Tutankhamun [1], Pharaoh Tutankhamun, ruler of 12 in ancient Egypt 18 dynasty, was the 18 th Pharaoh in the period of the new kingdom of ancient Egypt (BC 1334- 1323). Tutankhamun is not the most outstanding Pharaoh in ancient Egyptian history, but he is the most outstanding Pharaoh today. He is a mysterious Egyptian Pharaoh. He ascended the throne at the age of 9 and died suddenly at the age of 19. The cause of death was once unsolved by murder. Thousands of years later, his mausoleum was exposed to the world, and a large number of treasures shocked the world. His original name was "Tutankhamun", which means "Atun", and later he changed it to Tutankhamun, which means "Amon", which also shows that his belief has changed from worshipping Atun to worshiping Amon. The reason why he can attract the attention of the world is mainly because of the creepy incantation of his tomb password and the controversy surrounding his life experience and death. Tutankhamun (Egyptian word "image of Amon") was one of the pharaohs of the 18 dynasty in the new kingdom of ancient Egypt. He reigned from about 1333 BC to about 1324 BC and died at about 19 years old. Tutankhaten was originally named Tutankhaten, which means "the image of Adon" in Egyptian. Since then, his belief has changed from worshipping Adon (the Egyptian sun god) to worshiping Amon (the ancient Egyptian sun god). Tutankhamun is widely known by modern people because his tomb has never been stolen for 3,000 years, and it was not until 1922 that it was discovered by howard carter, a British archaeologist and pioneer of Egyptology, and a large number of treasures were unearthed, which shocked the western world. Because the first few people who entered the mausoleum died early for various reasons, they were hyped as "the curse of Pharaoh" by the media at that time, making Tutankhamun's name more household names in the West. After the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb, his life and cause of death have been the focus of debate in the archaeological community, but so far there is no conclusion. At present, most of Tutankhamun's funerary objects are displayed in Cairo Museum, Egypt. Edit this paragraph history

Tutankhamun was born about 134 1 year BC.

Gold mask (8 photos) His father is the famous reform Pharaoh Amenhotep IV (later known as Akhenaten) and his mother is Akhenaten's sister. Mother died in her early years and was raised by Queen Nefertiti. Nefertiti loves him very much, treats him as her own, and betrothed one of his daughters (Anhosennam is four years older than him) to Tutankhamun. He grew up in the new imperial capital of King Okhennathan. King Okhennathan opposed the traditional Egyptian god Amon, but believed in the new god Atong and the sun god, and moved the palace from the old capital Thebes. Tutankhamun married Okhennathan's daughter, and Akhenaton once carried out a religious reform, establishing Atong as the main god, reducing temples and offering sacrifices to gods to weaken religious power. However, Okhennathan's rash reform deeply touched the rights and interests of the old forces, and the whole country was in turmoil during Okhennathan's period. After Tutankhamun ascended the throne, the actual power was in the hands of his grandmother, Empress Tai Caliso. With the intervention of Tai Caliso, the old religion was restored, the God Amon was re-established, the temples were restored, and the capital moved back to Thebes. Tutankhamun's name was also changed from Tutankhamun (Adon's servant) to Tutankhamun (Amon's servant). At the same time, his father Okhennathan was declared a "sinner", and his name should be erased from everyone's memory, so the words "Okhennathan" should be removed from the building. 20 10 The program on May 23rd provided a new theory that Tutankhamun was actually an independent Pharaoh, independent of Tai Caliso, who successfully led the wars against Nubia and Syria. And died a year after the war against Syria. Edit this paragraph to find out the answer.

Tutankhamun is widely known to modern westerners because his tomb has never been stolen for 3,000 years, until the British explorer howard carter, with the support of Lord carnarvon, discovered his tomb and unearthed a lot of treasures, which shocked the western world.

