In the third year of Huizong Chongning (1 104), Biyong, a preparatory school in imperial academy, will be established by young inspector Li Jie. Just after it was built and put into use, a brothel appeared near the school, which made people feel a little associated. Biyong began in the Western Zhou Dynasty and was a university established by the emperor for the children of nobles. "The college students are in the suburbs, the emperor said Bi Yong, and the princes said Pan Gong." (The Book of Rites. Wang Zhi) Since the Western Han Dynasty, there have been Piyong in all dynasties, but most of them are used for sacrifice. Only Pi Yong in the Northern Song Dynasty was the real school.
In the early years of Northern Song Dynasty, there was only one educational institution in Tokyo, imperial academy. This is an old system inherited from the Han Dynasty, but the enrollment threshold has been lowered. In the Jin Dynasty, imperial academy was reserved for a few aristocratic children, but in the Tang Dynasty, it was reduced to only open to the children of senior bureaucrats. In the Song Dynasty, imperial academy's aristocratic lineage shrank again, and the children of middle and lower-class bureaucrats with more than seven grades were eligible for admission. In June (962) of the third year of Stegosaurus, Cui Song, doctor you, was sentenced to prison in Song Taizu. In the Song Dynasty, students directly used Tianfu Puli Temple (the seat of imperial academy in the later Zhou Dynasty) to formally gather for lectures.
Since then, both Zhenren and Renren dynasties have expanded imperial academy, increasing the initial 70 students to 200. However, most of these students are registered in imperial academy, but they don't attend classes. Only the teacher lives in the prison. Imperial academy has thus become a simple examination place. "Every solution test period, imperial academy called the quartet students to take the test and choose the winner. At this point, the prison is already overcrowded. The exam is over, that is, the clouds disperse, the excitement is temporary, and the loneliness is permanent. In the name of education, there is no education. " In order to curb this heinous phenomenon, Huang Xianfan later stipulated that state-owned supervision students must attend classes for 500 days before they can take part in the solution test. Unfortunately, it didn't take long to implement.
Besides imperial academy, there are three halls, namely Wenguang, imperial academy and Law School, which are used to accommodate students from all over the world to prepare for the exams in the capital. There may have been more than a thousand people at that time. However, it still exists in name only. When there is no exam, only 20 or 30 people live in the three halls, which can only be regarded as a cram school in imperial academy. It was not until four years ago that Wang and others were sentenced to write in imperial academy: "The first goodness comes from the capital, and now imperial academy is only 200 years old, which is not enough for scholars. Please take Xiqingyuan as imperial academy. " They pointed out that there were 240 1800 schools in imperial academy in the Han Dynasty, with 30,000 students, while there were 1200 schools in imperial academy in the Tang Dynasty. Compared with this, our imperial academy is too small and needs to be expanded. Song Renzong readily agreed, but the three departments in charge of construction affairs at that time did not buy the account of the emperor. They think that the renovation cost of Xiqing Garden is too high, and it is an indispensable guest house for Liao envoys. Therefore, another website was selected, and in February, Ma was put into use as imperial academy. It was not until the reception place of Liao envoys was changed to a pavilion post that imperial academy found the site of Xiqingyuan, taking the back hall and corridors on both sides of Xiqingyuan as the school building, and officially started his school career. (Long version of Continuing Education as a Mirror)
Xiqing Garden is located in the east of imperial academy. Its original function was not only to receive the envoys of Liao, but also to hold royal banquets. The emperor entertained imperial families and officials here, and there were always beautiful and charming images. Xiqingyuan once appeared in Song Qi's poem "History of Red Apricot", which means that "the fairy trees are low and high. A famous toast was filled with joy, and he was happy to translate "A Long Way to Fight Incense" (Song and Qi's "Swallow at the Tin Celebration Courtyard on the Dry Yuan Festival"). Soon after, Chaoji Garden east of Xiqing Garden was also owned by imperial academy. Imperial College London is gradually taking shape.
Imperial College has been led by Ai Hu, a famous educator at that time, since it was founded in Li Qing in four years. Ai Hu applied his school-running experience in Su Hu to the management of imperial academy, which made imperial academy's academic influence more and more important. In the first year of Jiayou, there were 300 or 400 Thai students, all of whom received public education. Ai Hu's teaching philosophy is quite modern. He divided his teaching objects into Jing Yi Zhai and Shi Zhi Zhai. The former mainly teaches classics, while the latter teaches students strategies. Since then, Imperial College has gradually flourished and attracted many teachers and students. Besides Ai Hu, there are Shi Jie, Sun Fu and others, all of whom are academic masters. Students are selected from county schools and state schools all over the country. County College selects excellent students to go to State College, and State College selects excellent students to go to imperial academy, which ensures the continuous source and quality of students in imperial academy. In the ten years after the establishment of Imperial College, senior high schools enrolled more than 300 students, but the total number of scholars enrolled each year was only 100. As for imperial academy, an aristocratic school in the past, due to the limitation of students and the outdated teaching methods, it was completely upstaged by imperial academy, so that it was reduced to a situation of "although there is a school house, it is a narrow pass with few students and only paranormal". ("Wuyi New Collection" Volume 17 "imperial academy's Formal Generation Theory").
