Zhang Jun, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lung Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University: Chest and back pain sounds simple, but sometimes, the more seemingly simple the disease, the more complicated it is to diagnose and treat. It is often even "the patient has chest pain and the doctor has a headache." There are many reasons for chest and back pain. Any pathological changes in the chest and back, including trauma, inflammation, deformity and tumor, may cause chest and back pain. These organs and tissues include skin, muscles, shoulder joints, clavicle, sternum, ribs, costal cartilage, vertebral body, corresponding blood vessels, nerves, pleura, lung, esophagus, thymus, heart and great vessels, mediastinum, etc. The pathological changes of organs and tissues outside the chest may also lead to the spread of pain to the chest and back, which is manifested as chest and back pain. These causes or diseases include diseases within the scope of thoracic surgery, common injuries such as chest and back trauma, fracture, pneumothorax, hemothorax, diaphragm rupture, diaphragmatic hernia, infectious diseases such as bronchiectasis, lung abscess, esophageal rupture, empyema and mediastinal inflammation, chest tumors such as lung tumor, esophageal tumor, mediastinal tumor and malignant pleural effusion, as well as chest malformation, costal chondritis and reflux esophagitis. It also includes other surgical or medical diseases, such as respiratory tract and blood system diseases such as respiratory tract infection, tracheitis, pneumonia, emphysema, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and lymphoma, intracardiac and surgical diseases such as heart disease, coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, pericarditis and large aneurysm, bone surgical diseases such as pleurisy, lumbar fasciitis, thoracic spine fracture, thoracic spine tumor and metastasis, and reflux esophagitis and cholecystitis. It is conceivable how difficult it will be to rule out these diseases if patients do not have regular physical examinations. In addition, modern people sometimes suffer from chest tightness, shortness of breath, pain in the head and neck, back, chest and abdomen due to social, psychological and physiological reasons such as heavy work pressure, tense interpersonal relationship, sitting in front of the computer for a long time, and even due to lack of sleep, irregular sleep, poor rest, smoking, drinking and irregular diet. If serious diseases of major organs such as the heart and lungs can be ruled out, otherwise, if they are still not relieved, further examination is needed.