Spurs case
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As governor
After the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, it was rumored that Zeng Guofan was ambitious. In fact, his subordinates have long encouraged him to seek the throne. The Qing court had to rely on the Xiang army when fighting the Taiping Army. However, now that the Taiping Army has been completely wiped out, can Empress Dowager Cixi allow Zeng Guofan to sit in Jiangnan? Crouching tiger in the southeast can't sleep well. So she transferred Zeng Guofan from Jiangning and appointed Ma Xinyi as the governor of Liangjiang, which quickly abolished the item.
Be assassinated
Jiangning was captured by Xiang, and the two rivers have always been regarded as private land by Xiang. They have been operating there for several years. How could they be easily ceded to Ma Xinyi? Ma Xinyi didn't have his own army for decades, and he came to Jiangning alone, as if he were in a deep hole. When Ma Xinyi was assassinated, the court knew. In order not to cause a mutiny and shake the rule of the Qing Dynasty, Zeng Guofan was quickly transferred back to Jiangning. Since then, the throne of the governor of the two rivers has been in the hands of the Hunan department for a long time, and others are afraid to ask.
cause
After the failure of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the inferiority of Xiang Army was exposed completely. They are even more ferocious and brazenly plundered than bandits. After the implementation of the system of changing the brave into soldiers in the late Qing Dynasty, tens of thousands of Xiang troops were abolished, including many generals. These people don't go back to their hometown to farm, but wander around and plunder. Some people have joined the society, while others are members of it. The abolition of Xiang army strengthened the black forces, and the combination of stragglers and black forces became a major public hazard. Ma Xinyi punishes stragglers severely. In particular, Yuan, who is famous for his daring, was appointed as the general manager of the battalion department. If he catches stragglers who endanger people and commit illegal acts, he will be executed on the spot. Stragglers and black forces hate him.
Southbound diary
Yan often talks with Sun and is quite calculating. He wrote a diary of going south and described the whole process of going to Nanjing. According to his great-grandson Yan, the diary reads: "The Spurs case is related to the Xiang army." "There is a big shot behind the Spurs case."
Report 1
Zhang Wenxiang's assassination of Ma Xinyi was a heavy blow to the heavily guarded supervision room. After Ma Xinyi was stabbed, there was a drama of "stabbing a horse" immediately, and it was when he had obtained the provincial examination. Anhui scholar Yin gave a test, which even included his sarcasm. Qiao Songnian also came to join in the fun, wrote a crooked poem to testify, and the generals of Xiang set up a monument and so on. All this shows that the Spurs case is a planned and organized political murder. From the implementation of the case, to the strong cooperation of public opinion, as well as the careful planning and smart design of the case, it shows that it is from the hands of experts.
Statement 2
After the Spurs case, the Qing court was very frightened and knew that the case involved insider abuse by court ministers and was disgraceful. Therefore, we can only cover up contradictions and whitewash appearances. Empress Dowager Cixi personally handled the case in order to maintain her shaky rule. Zeng Guofan, an official who is dealing with religious projects in Tianjin, was transferred to hear the case. On the eve of Zeng Guofan's departure, he was summoned and told the pilot that "Ma Xinyi did a good job", which set the tone for the case. In a word, Ma Xinyi is a good official, while Zhang Wenxiang is a perverse official. A large number of unofficial history, notes, novels and operas, regardless of the songs of historians, made the story of Ma Xinyi's assassination public. Ma Xinyi's official career was achieved by falsely reporting military achievements and collecting powerful people. He was a defeated general in the so-called "anti-bandit" campaign. After being arrested, he had no backbone and became sworn brothers with Jin Lan, the "gangster". Then, Ma Xinyi's farce of recovering lost land was directed by his brother, which deceived the imperial court and even ascended the throne of his provincial government. After becoming sworn brothers, sworn brothers thought they could attach themselves to him and came all the way to take refuge. Ma Xinyi raped and possessed his brother's wife, then seduced and killed his brother. Zhang Wenxiang accidentally escaped from his clutches, which led to this big horse stabbing case. This incident caused a sensation in the ruling and opposition parties. Empress Dowager Cixi was surprised and asked, "Isn't this strange?" Zeng Guofan replied trembling: "This is very strange." What's more, the confession of the criminal Zhang Wenxiang was evasive, and the presiding officer was vague. Although Zeng Guofan, Zheng Dunjin and other court officials reviewed the case, they never got the truth. 187 1 year,1year, Zhang Wenxiang was opened to pay homage to Ma Ling.
Yang Yuelou case
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pass by
Yang Yuelou is a famous actor in Beijing Opera Troupe. He is famous for his excellent acting skills and clothes, and is praised for his elegant and beautiful artistic style. From 11th to 12th years of Tongzhi, he performed in the famous Yuan Jingui Theater in Shanghai Concession, which attracted men and women in Shanghai. Generally speaking, Peking Opera is not only partial to greedy Yang Yuelou.
