To study/investigate the nature of things in order to gain knowledge

Zhu called this chapter "five chapters to explain the meaning of the governor." Due to lack of knowledge, make a supplementary biography. Supplementary Biography embodies Zhu's complete epistemology. Zhu's theory includes physics, but its main connotation is benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom. The connotation of "Mingde" is also four virtues. This is different from the original intention of "university". "University" emphasizes the understanding of external things, while Zhu hopes to glow people's inner moral consciousness.

Zhu pointed out that "Wu Ge" is to distinguish right from wrong and study the truth of things, thus expanding knowledge and increasing wisdom. When it comes to "Wu Ge", it is necessary to remove impurities from one's thoughts, so that one will not be tempted by material desires, blind one's nature, be polluted by evil deeds, make one's behavior noble, make one's mind beautiful, and improve one's self-cultivation.

Wu Ge and Zhi Zhi are the basis of the Eight Events. The so-called "learning from others" means learning from others and increasing their knowledge and wisdom in order to achieve perfection.

original text

(This is called knowing this. )

[The so-called knowledge in the case of things, speaking with my knowledge, is poor in the immediate things. The spirit that covers the heart knows everything, and everything in the world is unreasonable. Because reason is inexhaustible, its knowledge is inexhaustible. It is based on the "university" that teaching begins, and scholars must begin to become everything in the world, all of which benefit the poor because of their known principles, in order to achieve the ultimate. As for the hard work for a long time, once suddenly enlightened, everything is fine and thick, and the use of the heart is unknown. This is called objectification (4),] this is also called the unity of knowledge and action.

translate

(this is called grasping the roots. )

If you want to acquire knowledge, you must know and study things, that is to say, if you want to acquire knowledge, you must contact things and thoroughly exhaust their truth. Probably, people's hearts are smart and have cognitive ability. Everything in the world has certain reasons, but because these reasons have not been fully understood, people's knowledge is limited. Therefore, from the very beginning, universities teach people to contact with everything in the world, and use their existing knowledge to further explore, so as to thoroughly understand the truth of everything. After a long time of hard work, one day it will be suddenly enlightened. At that time, everything inside and outside will be clear, and all the inner truths will be presented without cover. This is called that everything has been recognized and studied, and this is called the culmination of knowledge.

To annotate ...

(1) This is called understanding: Cheng Yi and Zhu both think this sentence is an essay. Delete the previous sentence and repeat the previous sentence.

2 poverty: poor research, thorough research.

3 Not bad: not refined, not thorough.

(4) "The so-called knower is an example of the matter" to "the case of the matter" is Zhu's supplementary message to Cheng Yi.

The application of wisdom

This is called knowing it.

Notes on classic sentences

This sentence is repeated with the last sentence of the last paragraph, and the meaning emphasized in the last paragraph is more obvious. Belonging to this chapter has the following meaning. This leads to how to understand the root of "winning the world".

Man is the spirit of heaven and earth. For thousands of years, China's traditional culture has been people-oriented, concerned about people's livelihood, concerned about people's hearts, sympathized with people's feelings, and pleaded with Zhang Weimin. From Pan Geng's "attaching importance to the people" to Zhou Gong's "protecting the people" and then to Confucius' "loving the people"; From Mencius' "people are more important than the monarch" to Xunzi's "water in a boat" and then to "people are the foundation of the country" since the Han and Tang Dynasties; No matter politicians, humanistic wise men or ancient sages, they all show profound dialectical color, profound philosophical thinking and wise ideological light in their care for the people. In China's long feudal society, history always wavered between "monarchical power" and "people-oriented", thus pushing history forward in twists and turns. The most typical example is the Qin Dynasty. Qin unified the six countries, which can be said to be in line with God's will and public opinion. However, in the face of the mess, the Qin Dynasty trampled on the moral inheritance of "ruling the world", blindly pursued harsh laws for the right of one family and one surname, deprived people of their freedom and increased their burden, thus intensifying social contradictions. As a result, the dynasty changed in just fifteen years. Therefore, thinkers and politicians of later generations warned politicians to be kind and care for the people with the warning that "water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it".