Unearthed cultural relics (20 pieces) When Tutankhamun ascended the throne, the Great Pyramid had a history of 1250 years. He was only 19 years old when he died, and his tomb was never stolen, because the pyramid he built was not repaired when he died, and it was taken a fancy to by the later prime minister Ayi. Tutankhamun is only buried in a small place, so his grave is the only one that has never been stolen. The whole tomb consists of front hall, tomb, ear room and library. Except the tomb, all the places are full of furniture, utensils, boxes and other utensils, including the owner's treasure house. Everything in the tomb is decorated with gold, silver, pearls and jade. Two life-size ebony gold-plated statues were also found in the tomb, which scholars believe are the images of Tutankhamun. These two statues are lifelike, which fully embodies the superb skills and rich imagination of ancient artists. During the eight-year excavation, more than 2,000 cultural relics were found in the tomb, including many rare treasures. Edit this burial cultural relic.

Tutankhamun's sarcophagus and funerary objects were originally used by one of his ancestors. Because no one expected him to be so early.

The famous tomb of Tutankhamun in Egypt

Death, temporarily too late to prepare for him, had to take someone else's for him first. Tutankhamun's famous gold mask weighs about 10.23 kg. Tutankhamun's mummy is protected by three human coffins and three outlines, each of which is exactly the same size as the other, and the craft is quite elaborate. The innermost human coffin is made of 22K gold and weighs 1 10.9 kg, which is about10.5000 USD according to the current market price. The outline of the outermost layer is large enough to be used in the garage of a medium-sized car. In Tutankhamun's grave, there is a small personal first-aid kit, which contains bandages and suspenders similar to those used in fracture besides some first-aid medicines. According to Carter's estimation, there are about 350 liters of precious oil in Tutankhamun's tomb, most of which are stored in some stone bottles. Tutankhamun is not alone. There are two aborted baby girls in his grave. Scientists have confirmed that the older one is Tutankhamun's daughter. Tutankhamun is a fashion man who loves fashion. A large number of clothes were found in his grave, and there was a wooden model made according to his body shape next to the clothes. In addition, the scarf used by Tutankhamun when he was baptized was found, which was made of good material and fine by hand. Tutankhamun has about 100 pairs of shoes, made of leather, wood, wicker and even gold. There are about 30 brands of wine in Tutankhamun's tomb, one of which is "Tutankhamun brand wine", which is also marked with the year, grape producing area and manufacturer. There are 30 boomerangs in Tutankhamun's tomb. In ancient times, boomerang was used for hunting. In addition to the golden coffin and golden chrysanthemum, the big things that are often mentioned are the throne of the queen's anointed body, two life-size woodcarving sentries and alabaster boxes. Among them, the alabaster box is the most intriguing. There are four alabaster jars with Tutankhamun's head on the lid. What's in it? The jar actually contained the liver, lungs, stomach and intestines of the little Pharaoh. Carter spent about five years digging Tutankhamun's grave, eight years cleaning him up, and nearly ten years cataloguing about 5,000 funerary objects found in the grave. However, in his life, he never published these amazing discoveries and finishing results in print. Edit this facial contour.

The researchers released a restored photo of Tutankhamun's face, and its facial contour is similar to that of the mummy unearthed in 1922.

Computer scanning reveals the true face of Egyptian Pharaoh's mummy

The gold mask looks like it. The researchers copied a plastic model based on the CT scan results. Tutankhamun has a stiff nose, thin cheeks and thick eyeliner around his eyes. His teeth were malocclusion, which was the same as the facial features of the pharaohs of ancient Egypt 18 dynasty that archaeologists always thought. Tutankhamun's face and skull are strikingly similar to those in that famous photo. In the picture, as a child, Tutankhamun is rising from the lotus in full bloom in the morning, symbolizing his status as the sun king. Tutankhamun was a healthy young man, with a slightly thin figure and a height of about 165 cm. Susan Anton, an anthropologist at new york University, thinks he looks so amazing and interesting. Archaeologists conducted a "physical examination" of Tutankhamun's mummy through X-rays. This is the first time that researchers have scanned the mummy of an Egyptian Pharaoh. 65,438+0,700 high-resolution images were scanned, and three groups of people conducted independent research. French and Egyptian groups had previously known that this was Tutankhamun, but Americans did not know its identity. Results The results of the three groups were basically the same. Tutankhamun may have suffered a serious accident before his death, even a serious fracture of his left leg. So the infection caused by fracture is probably the real cause of Tutankhamun's death. But experts can't confirm this conjecture, because the fracture may also be caused by mummy craftsmen. Edit the mystery of this life story

