The subway construction boom has spread to many cities in the mainland? Who is making way for the subway? It is an indisputable fact that China has entered the era of rapid subway development. At present, there are 25 cities in the State Council that have officially approved the construction of subways. From Beijing, Shanghai to Guangzhou, from Shenyang, Qingdao to Chengdu, all major cities in China are setting off a subway construction boom, and the subway construction boom has also spread to many cities in the mainland. In 2006, there were only 10 subway lines in operation in China, and in 20 15, there will be 86 subway lines. The subway is like a magic wand. On the one hand, it brings the benefits of convenient transportation, accelerated wealth and urban upgrading. On the other hand, it also caused the forced migration and even destruction of the original buildings and trees along the line. In the subway map constructed by major cities, the natural and cultural heritage is facing an unspeakable dilemma. 20 10, in order to "make way" for the subway, Wuhan Centennial Old Street "waist cut": in 1983, the "Four Seasons Beauty" soup bag shop closed down, and the century-old shop "Jingyi" glasses moved to Poyang Street; An ancient building with a history of 90 years in Shanghai has "walked" more than 20 meters as a whole; 20 1 1 An ancient house in Longtou Village, Kunming was suddenly demolished. From 20 10 to 20 1 1, many cities transplant trees to build subways. Dalian has transplanted 5 centennial trees 1 plant in Zhongshan Square, including Cedar 10, Ginkgo biloba 4, Metasequoia glyptostroboides1plant. A total of 48 trees/kloc-0 were moved to the North Second Ring City Park of Beijing Metro Line 8. Nanchang moved more than 200 camphor trees for the subway 1 line ... How to calculate this account? According to Mr. Huang, an expert in the field of ancient tree protection of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening, who did not want to be named, according to common sense, the survival rate of trees exceeding a certain specification (30 cm and above) is only 50% due to the deterioration of living environment after transplantation. What's more, Wei Hongyuan of Beijing Lvjinghua Landscaping Technology Service Center pointed out that many tree species grow slowly. If transplanted, you need to do some' surgery' to improve the survival rate, that is, cut off the branches, thus losing the appreciation value. From the environmental point of view, taking paulownia as an example, a paulownia tree can absorb 1 to 2 tons of harmful gases a year, but this adsorption effect can not be achieved for at least 5 years after transplantation, and the greening function is greatly reduced. More importantly, the loss of cultural heritage. Not to mention those ancient buildings engraved with vicissitudes of life, even ordinary street trees, will be doubly precious because they are intertwined with a certain period of history. "Cultural heritage is the gene of the city. Demolition of cultural heritage is equivalent to destroying the regional culture of the city and eliminating the cultural identity of the city. " Cai Baoguang, secretary general of China Huaxia Cultural Heritage Foundation, said. He said that a city will lose its vitality if it loses its own characteristics. In this regard, Song Yingchang, director of the Urban and Regional Management Research Office of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that many historical and cultural heritage protection issues in China are outstanding at present, especially in China. It is still necessary to strengthen public participation and listen to everyone's opinions before making a decision. Is there an alternative? "At present, China mainly focuses on economic construction, and some problems are handled quickly. Perhaps, as Liang Sicheng, Lin and other predecessors said, the destruction of some cultural heritage will be recovered at a greater cost in the future, or even not. " Song Yingchang said with concern. It's hard to say who is right or wrong. "Generally speaking, China's subway construction process lags behind the urbanization process, and there is a big gap with developed countries. Take the capital Beijing as an example. Beginning in the 1960s, there was a gap of 20 years, and its development was seriously lagging behind. Look at the subway 1 line and you will know how overloaded the Beijing subway is. " Niu Fengrui, former director of the Urban Development and Environment Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, said. Because of this, there is a demand for subway construction in megacities and medium-sized cities in China. In this demand, Niu Fengrui pointed out: "The most important contradiction at present is the contradiction between investment and construction intensity, which is a very test of the government's public finance ability." In addition, there is another contradiction. On the one hand, the city must be modernized and municipal construction should be carried out to make it have the functions of a modern city; On the other hand, the old city has cultural heritage and must be protected as much as possible. In this regard, Niu Fengrui said: "How difficult it is to choose, how difficult it is to make a decision. In the process of making decisions, don't ignore secondary contradictions. " From the perspective of urban construction, the streets of many cities, including buildings and trees on the streets, as the product of a certain historical era, are inevitably out of harmony with urban construction. Therefore, "the cultural relics or trees moved underground during subway construction are certain." Niu Fengrui said, "There is no question of who is right or wrong, but the comparison of the weights of investment and income." Niu Fengrui pointed out that the government should realize that the protection of cultural heritage is not only necessary, but also necessary. However, people should also realize that we have the technology and ability to move trees to another place. It is good that people's awareness of protection has improved, but people's awareness cannot go to extremes. Facing the menacing subway and larger-scale modernization, cities also need "humanistic planning". What kind of attitude should the city face to those buildings and trees full of historical context? Ancient and famous trees over a hundred years have been valued. Last year, the first phase of M3 Line of Qingdao Metro started. Because there are a large number of ancient and famous trees over a hundred years along the subway, the subway headquarters tried to avoid them in the design after many field visits. Mr. Huang of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening said that trees in Beijing that are over 1 0,000 years old are listed as "ancient trees" and protected. In the past, there has always been a phenomenon of "competition for land" between engineering construction and ancient trees in Beijing, but related projects must be approved by the municipal competent leaders and can only be implemented through expert discussion. Hu Tianyu, a registered urban planner of China Urban Construction Institute, said that there are indeed some technical bottlenecks in subway construction, especially the technical difficulty of subway exit design, with many bottlenecks and little room for extension. But he also pointed out that urban planning should take into account people's feelings and historical precipitation, especially in many cities with rich historical accumulation. Peng Feng, a professor at Peking University Aesthetics Research Center, said that in the United States, a project must be submitted in three aspects: engineering technical report, economic report and aesthetic report. The three reports are independent and indispensable, and are undertaken by qualified companies or research institutes respectively. Among them, the aesthetic report mainly analyzes whether the project will damage the cultural landscape of the city, and whether it will have a positive or negative impact. In the current upsurge of urban construction in China, this model is obviously worth learning. ?