The evolutionary history of the rise and fall of China's dynasties proves that the opposition between people's hearts is the most critical determinant of the rise and fall of the country. Rulers "value the people", then "their prosperity is also rich"; If the ruler is "thin", then "his death is also sudden." A "Twenty-four History" records the historical track of dynasty changes, reflecting the aspirations of the people: those who win the hearts of the people win the world, and those who lose the hearts of the people lose the world. Those rulers who aim at realizing the emperor's hegemony only regard the people as a tool to achieve this goal, and even regard the people as ignorant mobs or "cattle and sheep" driven by them. Although these rulers also made waves in history, their achievements were short-lived and were soon submerged by the wave of people fighting for freedom.

Compared with the ever-changing stars, human beings are small, very small. To promote the development of human history, we must understand the truth that "the people are the foundation of the country and the country is the foundation".

Interpretation of historical examples

Instead, benefit the people.

Zhou Xue, the word Shao Xuan. Fenyang (now southwest of Wanrong County, Shanxi Province) was born in the Sui Dynasty. Son of Xue Duan, general of Northern Zhou Dynasty. The Xue family is a rich family since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and it is prominent in all previous dynasties. Although Zhou Xue was born in a rich family, he was smart and eager to learn, and often borrowed some profound ancient books and left them on the shelf. Every time I read a strange book, I study the strange things contained in it until I know its meaning. Studying hard when he was young laid a good foundation for Zhou Xue to realize the ideal of saving the world and helping the people in the future.

During the reign of Zhou Ming, Zhou Xue was awarded a hereditary title and the title of Duke Yuan Cheng. He moved to Sijin Dafu, where he was added to the government. Zhou died in the Sui Dynasty, and was appointed as the secretariat of Yanzhou during the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. During his tenure, he benefited the country and the people and was promoted to Dali Temple. Upon his arrival, Zhou Xue found that the prison was overcrowded, with a backlog of cases for several years and no one cared. Hundreds of people have been imprisoned for many years, and the verdict is still pending. So he examined the case by case and found that most of the prisoners were poor and helpless, and were detained for tax arrears, rent evasion and other reasons. It only took Zhou Xue more than ten days to complete the treatment and put the innocent people back into the fields. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty said, "Zhao Zhuo decided the case by law, and Zhou Xue decided the case by emotion." Zhou Xue's violence and chaos were eliminated, his law enforcement was lenient, his grievances were corrected, and he won the hearts of the people. So, he was recalled to the capital and served as the minister of punishments. However, he was expelled from Beijing because of his integrity, adherence to principles and disagreement with the powerful people of the current dynasty. Because Zhou Xue had been running around for many years, he was exhausted and died on the road.

When Zhou Xue was appointed as the secretariat of Yanzhou, he managed the flooding of Sihe River and built the Yan Feng Canal to turn harm into profit.

Yanzhou has a flat terrain. There are two rivers in the east of the city, one is Yi River and the other is Surabaya. After meeting here, it turned to the south, forming osawa. Flooding swallowed up farmland and houses, causing great harm to people.

It has been more than 80 years since Yuan Kuang of the Northern Wei Dynasty built the Jin Si Bridge weir leading to Zhou Xue. After numerous floods, the bridge weir built by Yuan Kuang was washed away. Because of the war, when Lou Zhao captured the incomplete mountain city in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, he decided to divert water from the Sihe River to fill the city, resulting in serious damage to the dike. For decades, no one has repaired it, making Sishui River a great disaster in the golf market. Every rainy season, the river overflows, and the basin becomes a country, and the residents have no livelihood.

After Zhou Xue took office, he made a field investigation, organized local people to build dikes and repair canals, and used the terrain when the riverbank stones were used as weirs to divert water to the west. After the completion of the project, the flooded fields were restored to fertile fields, and the fields in Yanzhou were irrigated with weir water, thus avoiding floods and developing agricultural production. Later, Zhou Xue opened the passage from Huaihe River to Bohai Sea, developed shipping, further developed water conservancy, gradually developed Yanzhou's economy and trade, made the people rich, and brought great benefits to the people in Huaihai area. People cherish his virtue, and people still call this route from Huaihe River to Bohai Sea "Xue".

Zhou Xue managed Surabaya and built the Yan Feng Canal, which not only ensured the bumper harvest of Yanzhou agriculture, but also played an important role in the later historical process. In order to develop water transportation in Yuan Dynasty, Huitong River was dug, Yan Feng Canal was dredged many times, and Surabaya was diverted to supplement economic transportation through Yan Feng Canal. For centuries, it has been used not only for shipping, but also for irrigation and drainage.

people-oriented

Li Shimin (599-649), the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, was a pioneer of "Zhenguan rule", and he knew the importance of winning the hearts of the people.