In the winter of the twelfth year of Tongzhi, Yang Yuelou married a merchant woman and caused a lawsuit. After performing dramas such as Van Gogh Palace, Wei, a tea merchant from Xiangshan, Guangdong Province, went to Lian for three days. Wei's female name is Po, seventeen years old, and she worships her very much. After returning home, he wrote a book about his desire to get married, and sent people to Yang Yuelou to meet him and celebrate the New Year together. Being suspicious and afraid to keep her promise, Wei's daughter is ill and her condition is getting worse. When his father was away on business for a long time, his mother sent someone to tell Yang Yuelou to ask the matchmaker to propose to him. To see the Moon Building, I agreed. The money matchmaker got a marriage certificate, got engaged and began to prepare for the wedding. However, when Uncle Wei learned about this incident, he refused to marry and insisted on stopping it. He just retired.
Wei's mother imitated the old customs of Shanghai and secretly asked for advice. Wei's uncle sued Shanghai officials for kidnapping and theft. So on the wedding day in her new house, the county police and patrol officers went to the Moon Building and Wei's daughter. They got seven boxes of clothes and jewelry from Wei's mother and daughter, which is said to be 4,000 yuan. On the way to take the guardian daughter to court, there was a car sitting in it, telling heaven and earth that the red dress for ancestor worship had not left yet. Follow the audience like a cloud along the way. Ye Ting, the magistrate of a county in Shanghai who tried the case, is also from Xiangshan, Guangdong. He hates it, hell to pay. He was severely punished in Yang Yuelou and broke his tibia. Not only did the woman have no words of self-regret, but she also said that she had never had the same ambition, so she was slapped 200 times. Both of them were detained until Wei's father came back. As soon as the case came out, it spread all over the streets, and public opinion was sensational. Yang Yuelou was a smash hit, and everyone knew it was a famous brand, so it was particularly striking to commit such a dramatic romantic case. At the same time, actresses have always been regarded as untouchables, and tea merchants surnamed Wei are not only well-bred but also businessmen with certain status and small wealth. Yang Yuelou married the daughter of a good family as a pariah, which violated the general etiquette of being a good man and not marrying. In addition, Wei Yang's marriage is what a well-known media called a proper form of marriage, while the township party sued officials and county officials on the grounds of abduction and theft, and severely punished them on the grounds of abduction and theft. These unconventional things also aroused people's interest, so there were different opinions at one time.
result
The last person to clarify grievances in this case was Empress Dowager Cixi. However, Yang Yuelou's case ended in chaos. The people involved have not been affected at all, and they are still happy to be officials and rich. Yang Yuelou's wife, Wei Abao, was kicked out of the house by her father and disappeared. In order to express his dissatisfaction with the darkness of officialdom and the low social status of artists at that time, Yang Yuelou was renamed the Monkey King and bring disgrace to oneself. [ 1]
Strange case in Taiyuan
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There is a millionaire named Zhang in Taiyuan. Because of his poor son-in-law Cao, who he didn't like, he married his second daughter Yuzhu to a family named Yao. However, his daughter Yuzhu likes gigolo and doesn't like money, so she eloped with Cao, ready to take refuge in Chen, an old friend of Cao's family in Jiaocheng County.
Before leaving the city, they stopped at a tofu shop. Mo Laohan's father and daughter sympathized with their experience and lent them the donkey. The next day, Zhang Wan thought he ran to the eldest daughter's house and led his family to the eldest daughter Kim's house to find someone. He suspected that she was hiding in the closet. Who knows there is a monk in the closet, they carried him away, but the monk fainted. In order to find the steps, Zhang Million lied that his second daughter died of a sudden illness, put on a wedding dress for the monk and put it in a coffin. In the middle of the night, the monk woke up and ran away. He also went to the tofu shop, changed his ordinary clothes at Mo Laohan's house and left. On the way, his lower body got excited again and molested the woman who got up early. He was killed by her husband, butcher Wu, and his body was thrown into the well. The murder case of monks and the case of Zhang's dismemberment caused a sensation in the whole city. Yangqu County ordered a public trial of Yang Zhongmin. Some nosy people identified the monk's clothes as Mo Laohan. Yang Zhongmin, eager to close the case and make meritorious deeds, desperately identified Mo Laohan as the murderer. Mo Laohan confessed and reported the case to the punishments.