The change of law during Zongshen's reign made Imperial College London succeed for the second time. Wang Anshi not only expanded the enrollment scale of imperial academy, but also reformed the employment system and implemented the "three-she law". That is to say, imperial academy can be divided into three categories: lodging outside, lodging inside and lodging, among which those who get excellent results in lodging can directly elect officials. This move contains the intention of cultivating scholars and taking scholars, similar to Tian Qi's Jixia Xuegong in the Warring States Period. It can also be compared to preparatory courses, undergraduate courses and graduate students in universities. In the second year of Yuanfeng, there were 80 fasts in imperial academy, each with five rows, which could accommodate 30 people. There are 2000 people living outside the house, 200 people living inside, and only 100 people living inside. Later, although the new law was abolished, Imperial College was not affected. During the period of Hui Zong, some new laws were restored, and the number of students living outside the house was increased to 3,000, 600 students lived in the house and 200 students lived in the house. It was at this time that Biyong was built to accommodate students outside the family.
Figure: Imperial College Layout
Source: Huang Xianfan's Imperial College Salvation Movement in Song Dynasty
So a large-scale cultural and educational area gradually formed in the south of Tokyo. Crossing the Jinlong Bridge to the south, imperial academy is located in the east of Yujie Street. Imperial academy is adjacent to Wuxue Street and No.3 College, together with its neighbor imperial academy and nearby Biyong. It is full of youth and thoughts. In this cultural and educational area, besides the formal Confucian education in imperial academy, there are medicine, law, martial arts, mathematics, Taoism, calligraphy and painting. Martial arts 100 people, focusing on the art of war; There is no quota for law students, who mainly study trial and law, and pay equal attention to cases and laws; 200 students, studying nine chapters, calendar and astronomy; Scholars also learn seal, official seal and grass, while painters are divided into Buddhism, Taoism, figures, landscapes and other subjects; There are 300 medical students, who are divided into three disciplines: pulse prescription (internal medicine) and acupuncture and acupoint selection (surgery), and each discipline is led by a professor; Taoist students naturally learn Taoist classics such as Tao Te Ching and Zhuangzi, which is related to the royal family's advocating Taoism at that time. These thousands of students have rejuvenated the whole south of Tokyo, where they are drinking poems and enjoying their youth.
Of course, learning is the main theme. Too many students will read and play with countless spring days, and may even often go to the nearby Qingfeng Building for wine tasting and chatting. Nature has also created business opportunities for nearby brothels to a certain extent. At that time, business schools (similar to hall or school in British and American universities) often held parties. Before the party, there is usually a preparatory work called "calling the police". The name of the event doesn't sound so elegant, but there is more content. In Zhou Mi's Miscellaneous Knowledge, he said: "In the school room, you must book a prostitute, but every banquet is posted by yourself. It is only for this banquet that someone in Beizi will go there with a printed book." This is one of the recreational activities of Thai students.
The second entertainment: "throwing pots". Imperial academy has a public canteen, which is famous for its special steamed bread Renzong Blessing. York's poem "Steamed Bread" said: "After studying for several years, I have fully studied Confucianism, and I still preach bamboo shoots and ferns in Yuji. The son Peng gave birth to red meat, and the general iron bar white lotus skin. " Just looking at the poems, I think this steamed bread tastes excellent. The scene of eating steamed bread in imperial academy canteen is not polite at all, and it is noisy at ordinary times. Dishes and bowls often happen. After a lively meal, the young people also used the action of "smashing the pot" to help digestion, so they started another round of shouting.
Figure: Schematic diagram of the pot-throwing.
The picture comes from the internet.