Zhenguan Politician Agriculture records the story that Emperor Taizong attached importance to agriculture and put people first. In the second year of Zhenguan (AD 628), Emperor Taizong said to his ministers, "Everything must have its roots. The country is people-oriented, and the people take food as the sky. Anyone who manages food and clothing for agriculture and mulberry is based on losing opportunities. To lose no time, only the monarch can make trouble for the people and work hard. If you fight for years and build a palace, can you do it without occupying the farming season? " Minister Wang Xuan said: "In the past, Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi often resorted to war and built palaces in China, which exhausted human and material resources and caused disasters one after another. Didn't they want to stabilize people's hearts? They just didn't find the right way. The demise of the Sui Dynasty is a direct reference! Your majesty has suffered from the ills left over from the Sui Dynasty and knows how to change them. But it was easy at first, but it was difficult to stick to it. I really hope that your majesty will be cautious from beginning to end. " Taizong said, "You are right. The key to stabilizing the people and the country lies in the monarch. If you can share the interest with the people, the people of Pierer. You have more selfish desires, but the people suffer. This is why I dare not indulge myself and constantly restrain myself. "

In the second year of Zhenguan, there was a plague of locusts in Chang 'an. Emperor Taizong went to the forbidden garden in the north of Xuanwu Gate and caught some locusts. He said angrily, "The people live on food, but you ate it, preferring to eat my lungs and intestines." Raise your hand to swallow locusts, and people around you advised: "Eating dirty things is easy to get sick." Emperor Taizong said, "I suffered for the people. Why should I avoid disaster? " So he swallowed the locust. Tang Taizong also said in "Farming": "Husband's food is the foundation of the people, and agriculture is the foundation of politics".

In the sixteenth year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong found that the price of rice in the world was five yuan a barrel, which was still cheap, as long as it was three yuan a barrel. So he said to the ministers: "The country is people-oriented, and food is the most important thing for the people. Without a bumper harvest, the country will have no income. Since food is so important to the national economy and people's livelihood, and I am the food and clothing parents of the people, I only hope that I can be thrifty, not extravagant and flashy, and benefit the people. I often want to reward people all over the world and make them rich and respectable. Now I reduce my labor, don't take up their time, let them adapt to the weather and plant crops well. In fact, this is the way to make them rich. I also advocate courtesy and humility, so that rural people and young people respect the elderly and wives respect their husbands. In fact, this is to make them noble. As long as everyone in the world is honored, I will enjoy it even if I don't listen to songs or hunt. "

Sun Wu retired after he became famous.

Sun Wu, also known as grandson, was born in about 535 BC and was named Changqing. Later generations are also called Sun Wuzi, the author of the Art of War and a famous strategist.

Sun Wu was born in Qi, and was recommended by Wu Zixu to be an official in Wu. At that time, Chu was a powerful country in the Central Plains, and Wu Zixu had always planned to attack Chu in order to avenge his father. Sun Wu gave full play to his military talents in the battle against Chu, which not only defeated Chu, but also captured the capital of Chu at that time, causing Chu to be devastated for a long time.

After the great victory of Chu, the king of Wu wanted to reward him for his merits, and Sun Wu was the first, but Sun Wu said that he would not accept anything. He made up his mind to retire from the mountains. The prince of Wu was deeply unwilling and repeatedly retained him, but Sun Wu insisted on leaving. The prince of Wu sent Wu Zixu to persuade him. When Sun Wu saw Wu Zixu coming, he told everyone around him to stand down and said to Wu Zixu, "Do you know the laws of nature? Summer is gone, and winter is coming. Since then, the king of Wu has attacked everywhere with the strength of Wu. Of course, there was no disadvantage in the war, but since then, there has been a heart of arrogance and extravagance. You know, you have to retire after success, otherwise, there will be future trouble. Now I not only want to retire by myself, but also want to persuade you to retire together. "

But Wu Zixu didn't take Sun Wu's words seriously. Sun Wu and Wu Zixu are lovers, so they didn't say much. Then Sun Wu drifted away and never came back.

Later, as Sun Wu expected, Wu Zixu was executed by Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, and his head hung on the gate. Fu Cha, the king of Wu, also competed with Gou Jian, the king of Yue, winning first and then losing, and finally perishing.