There has always been a saying about Tutankhamun's life: Tutankhamun did not come from the royal family, but because of his beauty, he was recruited by the daughter of the former Pharaoh and eventually succeeded to the throne. But this statement has not been recognized by researchers. In the eyes of the ancient Egyptians, the blood of the sun god was injected into the royal blood through the Horus, and the Egyptian priests believed in it. Anyone who wants to dilute the blood of Pharaoh through marriage outside the royal family is not allowed. Therefore, in the ancient Egyptian dynasty, blood marriage was always followed. At the same time, in order to have as many children as possible, it is not uncommon for brothers and sisters to get married or even father and daughter to get married in the ancient Egyptian royal family. According to textual research, this incestuous marriage lasted at least two and a half centuries in the Thebes family of the 18th dynasty. Moreover, Tutankhamun was only 9 years old when he ascended the throne, and his queen was only 8 years old at that time. It seems unreasonable to say that an 8-year-old child "likes" his husband. All these indicate that Tutankhamun must be a member of the royal family. So, what is Tutankhamun's life experience? There are two kinds of speculations-first, he is not the son of the former Pharaoh Okhennathan, but his nephew. As the queen of the former Pharaoh Okhennatan only gave birth to six daughters without sons, it is speculated that she betrothed her daughter to the nephew of Pharaoh Okhennatan, that is, Tutankhamun. Secondly, he is the biological son of former Pharaoh Okhennathan. Some researchers believe that because the queen never gave birth to a son, Okhennathan gave birth to Tutankhamun with another woman for the purity of royal blood. Some people even think that this woman may be an adult daughter of Okhennathan. Therefore, Tutankhamun may even marry his half-sister or his own menstruation. What is the truth of this palace secret that happened about 3000 years ago is still controversial and inconclusive. If these mummies can be tested for DNA, maybe this problem can be solved. Edit this cause of death

Combining some historical records and unearthed murals, we can generally know that when Tutankhamun ascended the throne,

The true meaning of Tutankhamun

Very young, only ruling with the old minister Ayi. 19 died suddenly. Next, the old minister Ayi succeeded to the throne. There is no record of Tutankhamun's death in history. Although archaeologists found traces of head injury when examining his mummy, he was partially cured before his death. This may be an accidental injury, but the possibility of assassination is not ruled out, because according to the X-ray photos, there is a black spot under the back of his head, indicating that he may have chronic trauma caused by a heavy blow to the back of his head. And his successor tried to erase the historical records, so history rarely recorded him before his grave was dug up. According to the Sunday Times on the 26th, the mystery of the mysterious death of the young Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun, the most enduring mystery in archaeology, has finally been solved. Last week, archaeologists conducted a further and more detailed examination of Tutankhamun's mummy, overturning the previous academic conclusion that Tutankhamun died. Since the discovery of Tutankhamun's mausoleum 83 years ago, there have been various speculations about the death of this young Egyptian Pharaoh. Researchers believe that he may have been killed by his compatriot Ayi, who succeeded to the throne, because of the struggle for inheritance. Because the medical examination and X-ray examination of Tutankhamun in the 1960s showed that his skull was fractured, Ayi was always suspected to be the murderer. However, a further and more detailed examination of Tutankhamun's mummy last week found that the initial suspicion was wrong and Ayi was not the murderer.