On the same day, the butcher killed Wu and moved to Jinci. When Cao returned to Taiyuan, he passed by the slaughterhouse. After drinking, the butcher confessed the secret of killing the monk. A few days later, Cao returned to Taiyuan from Jiaocheng to return the donkey, knowing that the old man had been arrested as a complaint from Mo Laohan. Yang Zhongmin knew his grievance, but he was afraid to expose his torture regardless of human life and let Cao Huangwen be his accomplice. On the one hand, Yuzhu's servant girl asked Wu, the butcher of Jinci, to be monitored, and on the other hand, she rushed to Jiaocheng to look for Yuzhu. Yuzhu just rose from Jiaocheng County to Shanxi. According to Governor Chen, he was sent to Taiyuan. So, the truth came out, and the old man and constantly chauffeured were acquitted.
Chinese cabbage box
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Report 1
At the end of Qing Dynasty, Yuhang scholar Yang Naiwu gave a banquet to celebrate. Bi Xiugu, the first wife of tenant Ge Xiao, is quite attractive and is called "Chinese cabbage". She used to be the child bride of the Ge family and once worked as a housekeeper in the Yang family. She had fallen in love with Yang Naiwu for a long time, but because of her politeness and fame, it was difficult to get married, so she had to get married alone. Liu Xitong, the magistrate of Yuhang County, once took bribes and embezzled Chinese ink for charging more money and eating more food. Yang Naiwu contacted him and sent a letter to the scholar, which broke his financial path and made him resentful. His son Liu raped Bi Xiugu with rape drugs and poisoned her husband Ge Xiaoda. In order to save his son's life and vent his personal anger, Liu Xitong tricked Yang Naiwu into the county government, tortured him, decided to "take his wife away" and told him to die. My sister and wife Zhan refused to accept it, which lasted for two years and appealed dozens of times. It's all because Liu Xitong took bribes that officials protect each other and still sentenced to death, and the punishment is detailed. Zhan was also arrested for failing to file an appeal. Fortunately, Wang Shiping, the imperial examination officer, and the gentlemen wrote to the punishment department to argue the case. Xia Tongshan, assistant minister of punishments, refused the detailed article and demanded a decree to order the joint trial of Zhejiang Sanxian Constitution. In order to save his younger brother, Yang Shuying went to the provincial capital with his nephew in his arms and begged Xiugu to confess truthfully. Bi Xiugu was deeply guilty and immediately agreed. Who knows that Yang Changjun, the governor of Zhejiang Province, relied on the support of Zuo in the frontier. In order to save face and many officials attending the trial, he deliberately rebelled with Mrs. Fan and Mrs. Fu, forbidding Bi Xiugu from recanting, and then decided to play "adultery for life" again. Yang Changjun's move aroused the public anger of Zhejiang gentry. With their support, Yang Shuying went to prison and asked Yang Naiwu to write a complaint, risking his life to go to Beijing to complain. Prince Chun, the biological father of Emperor Guangxu, hated Yang Changjun's contempt for the imperial court and was afraid that the governors of various provinces would follow suit. He decided to reverse Yang Naiwu's conviction as a warning. Just as Yang Naiwu saw through the dark bureaucrats, Xiugu wanted to tell the world with blood and head that "the people of Qing Dynasty look forward to the blue sky", and he got the answer that "Qing Dynasty has blue sky" from Prince Chun. On the day of his release from prison, Yang Naiwu witnessed Bi Xiugu being sent to buddhist nun to shave her head and become a nun. Although she saved her life, she was disabled and even refused to restore her fame and fortune. She couldn't help asking herself, "Have my grievances been cleared?" Does the great Muslim have a blue sky ... a song of unjust imprisonment has been passed down for a hundred years, and the long companion hates that the sky is blue? "
Statement 2
(Yujun Feng, Associate Professor of Law School of Renmin University of China):
Yang Naiwu was born in the 21st year of Daoguang. He is a squire in Yuhang County, Zhejiang Province. He is usually nosy and likes to fight against injustice. To this end, he also contradicted the government, which also laid a hidden danger for his future imprisonment. Twelve years of Tongzhi, he was promoted in Yang Naiwu. Bi Xiugu, also known as Ge, is nicknamed "Chinese cabbage" because of her handsome appearance and love to wear white clothes and green pants. She married Ge Pinlian, and they rented a house in Yang Naiwu. Because * * * lives in a big family, Yang Naiwu and Chinese cabbage are very close. Yang Naiwu often teaches Chinese cabbage to read, and also teaches her to read classics. Because of this incident, there was gossip among the neighbors. At that time, there was a gossip in the neighborhood that "Yang eats cabbage".