The so-called knowledge is in things, words want to reach my knowledge, and poverty is in things.

Cover the soul of the human heart, know everything, and everything in the world is reasonable.

Because reason is not poor, its knowledge is inexhaustible.

Teaching is based on "university", and scholars must start to become everything in the world.

It is because of its well-known principles that it is rich and poor.

In order to achieve the ultimate. As for the long-term exertion, once it becomes clear,

Then everything is fine and thick, and the use of the heart is unknown.

Notes on classic sentences

This passage is used to talk about the meaning of knowing things and how to know things. Modern Chinese is interpreted as: studying the principle of things to gain knowledge. Understanding things is the law of the ancients, which means that things are poor and everything should be understood and explored; You know, to be a real wise man, never be confused in action. Learning in today's philosophy is to understand the essence through the understanding of the appearance. In a more popular way, it is to grasp the connotation and extension of things through understanding. It should also be pointed out here that the education of "university" is to let scholars get in touch with things more and feel knowledge with personal experience, so that after a period of accumulation, they will reach a cognitive leap, so that their minds will suddenly penetrate and the laws of everything in the world will become clear.

Although the world looks chaotic, its operation is regular; The existence of all things also has its meaning. It is difficult and complicated to know the world, but simply speaking, the world can be divided into two parts, that is, me and the existence outside me. Everything in the world is my relationship with everything outside. I am only a part of the world, and the world does not exist regardless of my will. However, the world can't ignore my existence, and the world has changed a little because of my role. And my influence on the world lies in practice and thinking, affecting the development direction of society. In reality, every specific problem has its inevitability of existence and is a concrete form of things. The answers to these questions can only be the product of compromise between theory and reality under specific historical conditions, which are relatively reasonable and never absolute solutions. Because thought itself is the product of the times. So it can only be an exploration, and no one can give a once-and-for-all answer. And with the changes of the times, new answers are constantly being obtained.

Human beings' understanding of nature, their own understanding and even the source of all knowledge are inseparable from practice. If you want to seek truth, you must first put it into practice. Learning and thinking are the only way to acquire knowledge. Learning is of course practice, and thinking is also a way of practice, and it is a more advanced way of practice. "Learning from others" is a way to teach people to learn and understand things.

Interpretation of historical examples

Study tirelessly and gain true knowledge.

Lu Pi was born in Ping Ling (now northwest of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He is steady and studious, and never wastes his time on meaningless parties and friends, so he is often criticized. But Rupert is still me, and he is very satisfied with himself. After unremitting study, Lu Pi familiarized himself with the Five Classics, especially Lu Shi and Shangshu, and taught his disciples to become famous Confucianism.

In the first year of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Lu Pi gave priority to countermeasures, except for negotiating Lang and moving to a new field order, and later he was promoted to Qingzhou secretariat. More than 100 scholars often ask him for help. Kanto called "the revival of Lu Shuling through the Five Classics", which had a great influence.

During Lu Pi's tenure as Zhao Wangxiang, Zhao Ceng listened to the witch doctor's words and wanted to move to the school hall to avoid illness. Lu Pi remonstrated, saying, "I heard in the Book of Rites that a vassal died in his post, a doctor died at home, and life and death have their own destiny. I have never heard of any avoidable precedent. The school is a place to teach the Five Emperors how to govern the country, and to carry forward the rites and music of the former kings. However, you should abolish the sacred and clean place of Dusit and use it for private banquets. The fallacies and lies of those witch doctors are unbelievable. " The prince of Zhao was therefore in awe of deerskin.

After being Zhao Xiang for six years, Lupi was promoted to be the magistrate of Dong Jun (south of Puyang). He attached importance to the development of farmland water conservancy and promoted the development of local agricultural production.

Ximen Bao got rid of superstition.

Ximen Bao, wei ren during the Warring States Period, was born and died in an unknown year. Wei Wenhou (reigned from 446 to 396) was the commander-in-chief of Ye (now the north of Anyang City, Henan Province), and later made great achievements. At the same time, he is an atheist.

Ximen Bao came to Yecheng and found it very desolate and sparsely populated. So he called the local people together to understand the situation.

Ximen Bao asked, "Why is this place so desolate? People must be very bitter, right? "

People replied, "It's all because Hebo got married and everyone ran away."