The latest research on Tutankhamun's mummy (6 pieces) shows that the hole in the back of the mummy was produced in the process of making the mummy. The scanning results showed that Tutankhamun was sick before his death, with a severely bent spine, inconvenient legs and feet, and a broken leg. The results of DNA test show that Tutankhamun suffered from malaria and various genetic diseases before his death. On the whole, archaeologists concluded that Tutankhamun died of falciparum malaria caused by foot injury infection. Tutankhamun, the Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty in Egypt, was only about 19 years old when he died. His small tomb in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, Egypt, was discovered in the 1920s.

Fracture and infection

Ashraf Salim, a radiologist at Cairo University, announced the results of the recent radiological examination of Tutankhamun's mummy at the annual meeting of the American Radiological Society held in Chicago on the 27th. The report said that the examination confirmed that the mummy had a fracture in the thigh, which may be the trace of Tutankhamun's injury shortly before his death. Tutankhamun was an outstanding Pharaoh in the history of ancient Egypt. He ascended the throne at the age of 8 and died in BC 1352, at the age of 19. British archaeologist howard carter discovered Tutankhamun's mausoleum in the Valley of the Kings near Luxor, a historic Egyptian city, on 1922. There are many funerary objects in the tomb, including the famous Jin Mianju, but the space in the tomb is relatively narrow. Archaeologists infer that Tutankhamun may die suddenly and be buried in a hurry, so he will "misappropriate" other people's tombs. Experts from the University of Liverpool, England, scanned Tutankhamun's mummy in 1968 and found broken bones in the skull cavity of the deceased. This discovery adds to the fog of Tutankhamun's death. Researchers suspect that Tutankhamun was killed by a blow to the head. This speculation is in line with the historical background of political instability in Tutankhamun's era. It is speculated that when Tutankhamun grew up, he sought more autonomy, clashed with his prime minister and died young. There is also speculation that a senior cleric who once accused Tutankhamun of disrespect may be suspected of murder.

No trauma to the brain and skull.

Salim's research team used computed tomography (CT) to scan Tutankhamun's mummy, which is far more complicated than the technology used by British researchers 1968. Through this examination, the researchers obtained about 1900 cross-sectional statues with different angles, which is equivalent to a three-dimensional "perspective view" of a mummy. The report released by Salim on the 27th said: "There is no evidence that he suffered severe trauma to his skull or chest before his death, but his thigh bone may have been fractured, which may have led to his death." Salim said that thigh fracture may also lead to trauma exposure and infection, and eventually lead to Pharaoh's death. Experts suspect that Tutankhamun was accidentally injured while hunting. Salim also found that Tutankhamun's mummy "is in a dangerous state at present, and the body has been divided into several parts, some of which are missing." There may be several reasons for the damage to Tutankhamun's remains, either in the process of making mummies or because archaeologists handled the mummies carelessly during the excavation of the ancient tomb in 1922. Salim prefers the latter possibility. Salim also found broken bones in the skull cavity of Tutankhamun mummy. He explained that this broken bone was consistent with the first vertebra missing from the deceased's cervical vertebra. "We believe that during the removal of the golden mask by Carter's team, the first vertebra of Pharaoh's spine was broken and moved. The gold mask is quite firmly combined with the remains of the deceased. " With the development of science and technology in the 20th century and the application of advanced X-ray technology, five top forensic doctors in the world (including those in the federal court now) conducted a comprehensive examination of Tutankhamun's mummy. Forensic doctors confirmed that the young people's skull had a crack because of their physical development, which is a unique physiological feature of young people. Therefore, the suspicion of death from head injury was ruled out; But because of the leg injury. According to historical documents, Tutankhamun personally led a team to cross the Nile to fight the enemy at that time. Although he won the war, Tutankhamun was cut under his knees by the enemy with an axe in the battle. Although this knife can be cured with a few simple stitches in modern medicine, it was fatal in ancient Egypt thousands of years ago. Pharaoh returned to the palace and waited slowly until the blood ran dry. Then the wound died and a bad cocoon grew.