In October of the twelfth year of Tongzhi, Yang Naiwu went to work in Yuyao's mother-in-law's house and didn't come back for a few days. On the ninth day of October, Ge Pinlian, the helper of the tofu shop, that is, the husband of Chinese cabbage, got up in the morning and suddenly fell ill. At first, he thought it was filariasis, or he got angry. Later, taking medicine didn't work, and the condition worsened. Everyone thought it was killing the disease, or getting angry, and taking all kinds of Chinese medicine didn't work. That's right. We will be here from three to five this afternoon. Ge Pinlian was black and blue and died of a serious illness. A good young man died of a sudden illness, which was beyond the understanding of his family and neighbors. This is related to Yang Naiwu and Chinese cabbage being too cautious on weekdays. At this time, Ge Pinlian's old mother reported the case to the Yuhang county government and Liu Xitong, the magistrate of Yuhang county. When she got the report, she led the coroner, Shen Xiang, who we are talking about today, to Ge Jia. That is, GePinLian and Shen Xiang took out silver needles and pierced GePinLian's body. It needs to be mentioned here that in the process of solving the case, the coroner pierced the body with a silver needle washed with soap stone. If the body is poisoned, the silver needle may turn black. After Shen Xiang's puncture, the silver needle turned black and Shen Xiang thought it was poisoned.
Liu Xitong got such a conclusion, the conclusion of forensic identification, and immediately decided that the rumors in the neighborhood were true, so he took Chinese cabbage back to the county government for interrogation. At first, Bi Xiugu, a Chinese cabbage, refused to admit that he was suspected of murdering her husband, and Liu Xitong tortured him. According to historical records at that time, Liu Xitong used cruel punishments, including stabbing his chest with red-hot iron wire, melting tin, pouring hot tin on his back and boiling it. Is to pour her back into the molten metal tin with boiling tin water. Under such cruel torture, Bi Xiugu was forced to confess, saying that on the fifth day of October, Yang Naiwu bought arsenic for her, so that she could poison Ge Pinlian to achieve the purpose of their adultery. On the ninth day of October, Ge Pinlian was ill, so she poured arsenic into the medicine soup and took it together. Ge Pinlian died of poisoning. After Liu Xitong got Bi Xiugu's confession, he immediately summoned Yang Naiwu. Surprisingly, Yang Naiwu came to the county government and denied that he had anything to do with the case. He claimed that he was not in Yuhang County at all on1October 9, and he had no time or motive to commit the crime. Liu Xitong decided that it was necessary to extort a confession by torture. In the Qing Dynasty, it was stipulated by law that if the parties did not make a confession, they could not make a final decision, so Liu Xitong reported the official document to the Hangzhou government, demanding the cancellation of Yang Naiwu's juren origin. If he cancels the status of juren, he can torture Yang Naiwu to get the confession he needs. Just as he presented the official document, the chief executive had just left, and Liu Xitong, who was eager to work, tortured Yang Naiwu that night. Nevertheless, Yang Naiwu never admitted that he had a motive for committing a crime. In other words, I have always denied my true crime. But even so, Liu Xitong put forward the theory of adultery between Yang Naiwu and Chinese cabbage to murder Ge Pinlian and requested a second trial.
At that time, the Minister of Punishment, that is, the Minister of Public Security or the President of the Supreme Court personally presided over the trial, and then Jiuqing, the highest-level torturer, sat next to him to conduct a thorough review of Yang Naiwu and Chinese cabbage. Two suspects came to Beijing for trial. During the trial, two questions need to be raised. The first one provided the testimony that Qian Tan, the owner of Yirentang drugstore who sold arsenic to Yang Naiwu, had died. However, Yang's family has provided testimony that he was not in Yuhang County at all that day, and this testimony was accepted. The second point is very crucial. Ge Pinlian's bones, even bones and coffins, have been escorted from Yuhang to Beijing, and the coffins have been reopened. Results This examination found that according to the final determination of some doctors, Ge Pinlian died of a disease, which was a disease. I didn't find any poisoning death, which is the component of arsenic. Once the core problem was found out, Liu Xitong and Shen Xiang, the county magistrates of Yuhang County who were also in court at that time, confessed that it was really because we did not do detailed work when examining Ge Pinlian's body and subjectively found them guilty, so we extorted a confession by torture. So a case lasted for more than three years, nearly four years, and finally it was finalized, Yang Naiwu and Shen Xiang.
Punish officials
After the case was rehabilitated, it caused an uproar in the political environment of the Qing Dynasty at that time. Empress Dowager Cixi immediately issued a letter to punish Yuhang county magistrate Liu Xitong and sentenced him to exile in Heilongjiang. Yuhang county magistrate Liu Xitong did not investigate carefully, which led to the occurrence of this unjust case. He was the culprit and was taken to Heilongjiang Province. More than 30 officials, including Shen Xiang and other relevant personnel, were dismissed, expelled or investigated. More than 65,438,000 officials were dismissed, including Zhejiang Governor Yang Changjun, Hu Ruilan and Hangzhou magistrate Chen Lu, who were never used again. In this case, the Yang Naiwu case and the Chinese cabbage case, which caused a lot of uproar, ended in the fall of a large number of officials. The broad masses of people clap their hands and applaud, which is a real case of Yang Naiwu and Chinese cabbage.