emerald
Stone memorial archways are generally placed at the front and back of columns, at the bottom of each column, in order to support and strengthen the firmness of columns and make them not easy to collapse. Some are decorated with beautiful and simple curves or cirrus clouds, engraved with nose-shaped sun and moon plates and cirrus clouds, which are generally called "the sun and moon roll like trunk legs"; Some are decorated as drums, and the curves are properly combined with circular stone drums, which are called "drum-holding stones"; Some are decorated as cirrus clouds, some are carved into stone lions, and most of them use squatting lions. Different forms of beryl show that it is curved, bulging boulders and stone lions.
Rich morphological changes make the rigid stone buildings soft and charming, and at the same time increase the decorative and magnificent momentum of the archway. For more than three archways, the middle is usually called the Ming room, and the left and right sides are the secondary rooms. The pillars between the main room and the secondary room will also be different. In Hu's stone archway, the stone lion dived forward and was placed on the pillar of the archway. The patterns on the pillars are rich and exquisite. The second pillar of the arch is a cirrus-like "moon-moon scroll like a mortar leg"
Lizhuyu goose store
As a pillar part of stone carving archway, Huizhou stone carving archway was mostly octagonal final corner pillar in Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, there were basically no finished corners, and the structure was simple, mostly square columns, without too much carving. Occasionally embellished with simple patterns, it is very simple and generous, setting off the stretch of the whole stone carving archway. For example, the memorial archway of Huangzhenjie in Shexian County, the square column is engraved with brocade pattern and back pattern, and the beam is engraved with moire wishful hoop head and brocade fu. The overall shape is neat, and the contrast between Fiona Fang and thickness of lines is obvious, which is very formal. The beam connects the distance between columns, and the upper part of the beam is supported by slate, which is usually called square and divided into big square and small square. The early forehead was a simple rectangle. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the forehead began to appear in the form of a moon beam. The beam is bent downward and slightly arched, so it is called "winter melon beam" because it looks like a short winter melon. The beams and columns of the arch form the main body of the arch. Because Liang Fang plays a connecting role, it usually becomes the visual center of stone carving archway buildings. The carvings on the Liang Fang are generally delicate and clear, and contain warm and soft aesthetic feeling.
Carved corner brace
At the intersection of the lower part of the beam and the column, there is a member to prevent the beam from breaking due to excessive load bearing. Because it is like an open wing, it bears a certain load for the beam square, which is called sparrow replacement, and plays a role in strengthening and decorating the stone arch building. The replacement of sparrows in Huizhou archway generally plays a decorative role. Some sculptures are arc-shaped, with vivid arc flow and elastic melody changes; Some are also carved into triangles and so on. The sculpture is simple and graceful, the sculptor is mature, the layout is compact, and the whole is beautiful and comfortable. In the later period, sparrow replacement developed from the initial structural function to decoration, from simple to complex, from rough to exquisite, and finally became the decorative part of stone carving archway.
Horizontal title board
There is an inscription on the plaque of the stone carving archway, which is called "inscription", that is, the inscription card. The importance of inscription cards is often reflected in the iconic and commemorative archways. The inscription on the plaque combines the art of calligraphy and sculpture, endows the stone with its own natural color, forms a harmonious and unified tone, and forms the visual image center of the whole archway with concise calligraphy and smooth carving. Some archways have many inscriptions because of the number of rooms, such as the inscription of the dragon and phoenix brand under the roof of the Ming building, the inscription of the upper and lower foreheads, the inscription of the second wing building and so on. The names of inscriptions usually directly represent the types of archways, such as Xiao Jie Square, Filial Piety Square and Charity Square. Gongde stone memorial archway usually takes the name of the object of commendation or the official name as the name of the archway For example, in the "Great Scholar" Square in Guo Xu, the words "Great Scholar" are engraved on the square with four denominations, and the striking regular script "Rong En" plaque shows the glory given by the emperor. Next to the word "Rong En", there is a sculpture of Shuanglong, and the inscription surrounded by dragons and phoenixes is called Dragon and Phoenix Brand. The words "Learn before you become a minister" and "Go to the stage" are engraved on the front and back of the square respectively. The words in the square were written by Dong Qichang, a great calligrapher, with dignified and neat fonts.
card
The flower boards of the stone carving archway are located on both sides of the plaque of the main building. On the archway with multiple bays, it is mainly used to enrich the image of the archway, play a decorative role and set off the plaque. Some flower boards are also carved into hollow boards. The main purpose is to reduce the wind resistance and ensure the stability of the archway through its hollow characteristics.
Bracket bracket
Bucket arch usually exists as a transitional component between the roof and the column, and appears at the top of the archway in the form of jumping bows layer by layer, which has the function of maintaining overall stability and decorating and beautifying.
Buildings and kissing beasts
Stone archway is built in the upper part of Afangshan, generally with a roof, mainly in the form of hanging mountain, resting mountain, roof and so on. Some of its obvious roofs will be decorated with carved kissing animals, which are harmonious in proportion, dynamic and beautiful. For example, the Hupaifang in Xidi Village has upturned cornices carved on the left and right sides and the top of the building, and the cornice headdress kisses the beast with fish. Octopus tentacles are wavy, integrating decoration and lightning protection functions. Vivid and beautiful, full of formal beauty.