Ximen Bao felt very strange and asked, "Who is Hebo? He married a daughter-in-law, why did everyone run away? "

An old man said, "There is a big river called Zhanghe, and the water god in Zhanghe is called Hebo. He loves young girls most and marries a daughter-in-law every year. Everyone must choose a beautiful girl to marry him so that he can bless us. Otherwise, Hebo will make waves and flood crops. "

Ximen Bao asked, "Who told you that?"

The old man said, "This is what the witch said. The witch and the attendants in the yamen came forward to hold a wedding for Hebo. They dressed up the selected girl beautifully, then set up a mat bed, let the girl sit on it, let her drift down the current, and Hebo married the girl away. Every year, in order to do a happy event, a lot of money must be paid, and those who have no money have to flee. "

Ximen Bao didn't know until he heard it. It turned out that local officials used "Hebo" to marry and rob money and kill people. He continued to ask, "Do you often have floods here?"

The old man replied, "Fortunately, I married Hebo every year, and there was no big flood. Sometimes there is a lack of rain in summer, and it is inevitable that crops will dry up. If the witch doesn't give Hebo a happy event, then life will be worse except for drought and flood. " Ximen Bao said with a smile: "Hebo is still very effective! Next time he gets married, please tell me so that I can congratulate herb. "

On Hebo's wedding day, Ximen Bao came to the river, and so did local officials, large and small. There are thousands of people around. An old witch in her seventies, followed by a dozen female apprentices.

The wedding is about to begin. Ximen Bao said, "Call my new wife. I want to see if she is beautiful!"

The old witch took the girl to Ximen Bao. Ximen Bao saw this and said loudly to the old witch, "Hebo's daughter-in-law must choose a particularly beautiful one. This woman is not beautiful enough. Please tell Hebo that we are going to find another beautiful woman and deliver it in two days! "

Say, Ximen Bao ordered several warriors to lift the old witch, "plop", and threw it into the river. People on the shore are too scared to go out into the atmosphere. The old witch struggled in the river for a while and sank.

After a while, Ximen Bao said, "Why hasn't the big witch come back for so long? Your young female apprentice, hurry her! " Then, there were only two sounds of "plop, plop", and the two female apprentices were thrown into the river by the warriors.

After a while, Ximen Bao said, "These disciples are all women. Still trouble some village officials to urge it! " Then he ordered several officials to be thrown into the river!

The people on the riverbank kept chattering, and the officials were scared out of their wits, fearing that they would be next. After a while, Ximen Bao looked at several officials and said, "Why didn't they come back? What should we do? "

Those officials were scared to death, so they knelt down, kowtowed repeatedly and knocked the blood out of their foreheads. After a while, Ximen Bao said, "Get up! It seems that Hebo left them behind. Let's all go home! " So he took people away. After that, no one dared to talk about marrying Hebo. Ximen Bao mobilized people in Yecheng area to open 12 canals to divert water from Zhanghe River to irrigate crops. Many wasteland has turned into fertile land, and there are few floods and droughts. The common people practiced with peace of mind, and many people who had escaped before came back one after another.

Ximen Bao tactfully and decisively dealt with the superstitious behavior of "Hebo marries", which harmed others and himself and greatly benefited the people. Many years later, the local people are still thinking about Ximen Bao. Ximen Bao's deeds have also become a famous superstition-breaking story in the history of China.

This is called the situation of things, and this is called knowing.

Notes on classic sentences

This sentence is a summary of the previous paragraph, which means that once you understand it in your heart, you can really understand things.

As the saying goes, "people have self-knowledge." Self-knowledge is an objective orientation of the existence value of one's life. As the saying goes, it is difficult for most people to grasp themselves, so it is difficult to judge themselves objectively. That's why there is a saying that "people are expensive and have self-knowledge". In the workplace, knowing what you want to do, what you will do, what your strengths and weaknesses are, is the most valuable. Only by positioning yourself accurately can you make yourself comfortable and give play to your subjective initiative.

Many people are very good at setting ideals and goals, but when there is a contradiction between ideals and reality, they will not correct their goals in time, but go all the way to the end. In job hunting, they often only consider the work of large units and white-collar workers, and the annual salary cannot be less than how much. Even if I hit a wall, I don't change my original intention, just don't consider my ability, whether it is worth getting paid for so many years, and whether I can be qualified for these senior positions. This behavior is an important reason for the abnormal phenomenon of "some people have nothing to do and some things have no one to do". When the ideal you pursue is unattainable; When you want to achieve your goal, you will lose a lot and lose more than you gain. When you realize your ideal, you can't bring benefits to your company and yourself ... at this time, you should choose to give up. Giving up is painful, but it is much more painful than failure.