Have fun and learn without delay. Imperial academy represented the academic trend at that time, with the highest enrollment rate in China. From Li Qing of Injong to imperial academy in the early years of Jiayou, he became the object of examination and imitation. Imperial academy's style is probably characterized by gorgeous words, eloquent words and difficult words. "It's as weird as' the son of the wolf, the grandson of the leopard, and the pursuers in the forest', as weird as' the map of the Duke of Zhou, the map of Yu Cao, and the negative version of Fu Shuo, building the foundation of peace'." (Ouyang Fa). Regardless of the quality of imperial academy's style, this is a topic in the history of literature. Only that it happened to hit the muzzle of Ouyang Xiu. Ouyang Xiu wanted to reform the style of writing, and he was extremely disgusted with imperial style. Liu Ji, a student who once wrote imperial academy's style perfectly, should pay attention to it for a long time.
Liu Ji, known as the "first person in Chinese studies" in imperial academy, can be said to be a wonderful work. He knows the melody and is good at drinking, leaving many interesting jokes, so he can't help gossiping here. After retiring at the age of seventy, Liu Ji took four or five maids to roam the mountains. Meet the place you like, set up camp, pour wine, compose new sounds, and let the slave girls sing live. Drunk, fell down on the spot, almost a legacy of Wei and Jin dynasties, handsome and sweaty. Later, he was recalled to Beijing to discuss music, wearing royal clothes during the day and strolling in the street at night, not drunk. God doesn't mind him either. ("Misty Rain in the Stone Forest" Volume 10) The song dynasty bestseller "Painting Spectrum" also recorded such a joke: One day Liu Ji met an old man while drinking in Fan Lou, and they had a good talk. Su taught him the inner alchemy-it sounds too familiar, just like a boy with a bloody feud who fell off a cliff and got the secret book of Wulin. -Liu Ji should have studied it carefully, because when he was 74 years old and climbed the mountain with his friends, his friends couldn't even catch up with him, but he walked as fast as a fly and laughed at his friends' incompetence. Then ... he took off his pants and showed his hips. "They are all fleshless, with skin and bones, and the hair is several inches long. It is audible and bright when buckled."
The second year of Jiayou is a magical year. When Ouyang Xiu was the chief examiner, the first batch of scholars were as follows: Cheng Hao, Zhang Zai, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ceng Gong, Ceng Bu, Lv Huiqing, Zhang Dun ... The stars shone. Liu Ji, a star college student, fell out with his college friends in Sun Shan. As early as marking, Ouyang Xiu accurately locked Liu Ji according to the sentence "Heaven and earth roll, everything grows, and saints grow": "This must be Liu Ji." In addition to giving Liu Ji a good brush, Ouyang Xiu continued to add a bold sentence, "The scholar stabbed the brush officer." The story is not over yet. In the four-year court examination of Jiayou, Ouyang xiu wrote such a paper, the Fu of Yao and Shun Nature, saying: "Therefore, the life is prolonged by quietness, and the five emperors live a long life; Moving and being brave is the punishment of the four deadly sins. " He admired it very much and named it the first name. The number one scholar who wrote a good article for Ouyang Xiu was Liu Ji, renamed Liu Xuan. Ouyang Xiu was "startled for a long time" after learning about it ("Meng Qian Bi Tan")
Entertainment is absurd, literary talent is affectionate, and young people also need blood and integrity. Too many students began to take part in politics while following religion. According to Linxi unofficial history, Su Jia, the son of Su Song, wrote an article criticizing the political reform when he was in imperial academy, which annoyed Wang Anshi, so he dismissed a group of imperial academy officials. Song Shenzong commented: "Imperial College is a lecher, although the consul is also afraid of talking." From then on, imperial academy won the title of "unofficial censorate". During the stormy period at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Thai students often organized tea parties, exchanged news and criticized current politics. A large number of iron-fisted remonstrators came into being. During Song Huizong's Chongning period, Yong Xiaowen, a student, was exiled and died in Hainan Island because he strongly criticized the Cai Jing brothers in the imperial examination. In Daguan, a former student, Chen Chaolao, wrote a letter denouncing Cai Jing's "treachery". Former student Chen Dong led hundreds of people to kneel at Xuande Gate in the first year of Jingkang, pleading for the recall of hawkish Li Gang. Deng Wengu was broken by tens of thousands of Tokyo citizens who gathered here, and He Pai Li Bangyan (former Imperial College) was arrested when he left Donghuamen. Qinzong had to recall Li Gang. After the destruction of Tokyo, Song Qinzong personally went to Jinying to make peace, "Hundreds of students in imperial academy cried for the South Gate". Unfortunately, they can't change anything.
Always like this. College students can't change the status quo and call back the past. If I make a campus film of the Song Dynasty, I'm still willing to shoot hormones in the canteen, make a hullabaloo about and smash the pot, and even call the police. I have to think for a moment whether the hero is Liu Ji or Zhao Mingcheng. Jinlong Bridge faces south, the scenery is just right, and youth does not hurt.