside

(A) building a new socialist countryside is an inevitable requirement for building a harmonious socialist society. Building a new socialist countryside and solving the "three rural issues" are mutually unified. In the process of building a harmonious society, solving the "three rural issues" is always an overall and fundamental issue. Different from cities, the construction of a harmonious rural society should be closely combined with the reality of rural construction, and the rural area should be built into a new socialist countryside with prosperous economy, complete facilities, complete functions, beautiful environment, good ecology and civilized progress.

(2) Building a new socialist countryside is the fundamental way to coordinate urban and rural development and achieve prosperity. Social fairness and prosperity are the essential requirements of socialism and the basic characteristics of new socialist countryside. To build a new socialist countryside, we must adhere to development first and take economic construction as the center. By accelerating the pace of agricultural industrialization, rural urbanization and agricultural modernization, we will continuously narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, realize the leap from food and clothing to a well-off society, and from a partial well-off society to a comprehensive well-off society, and finally achieve the goal of * * * and prosperity.