In fact, we sometimes have a clear understanding of ourselves and know what we can do, but because there is no stage, we have no chance to realize our dreams in life. Without a stage, a good actor can only be unknown. In this case, we should not be discouraged or disappointed, but try our best to do everything well, which is a success in itself, because we are worthy of our hearts.

Interpretation of historical examples

The call-up should not be just nominal.

Shu Wei, the word Yangyuan. During the Warring States Period, a native of Jin was Fancheng (now Jining City, Shandong Province).

He lost his father at an early age and became an orphan. He was raised by his wife Ning. When Ningjia was building a new house, a Feng Shui gentleman looked at the location of the house and said, "Judging from the momentum of the house, there must be your nephew." Grandmother, because Shu Wei was smart since he was a child, thought it would come true for him. Shu Wei also said, "I should win honor for my grandmother's family."

Shu Wei is honest and simple, and seems a little slow, so he is not valued by the villagers, but Shu Wei doesn't mind. In his daily words and deeds, Shu Wei did not deliberately abide by what ordinary people think of etiquette, nor did he do anything commendable. Treat people, always be lenient with others, and never blame others for their shortcomings. He likes riding and archery by nature, often wears leather clothes, goes deep into mountains and likes fishing and hunting. Only Wang Wa of Taiyuan said to her, "Your talent deserves to be a pillar of the country, and you should eventually be an assistant in Taiwan Province, but you still haven't rescued your wife from hunger and cold. I should try my best to help you. " So he often offered help, and Shu Wei accepted it calmly without refusing.

Shu Wei once went to Wang Ye (now Biyang County, Henan Province) to meet friends, which coincided with his master's wife giving birth at night. Not long after, Shu Wei heard the sound of cars and horses outside. Someone asked, "Is it a boy or a girl?" Answer: "It's a boy. Let's record that he died of iron injury at the age of 15. " Ask again: "Who is spending the night?" Answer: "It's Duke Wei. His name is Shu Wei." 15 years later, Shu Wei came to the house again and asked about the children born that year. The master said, "The child is no longer alive because he was cut by an axe while pruning mulberry trees." So Shu Wei knew that he should be knighted in the future.

When Shu Wei was in his forties, the county government recommended him as a dutiful son. Older people in the clan think that Shu Wei has no knowledge, so they plan to ask him not to call, so that he can get a good name to resign. Everyone agrees that it is the best policy not to be called.

Shu Wei doesn't want to be so affected. He said: "If I am not selected because of my talent and moral cultivation, it is my own responsibility. How can you get the name of a gentleman without being called? "

From then on, he worked hard and studied hard, reading a classic every 100 days. Many things happen. As a result, Shu Wei rose to the top with countermeasures. Shu Wei was first appointed as the director of Mianchi, then promoted to the position of army and business, and then transferred to the army, making him a drama Yoko. Shu Wei is good at making decisions on major issues. When he meets a national event that is difficult for everyone to decide, he can always explain it clearly and plan it in detail. His insights are more profound than others, so he is highly valued by Emperor Wen of Jin Dynasty. Wendi once praised: "Wei Shutang is also the leader of people." After Emperor Wu of Jin ascended the throne, Wei Shulei went to Stuart and was admired at that time.

Betrayal of the merciful

The moral corruption of officialdom in Song Dynasty was influenced by Zhao Kuangyin's employment. He thinks the old man is steady, young and impetuous. Therefore, those who want to be promoted lie about their age, just turned 40, but report that they are already in their fifties. "History of Song Dynasty" records: "Taizong brought people, and Lin Xuan had many counselors, and teenagers often stopped. Or teach Kou Zhun to prolong his life. A: Aggressive can bully the monarch? Successively. "

Kou Zhun is an honest man and dare not increase his age. Song Zhenzong thinks highly of Kou Zhun and intends to promote him as prime minister, but because he is young, he is hesitant. But Kou Zhun wanted to do something for the court and the people, so he bought a medicine in the drugstore. After taking it, the hair and beard turned white and suddenly became mature and prudent. Before long, he became prime minister.